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Deep convolutional neural network for multi-level non-invasive tunnel lining assessment

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2022年第2期16卷 214-223页

作者： Bernardino chiaIA giulia MARASCO Salvatore AIELLO Department of Structural Geotechnical and Building EngineeringPolytechnic University of TurinTorino10129Italy

In recent years,great attention has focused on the development of automated procedures for infrastructures *** efforts have aimed at greater speed and reliability compared to traditional methods of assessing structural *** paper proposes a multi-level strategy,designed and implemented on the basis of periodic structural monitoring oriented to a cost-and time-efficient tunnel control *** strategy leverages the high capacity of convolutional neural networks to identify and classify potential critical *** a supervised learning framework,Ground Penetrating Radar(GPR)profiles and the revealed structural phenomena have been used as input and output to train and test such ***-based analysis and integrative investigations involving video-endoscopy,core drilling,jacking and pull-out testing have been exploited to define the structural conditions linked to GPR profiles and to create the *** degree of detail and accuracy achieved in identifying a structural condition is *** a result,this strategy appears of value to infrastructure managers who need to reduce the amount and invasiveness of testing,and thus also to reduce the time and costs associated with inspections made by highly specialized technicians.

关键词： concrete structure GPR damage classification convolutional neural network transfer learning

Mechanosensitivity of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors(NMDAR)is the key through which amyloid beta oligomers activate them

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第6期17卷 1263-1264页

作者： giulia Fani Fabrizio Chiti Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences Section of BiochemistryUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is one of the major forms of dementia,accounting for 60 to 80%of the cases of dementia,affecting approximately 50 million people worldwide,which is why it has become an object of great interest in both the medical and social fields(Source:Alzheimer’s Association).One of the main histopathological hallmarks of AD is the formation and accumulation of senile plaques in the brain parenchyma,mainly composed by fibrillar aggregates of the amyloidβ(Aβ)*** peptide is generated by the cleavage of the membrane protein named amyloidβprecursor protein,and its secretion in the extracellular space leads to its aggregation into amyloid *** intermediates of this process of aggregation have been identified,and it was found that prefibrillar,soluble oligomeric forms of Aβare more likely to be the pathological species(Benilova et al.,2012).

关键词： amyloid Alzheimer Aβ

Understanding the metal-to-insulator transition in La_(1−x)Sr_(x)CoO_(3−δ) and its applications for neuromorphic computing

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 261-269页

作者： Shenli Zhang giulia Galli Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering The University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA Argonne National Laboratory ArgonneILUSA Department of Chemistry The University of ChicagoChicagoILUSA

Transition metal oxides that exhibit a metal-to-insulator transition(MIT)as a function of oxygen vacancy concentration are promising systems to realize energy-efficient platforms for neuromorphic ***,the current lack of understanding of the microscopic mechanism driving the MIT hinders the realization of effective and stable *** we investigate defective cobaltites and we unravel the structural,electronic,and magnetic changes responsible for the MIT when oxygen vacancies are introduced in the *** show that,contrary to accepted views,cooperative structural distortions instead of local bonding changes are responsible for the MIT,and we describe the subtle interdependence of structural and magnetic ***,we present a model,based on first principles,to predict the required electric bias to drive the transition,showing good agreement with available measurements and providing a paradigm to establish design rules for low-energy cost devices.

关键词： transition insulator hinder

Photonic extreme learning machine by free-space optical propagation

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Photonics Research 2021年第8期9卷 1446-1454页

作者： DAVIDE PIERANGELI giulia MARCUCCI CLAUDIO CONTI Institute for Complex System National Research Council(ISC-CNR)00185 RomeItaly Physics Department Sapienza University of Rome00185 RomeItaly Centro Ricerche Enrico Fermi(CREF) 00184 RomeItaly Department of Physics University of OttawaOttawaOntario K1N 6N5Canada

