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Phenol in High-mass Star-forming Regions

Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第6期22卷 256-268页

作者： Rana ghosh Milan Sil Suman kumar Mondal Prasanta Gorai Dipen Sahu Rahul kumar Kushwaha Bhalamurugan Sivaraman Ankan Das Indian Centre for Space Physics 43 ChalantikaGaria Station RoadKolkata 700084India S.N.Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Salt LakeKolkata 700106India Department of Space Earth&EnvironmentChalmers University of TechnologySE-41296 GothenburgSweden Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica Taipei Taipei 10617China Atomic and Molecular Physics Laboratory Institute for Nuclear Research(Atomki)Debrecen H-4026Hungary Physical Research Laboratory NavrangpuraAhmedabad 380009India

Phenol,which belongs to the C_(6)H_(6)O isomeric group,is the simplest molecule in the family of alcohol of the aromatic *** phenol has yet to be detected in the interstellar medium,a tentative identification was reported toward the Orion KL hot core using the IRAM-30 m line *** explore some more species of this isomeric group,we consider ten species to study the fate of their astronomical *** is noticed that phenol is the most energetically favorable isomer of this *** contrast,propargyl ether is the least favorable(having relative energy~103kcal mol^(-1)compared to phenol)species of this *** far,the studies associated with the formation of phenol are heavily concentrated on combustion ***,we suggest a few key reactions(C_(6)H_(6)+OH→C_(6)H_(5)+H_(2)O,C_(6)H_(6)+O→C_(6)H_(5)OH,C_(6)H_(6)+H→C_(6)H_(5)+H_(2),and C_(6)H_(5)+OH→C_(6)H_(5)OH+hν)for the formation of *** these pathways are included in a large gas-grain chemical network to study its formation in high mass star-forming regions and dark cloud *** is noticed that the phenyl(-C_(6)H_(5))formation by the ice-phase hydrogen abstraction reaction of benzene(i.e.,C_(6)H_(6)+OH→C_(6)H_(5)+H_(2)O if allowed at~10 K)could serve as the starting point for the formation of phenol in the gas phase by radiative association reaction C_(6)H_(5)+OH→C_(6)H_(5)OH+hν.The gasphase reaction C_(6)H_(6)+O→C_(6)H_(5)OH significantly contributes to the formation of phenol,when the ice-phase reaction C_(6)H_(6)+OH→C_(6)H_(5)+H_(2)O is not considered at low *** 4 ALMA archival data of a hot molecular core,G10.47+0.03,are *** yields an upper limit on phenol abundance of 5.19×10^(-9).Our astrochemical model delivers an upper limit on phenol abundance of~2.20×10^(-9)in the hot molecular core,whereas its production in the dark cloud is not satisfactory.

关键词： astrochemistry-ISM abundances-ISM molecules-(ISM:)evolution

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A novel sub 20 nm single gate tunnel field effect transistor with intrinsic channel for ultra low power applications

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Journal of Semiconductors 2016年第5期37卷 30-34页

作者： Pranav kumar Asthana Yogesh Goswami Bahniman ghosh Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Microelectronics Research Center University of Texas at Austin

We propose a nanoscale single gate ultra thin body intrinsic channel tunnel field effect transistor using the charge plasma concept for ultra low power applications. The characteristics of TFETs （having low leakage） are improved by junctionless TFETs through blending advantages of Junctionless FETs （with high on current）. We further improved the characteristics, simultaneously simplifying the structure at a very low power rating using an InAs channel. We found that the proposed device structure has reduced short channel effects and parasitics and provides high speed operation even at a very low supply voltage with low leakage. Simulations resulted in Iovv of - 9 × 10-16A/um, IoN of ,-20uA/um, ION/IoFF of--2× 1010, threshold voltage of 0.057 V, subthreshold slope of 7 mV/dec and DIBL of 86 mV/V for PolyGate/HfO2/InAs TFET at a temperature of 300 K, gate length of 20 nm, oxide thickness of 2 nm, film thickness of 10 nm, low-k spacer thickness of 10 nm and VDD of 0.2 V.