Photonic brain-inspired platforms are emerging as novel analog computing devices,enabling fast and energyefficient operations for machine *** artificial neural networks generally require tailored optical elements,such as integrated photonic circuits,engineered diffractive layers,nanophotonic materials,or time-delay schemes,which are challenging to train or ***,we present a neuromorphic photonic scheme,i.e.,the photonic extreme learning machine,which can be implemented simply by using an optical encoder and coherent wave propagation in free *** realize the concept through spatial light modulation of a laser beam,with the far field acting as a feature mapping *** experimentally demonstrate learning from data on various classification and regression tasks,achieving accuracies comparable with digital kernel machines and deep photonic *** findings point out an optical machine learning device that is easy to train,energetically efficient,scalable,and fabrication-constraint *** scheme can be generalized to a plethora of photonic systems,opening the route to real-time neuromorphic processing of optical data.

关键词： extreme propagation free

Tackling the epigenome in the pluripotent stem cells

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2008年第7期35卷 403-412页

作者： chia-Lin Wei Genome Technology and Biology Group Genome Institute of Singapore 138672 Singapore

Embryonic stem cells are unique in their abilities of self-renewal and to differentiate into many, if not all, cellular lineages. Transcriptional regulation, epigenetic modifications and chromatin structures are the key modulators in controlling such pluripotency nature of embryonic stem cell genomes, particularly in the developmental decisions and the maintenance of cell fates. Among them, epigenetic regulation of gene expression is mediated partly by covalent modifications of core histone proteins including methylation, phosphorylation and acetylation. Moreover, the chromatins in stem cell genome appear as a highly organized structure containing distinct functional domains. Recent rapid progress of new technologies enables us to take a global, unbiased and comprehensive view of the epigenetic modifications and chromatin structures that contribute to gene expression regulation and cell identity during diverse developmental stages. Here, we summarized the latest advances made by high throughput approaches in profiling epigenetic modifications and chromatin conformations, with an emphasis on genome-wide analysis of histone modifications and their implications in pluripotency nature of embryonic stem cells.

关键词： epigenetics histone modification ChiP-chip ChIP-PET embryonic stem cell

Large deformation plasticity From basic relations to finite deformation

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2020年第2期36卷 472-492页

作者： otto T.Bruhns Institute of Mechanics Ruhr-University Bochum44780 BochumGermany

The theory of plasticity as a special field of continuum mechanics deals with the irreversible,***,deformation of *** the action of given loads or deformations,the state of the stresses and strains or the strain rates in these bodies is *** this way,it complements the theory of elasticity for the reversible behavior of *** practice,it has been observed that many materials behave elastically up to a certain load(yield point),beyond that load,however,increasingly plastic or *** combination of these two material properties is known as *** classical elastoplastic material behavior is assumed to be time-independent or *** contrast,we call a time-or rate-dependent behavior visco-elastoplastic and visco-plastic—if the elastic part of the deformation is *** plasticity theory,because of the given loads the states of the state variables stress,strain and temperature as well as their changes are *** this purpose,the observed phenomena are introduced and put into mathematical *** constitutive relations describing the specific material behavior are finally embedded in the fundamental relations of continuum theory and ***,the theory of plasticity was introduced in order to better estimate the strength of *** analysis based purely on elastic codes is not in a position to do this,and can occasionally even lead to incorrect *** the other hand,the entire field of forming techniques requires a theory for the description of plastic *** from the classical description of plastic behavior with small deformations,the present review is intended to provide an insight into the state of the art when taking into account finite deformations.

关键词： Finite deformation Elasto-plasticity Constitutive relations Thermodynamics History of plasticity

Vibrationally resolved optical excitations of the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2258-2266页

作者： Yu Jin Marco Govoni giulia Galli Department of Chemistry University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA Materials Science Division and Center for Molecular Engineering Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL60439USA

A comprehensive description of the optical cycle of spin defects in solids requires the understanding of the electronic and atomistic structure of states with different spin multiplicity,including singlet states which are particularly challenging from a theoretical *** present a general framework,based on spin-flip time-dependent density function theory,to determine the excited state potential energy surfaces of the many-body singlet states of spin defects;we then predict the vibrationally resolved absorption spectrum between singlet shelving states of a prototypical defect,the nitrogen-vacancy center in *** results,which are in very good agreement with experiments,provide an interpretation of the measured spectra and reveal the key role of specific phonons in determining absorption processes,and the notable influence of non-adiabatic *** insights gained from our calculations may be useful in defining strategies to improve infrared-absorption-based magnetometry and optical pumping *** theoretical framework developed here is general and applicable to a variety of other spin defects and materials.

关键词： vacancy resolved singlet

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香港中学文凭考试等级预测研究

中国考试 2024年第2期 33-39+101页

作者：许嘉凌萧伟乐席小明香港考试及评核局

为研究香港中学文凭考试（简称文凭试）等级预测结果，以过往文凭试结果作为依据，通过标准化程序，对2020—2023年共计146 180名考生根据其校内评核成绩进行文凭试等级预测；并采用问卷调查法，基于各参与学校组织架构、教师的工作经... 详细信息

为研究香港中学文凭考试（简称文凭试）等级预测结果，以过往文凭试结果作为依据，通过标准化程序，对2020—2023年共计146 180名考生根据其校内评核成绩进行文凭试等级预测；并采用问卷调查法，基于各参与学校组织架构、教师的工作经验、公开考试阅卷经验及专业发展活动等，运用多层线性模型探讨学校属性与校内评核的关系。结果显示：中文、英文、数学、通识教育4门核心科目等级预测结果具有较高的准确度，其中英文预测结果最佳，其余3科预测结果类似；选修科目则因每年选考人数少导致文凭试成绩变化大，进而影响预测结果；多层线性模型分析显示，不同学校属性对于不同科目的校内评核具有不同的预测效果。

关键词：香港中学文凭考试等级预测校内评核标准参照测验

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现代资本主义的经济与政治

经济纵横 2024年第6期 51-62页

作者：奥托·欣策张雪琴(译) 陈模玲(译) 不详中共中央党校(国家行政学院)马克思主义学院

奥托·欣策是第二帝国和魏玛时期德国重要的历史学家,其理论对于20世纪社会科学有很大影响。中译文译自吉尔伯特等编译的《奥托·欣策历史学文集》。该文系欣策1929年刊于德国《历史研究》第139卷关于桑巴特《现代资本主义》长篇批判性... 详细信息

奥托·欣策是第二帝国和魏玛时期德国重要的历史学家,其理论对于20世纪社会科学有很大影响。中译文译自吉尔伯特等编译的《奥托·欣策历史学文集》。该文系欣策1929年刊于德国《历史研究》第139卷关于桑巴特《现代资本主义》长篇批判性评论的续篇,欣策正是在这篇文章中重申了他的观点以回应桑巴特的批评。同时,欣策此文也是“一战”后至大萧条前德国知识界持续进行的广泛讨论的一部分,反映出战后十年间德国思想界的时代特征。欣策此文批判了将现代资本主义经济与政治截然二分的观点,从共同体的角度强调了二者的相互嵌入,明确提出根据经济制度对经济史所作的分期不仅不会同根据重大时代变迁对政治史所作的分期相矛盾,而且会以更清晰的经济内涵丰富历史分期,并将此视为方法论上的重大进步。他据此考察了现代资本主义经济与政治的内在关联,更为深入地论证了韦伯关于独立的民族国家是现代资本主义存活之担保人的观点。文章作为一篇经济史论作,结合英、法、德、美等国的相关史实,着重说明在资本主义发展各阶段,政治与经济都是相互嵌入的,纯粹的市场经济不过是乌托邦,呈现了市场与国家的协同演化进程,有助于对“市场原教旨主义”的纠偏,对于今日理论界探讨建构性市场、反思决定论式唯物史观、批判纯粹市场决定论具有重要理论价值和现实意义。

关键词：奥托·欣策现代资本主义帝国主义经济政治经济史分期