关键词： band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) tunnel field effect transistor (TFET) junctionless tunnel field effecttransistor (JLTFET) ION/IOFF ratio low power

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Role of Polyethylene Glycol and Silica for Dissolution Enhancement of Cefuroxime Axetil: In-Vitro Performance Evaluation and Characterization

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2023年第5期14卷 156-175页

作者： Mst. Boby Aktar Bithy Milon kumar ghosh Ashim kumar Md. Rafiqul Islam Khan Mir Imam Ibne Wahed Ranjan kumar Barman Laboratory of Pharmaceutics Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Science University of Rajshahi Rajshahi Bangladesh Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Biological Sciences Islamic University Kushtia Bangladesh

Cefuroxime Axetil (CA) a widely used cephalosporin antibiotic displays low aqueous solubility and high membrane penetrability. This results in its solubility driven variable and/or low oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy as a major drawback. Thus, most of the goal of our study was to increase the solubility as well as dissolution rate of CA using the simple and cost-effective solid dispersion (SD) method. At first, the SD formulations of CA were prepared at various weight ratios of Carplex-67 and PEG-4000 by solvent evaporation technique. These new formulations were then subjected to an in-vitro drug release performance study and tested for physicochemical characterization to distinguish the thermal behavior, crystallinity, interactions phenomena, and surface morphology. Among the formulated Cefuroxime Axetil Solid Dispersion (CSD), CSD-8 which contained CA, Carplex-67, and PEG-4000 at the weight ratio 1:3:2, respectively showed the most significant (p in-vitro dissolution in water, Gastric Simulated Fluid (GSF), and Intestinal Simulated Fluid (ISF). This study also showed a significant (p < 0.001) increase in drug release compared to the marketed product. Therefore, it is supposed to be a promising alternative to conventional antimicrobial therapy.

关键词： Carplex-67 Cefuroxime Axetil Improved Dissolution PEG-4000 Solid Dispersion Solvent Evaporation

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Hetero-gate-dielectric double gate junctionless transistor(HGJLT)with reduced band-to-band tunnelling effects in subthreshold regime

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Journal of Semiconductors 2014年第6期35卷 19-25页

作者： Bahniman ghosh Partha Mondal M.W.Akram Punyasloka Bal Akshay kumar Salimath Microelectronics Research Center 10100 Burnet RoadUniversity of Texas at Austin Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur

We propose a hetero-gate-dielectric double gate junctionless transistor （HGJLT）, taking high-k gate insulator at source side and low-k gate insulator at drain side, which reduces the effects ＆band-to-band tunnelling （BTBT） in the sub-threshold region. A junctionless transistor （JLT） is turned off by the depletion of carriers in the highly doped thin channel （device layer） which results in a significant band overlap between the valence band of the channel region and the conduction band of the drain region, due to off-state drain bias, that triggers electrons to tunnel from the valence band of the channel region to the conduction band of the drain region leaving behind holes in the *** effects of band-to-band tunnelling increase the sub-threshold leakage current, and the accumulation of holes in the channel forms a parasitic bipolar junction transistor （n-p-n BJT for channel JLT） in the lateral direction by the source （emitter）, channel （base） and drain （collector） regions in JLT structure in off-state. The proposed HGJLT reduces the subthreshold leakage current and suppresses the parasitic BJT action in off-state by reducing the band-to-band tunnelling probability.

关键词： hetero-gate-dielectric double gate junctionless transistor band-to-band tunnelling off-state

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Impeded Carbohydrate Metabolism in Rice Plants under Submergence Stress

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Rice science 2011年第2期18卷 116-126页

作者： Malay kumar ADAK Nirmalya ghosh Dilip kumar DASGUPTA Sudha GUPTA Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology Research Unit Department of Botany University of Kalyani Department of Crop Physiology University of Calcutta

The detrimental effects of submergence on physiological performances of some rice varieties with special references to carbohydrate metabolisms and their allied enzymes during post-flowering stages have been documented and clarified in the present investigation. It was found that photosynthetic rate and concomitant translocation of sugars into the panicles were both related to the yield. The detrimental effects of the complete submergence were recorded in generation of sucrose, starch, sucrose phosphate synthase and phosphorylase activity in the developing panicles of the plants as compared to those under normal or control （i.e. non-submerged） condition. The accumulation of starch was significantly lower in plants under submergence and that was correlated with ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity. Photosynthetic rate was most affected under submergence in varying days of post-flowering and was also related to the down regulation of Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase activity. However, under normal or control condition, there recorded a steady maintenance of photosynthetic rate at the post-flowering stages and significantly higher values of Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase activity. Still, photosynthetic rate of the plants under both control and submerged conditions had hardly any significant correlation with sugar accumulation and other enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism like invertase with grain yield. Finally, plants under submergence suffered significant loss of yield by poor grain filling which was related to impeded carbohydrate metabolism in the tissues. It is evident that loss of yield under submergence is attributed both by lower sink size or sink capacity （number of panicles, in this case） as well as subdued carbohydrate metabolism in plants and its subsequent partitioning into the grains.

关键词： photosynthesis sucrose starch phosphorylase grain yield rice submergence

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Mathematical model of zika virus dynamics with vector control and sensitivity analysis

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2020年第1期5卷 23-41页

作者： Sudhanshu kumar Biswas Uttam ghosh Susmita Sarkar Department of Mathematics Sripat Singh CollegeMurshidabadWest BengalIndia Department of Applied Mathematics University of CalcuttaKolkataIndia

In this paper,we have developed and analyzed a deterministic Zika model considering both vector and sexual transmission route with the effect of human awareness and vector control in the absence of disease induce *** formulate the model,we assume that the Zika virus is being first transmitted to human by mosquito bite,and then it is being transmitted to his or her sexual *** system contains at most three equilibrium points among them one is the disease free and other two are endemic equilibrium points,exists under certain *** theoretical analysis shows that the diseases-free equilibrium is locally and globally asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction number is less than *** we have established that endemic equilibrium point which is locally asymptotically stable if the basic reproduction number is greater than *** system exhibits backward bifurcation when the transmission probability per biting of susceptible mosquito with infected humans crosses the critical *** estimate the model parameters and validate the model by fitting the model with the reported Zika infected human data from 1 to 36 week of 2016 Zika outbreak in ***,using the normalised forward sensitivity index method we have established that the model parameter mosquito biting rate,recruitment rate of mosquito,transmission probability per biting of Susceptible(infected)humans with infected(susceptible)mosquito,rate of awareness in host population,recovery rates of infected human are most sensitive parameters of the considered Zika ***,some conclusions are given to control the spreading of the Zika disease.

关键词： Zika virus Vector transmission Sexual transmission Basic reproduction number Stability analysis Backward bifurcation Sensitivity analysis

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Competition between axial anomaly and ferromagnetic ordering in Bi_(2-x)Fe_(x)Se_(3-x)S_(x) topological insulator:A study of magnetic and magnetotransport properties

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Journal of Materiomics 2022年第3期8卷 669-677页

作者： Rahul Singh Shiv kumar A.Jain Mahima Singh Labanya ghosh A.Singh Soma Banik A.Lakhani S.Patil E.F.Schwier K.Shimada S.M.Yusuf Sandip Chatterjee Solid State Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research CenterTrombayMumbai400085India Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center HiroshimaJapan Homi Bhabha National Institute AnushaktinagarMumbai400094India Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology(BHU)Varanasi221005India Synchrotrons Utilization Section Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced TechnologyIndore452013India UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research IndoreMadhya Pradesh452017India Department of CMP&MS Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchMumbai400005India

The topological insulators Bi_(2-x)Fe_(x)Se_(3-x)S_(x) have been investigated by the dc-magnetization,magnetotransport and angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES)*** doping of Fe and S,a negative giant magneto-resistance(MR)is observed for parallel electric and magnetic fields(H||E).The MR behavior at lower magnetic field can be explained with the semi-classical theory whereas the MR behavior at higher field has been attributed to the axial ***,the system reached to the quantum limit at low magnetic field(~4.5T).The magnetic ordering can be explained with the presence of both the RKKY(surface)and van-Vleck(bulk)*** ARPES study reveals that a surface gap is suppressed when the magnetic ordering changes from ferromagnetic to anti-ferromagnetic *** ARPES study and the appearance of quantum oscillations(SdH)in the resistivity pattern reveal that the topological surface property is preserved with the co-doping of Fe and S.

关键词： Spintronics Magnetoresistance Magnetism Topological insulators RKKY interaction ARPES study

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Role of antibiotic therapy in bacterial disease：A mathematical study

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2018年第3期11卷 131-154页

作者： Priti kumar Roy Yanhui Zhang Priyanka ghosh Joydeep Pals Fahad Al Basir Centre for Mathematical Biology and Ecology Department of Mathematics Jadavpur University Kolkata 700032 India Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 P. R. China Department of Zoology Visva-Bharati University Shantiniketan West Bengal 731235 India

Pathogenic bacteria in human system mature through the bio-synthesis of protective layer known as cell wall. This bacterial cell wall growth occurs in the presence of enzyme released by it. After maturation by the cell wall formation, pathogenic bacteria become harmful for human body as they are responsible for different diseases. Antibiotics or drugs are employed for curing bacterial diseases through the inhibition of this maturation process and it occurs by the binding progression of antibiotics with the released enzyme. But nowadays, drugs or antibiotics like β -lactum family (Amoxcillin) which are generally used for inhibition of bio-synthesis of cell wall become ineffective due to evolution of antibiotic resistance by the bacteria. Antibiotic resistance occurs when an antibiotic has lost its ability to effectively control or kill bacterial growth. As a result, the bacteria becomes “resistant” and continue to multiply for the generation of robust pathogenic bacteria in spite of drug administration. This is due to the release of another type of enzyme by the resistant bacteria which binds with the active antibiotic or drug making it ineffective. Hence, another type of drug (Clauvanic acid) is combined to resist the activity of drug hydrolyzing enzyme so that the initial drug can act effectively. Hence a combination of drug therapy is applied to cure the bacterial diseases successfully. We developed a mathematical model based on the bacterial enzyme and bacterial cell wall proliferation mechanism and showed how we can reduce the bacterial infection in the resistant cases with application of combination drugs (Amoxcillin and Clauvanic acid) to restore normal health. Based on the enzymatic activity and individual drug dynamics we studied the overall system under the single drug and combinational drug administration through our formulated model analysis. We also demonstrated the different dosing time interval and dosing concentration to evaluate the optimized drug ad

关键词：抗菌素治疗抗细菌疾病数学研究成熟过程数学模型模型分析时间间隔

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Effect of potassium on soil conservation and productivity of maize/cowpea based crop rotations in the north-west Indian Himalayas

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第4期13卷 754-762页

作者： Birendra Nath ghosh Om Pal Singh KHOLA Ranjan BHATTACHARYYA Kuldeep Singh DADHWAL Prasant kumar MISHRA ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation 218-Kaulagarh RoadDehradunUttarakhand-248195India CESCRA NRL BuildingICAR-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi 110012India

Plots under conservation tillage may require higher amount of potassium(K) application for augmenting productivity due to its stratification in upper soil layers, thereby reducing K supplying capacity in a medium or long-term period. To test this hypothesis, a field experiment was performed in 2002-2003 and 2006-2007 to study the effect of K and several crop rotations on yield, water productivity, carbon sequestration, grain quality, soil K status and economic benefits derived in maize(Zea mays L)/cowpea(Vigna sinensis L.) based cropping system under minimum tillage(MT). All crops recorded higher grain yield with a higher dose of K(120 kg K2 O ha-1) than recommended K(40 kg K2 O ha-1). The five years' average yield data showed that higher K application(120 kg K2 O ha-1) produced 16.4%(P<0.05)more maize equivalent yield. Cowpea based rotation yielded 14.2%(P<0.05) higher production than maize based rotation. The maximum enhancement was found in cowpea-mustard rotation. Relationship between yield and sustainable indices revealed that only agronomic efficiency of fertilizer input was significantly correlated with yield. Similarly, higherdoses of K application not only increased the water use efficiency(WUE) of all crops, but also reduced runoff and soil loss by 16.5% and 15.8% under maize and 23.3% and 19.7% under cowpea cover, respectively. This study also revealed that on an average 16.5% of left over carbon input contributed to soil organic carbon(SOC). Here, cowpea based rotation with the higher K application increased carbon sequestration in soil. Potassium fertilization also significantly improved the nutritional value of harvested grain by increasing the protein content for maize(by 9.5%) and cowpea(by 10.6%). The oil content in mustard increased by 5.0% and 6.0% after maize and cowpea, respectively. Net return also increased with the application of the higher K than recommended K and the trend was similar to yield. Hence, the present study demonstrated the pote

关键词：土壤钾素状况玉米产量喜马拉雅山作物轮作土壤保护生产力豇豆印度

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Elevation, Slope Aspect and Integrated Nutrient Management Effects on Crop Productivity and Soil Quality in North-west Himalayas, India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第5期11卷 1208-1217页

作者： Birendra Nath ghosh Narinder kumar SHARMA Nurnabi Meherul ALAM Raman Jeet SINGH Gopal Prasad JUYAL Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute 218 Kaulagarh Road Dehradun-248 195 Uttarakhand India

在农场简历资源上，再循环明确地与保存农业的介绍被给了更大的强调 withclimate 变化情形在西北 Himalaya 区域(NWHR ) 中间山。在这种变化情形，举起，斜坡方面和综合营养素下面，管理(INM ) 可以显著地影响土壤质量和庄稼生产率。研... 详细信息

在农场简历资源上，再循环明确地与保存农业的介绍被给了更大的强调 withclimate 变化情形在西北 Himalaya 区域(NWHR ) 中间山。在这种变化情形，举起，斜坡方面和综合营养素下面，管理(INM ) 可以显著地影响土壤质量和庄稼生产率。研究处于一个 rainfed 条件在 NWHR 的 Ashti 分水岭在 20092010 ～ 20102011 期间被进行在土壤资源和庄稼生产率上检验举起，斜坡方面和综合滋养的管理(INM ) 的影响。二年农场示范试用显示庄稼生产率和土壤质量被举起，斜坡方面和 INM 显著地影响。结果证明改进技术的小麦等价物产量(WEY ) 与常规系统相比由 20%37% 增加了庄稼生产率。与豇豆和大豆玉米杂种由另一 8%17% 提高了产量。诺思方面和更高的举起与南方方面和低举起相比由 15%25% 增加了庄稼生产率(除了稻) 。与豇豆和大豆玉米杂种由另一 8%15% 提高了产量。不管斜坡，举起和收割系统， WEY 由于 INM 技术在这个区域增加了 30% 。举起，斜坡方面和 INM 的影响显著地影响了土壤资源(SQI ) 和土壤碳变化(SCC ) 。 SCC 显著地与 SQI 被相关为常规( R 2 =0.65*)， INM 技术( R 2 =0.81*)并且为两种技术( R 2 =0.73*)。它被推荐那在更高的举起。(除了稻土壤) 与面对斜坡的北方， INM 为更高的庄稼生产率被推荐；土壤资源的保存为 NWHR 的中间的山被推荐；并且 SCC 的单个价值作为为这个区域的 SQI 适当。

关键词：喜马拉雅山区土壤质量低海拔西北部作物生产力管理养分坡度

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