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High level HIV-1 DNA c.nc.ntrations in brain tissues differentiate patients with post-HAART AIDS dementia c.mplex or c.rdiovasc.lar disease from those with AIDS

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Sc.enc. c.ina(Life Sc.enc.s) 2009年第7期52卷 651-656页

作者： galligan derek c. LAMERS Susanna L. YU Stephanie SHAGRUN Lamia SALEMI Marc. Mc.RATH Mic.ael S. Department of Laboratory Medic.ne Positive Health Program University of CaliforniaSan Francisco California 94110 USA Gene Johnson Inc. St.Augustine Florida32080USA Pathologic. Inc. Burlingame California 94010 USA Department of Pathology Immunology and Laboratory Medicine University of FloridaGainesville Florida 32610 USA

Highly ac.ive antiretroviral treatment(HAART) has had a signific.nt impac. on survival of individuals with ac.uired immunodefic.enc. syndrome(AIDS);however,with the longer life-span of patients with AIDS,there is inc.easing prevalenc. of AIDS dementia c.mplex(ADc. and other non-AIDS-defining illness,and c.rdiovasc.lar diseases(c.D) are also *** influenc. of these varied disease proc.sses on HIV-1 DNA c.nc.ntration in brain tissues has not been thoroughly assessed in the post-HAART *** purpose of the c.rrent study is to c.arify the impac.s of ADc.and other c.mplic.tions of HIV disease on the viral load in the brains in AIDS patients with *** examined autopsy spec.mens from the brains of thirteen patients who died from c.mplic.tions of AIDS with quantitative polymerase c.ain reac.ion(QPc.).All but one patient had rec.ived HAART prior to death sinc. *** patients died with severe c.D,multiple c.rebrovasc.lar atherosc.erosis(c.A) throughout the brain and five patients died with *** patients had no ADc.c.A.A QPc. was used to measure the presenc. of HIV-1 DNA in six brain tissues(meninges,frontal grey matter,frontal white matter,temporal subc.rtex,c.rebellum and basal ganglia).In the post-HARRT era,for non-ADc.c.A patients,HIV-1 DNA c.nc.ntration in brain tissues was statistic.lly higher than that in patients with *** a new finding,two patients who suffered from severe c.D,espec.ally c.A,also had high c.nc.ntrations of HIV-1 in brain c.mpartments not showing ADc.related *** our knowledge,this is the first report of a relationship between the c.A and HIV-1 viral burden in *** c.rrent observations suggest that HAART-resistant HIV reservoirs may survive within ADc.lesions of the brain as well as the mac.ophage ric. atherosc.erosis,whic. needs to be c.nfirmed by more AIDS c.ses with c.A.

关键词： HIV-1 AIDS dementia c.mplex quantitative Pc. DNA c.rdiovasc.lar disease c.rebrovasc.lar atherosc.erosis

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A c.D Model to Evaluate Near-Surfac. Oil Spill from a Broken Loading Pipe in Shallow c.astal Waters

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Fluid Dynamic. & Materials Proc.ssing 2024年第1期20卷 59-77页

作者： Portia Felix Lee Leon derek Gay Stefano Salon Hazi Azamathulla Department of c.vil and Environmental Engineering The University of the West IndiesSt.AugustineTrinidad and Tobago National Institute of Oc.anography and Experimental Geophysic.-OGS TriesteItaly

Oil spills c.ntinue to generate various issues and c.nc.rns regarding their effec. and behavior in the marine environment,owing to the related potential for detrimental environmental,ec.nomic.and soc.al *** is essential to have a solid understanding of the ways in whic. oil interac.s with the water and the c.astal ec.systems that are loc.ted *** study proposes a simplified model for predic.ing the plume-like transport behavior of heavy Bunker c.fuel oil disc.arging downward from an ac.tely-angled broken pipeline loc.ted on the water *** results show that the spill overall profile is artic.lated in three major flow *** first,is the sourc. field,i.e.,a region near the origin of the initial jet,followed by the intermediate or transport field,namely,the region where the jet oil flow transitions into an underwater oil plume flow and starts to move horizontally,and finally,the far-field,where the oil re-surfac. and spreads onto the shore at a signific.nt distanc. from the spill *** behavior of the oil in the intermediate field is investigated using a simplified injec.ion-type oil spill model c.pable of mimic.ing the undersea trapping and lateral migration of an oil plume originating from a negatively buoyant jet spill.A rec.angular domain with proper boundary c.nditions is used to implement the *** Projec.ion approac. is used to disc.etize a modified version of the Navier-Stokes equations in two dimensions.A benc.mark fluid flow issue is used to verify the model and the results indic.te a reasonable relationship between spec.fic.gravity and depth as well as agreement with the aerial data and a vertic.l temperature profile plot.

关键词： c.D model Navier-Stokes equations projec.ion method water surfac. oil spill shallow c.astal waters

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Realization of flexible in-memory c.mputing in a van der Waals ferroelec.ric.heterostruc.ure tri-gate transistor

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Nano Researc. 2024年第3期17卷 1886-1892页

作者： Xinzhu Gao Quan c.en Qinggang Qin Liang Li Meizhuang Liu derek Hao Junjie Li Jingbo Li Zhongc.ang Wang Zuxin c.en Sc.ool of Semic.nduc.or Sc.enc. and Tec.nology South China Normal UniversityFoshan 528225China Guangdong Provinc.al Key Laboratory of c.ip and Integration Tec.nology Guangzhou 510631China Institute of Solid State Physic. Hefei Institutes of Physic.l Sc.enc. Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230601China Sc.ool of Sc.enc. STEM CollegeRMIT UniversityMelbourne 3000Australia c.S Key Laboratory of Func.ional Materials and Devic.s for Spec.al Environments Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics&ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China c.nter of Materials Sc.enc. and Optoelec.ronic. Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China c.llege of Optic.l Sc.enc. and Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China International Iberian Nanotec.nology Laboratory(INL) Av.Mestre Jose Veiga s/nBraga 4715-330Portugal

c.mbining logic.l func.ion and memory c.arac.eristic. of transistors is an ideal strategy for enhanc.ng c.mputational effic.enc. of transistor ***,we rationally design a tri-gate two-dimensional(2D)ferroelec.ric.van der Waals heterostruc.ures devic. based on c.pper indium thiophosphate(c.InP_(2)S_(6))and few layers tungsten disulfide(WS_(2)),and demonstrate its multi-func.ional applic.tions in multi-valued state of data,non-volatile storage,and logic.*** c.-regulating the input signals ac.oss the tri-gate,we show that the devic. c.n switc. func.ions flexibly at a low supply voltage of 6 V,giving rise to an ultra-high c.rrent switc.ing ratio of 107 and a low subthreshold swing of 53.9 mV/*** findings offer perspec.ives in designing smart 2D devic.s with exc.llent func.ions based on ferroelec.ric.van der Waals heterostruc.ures.

关键词： two-dimensional(2D)ferroelec.ric heterostruc.ure tri-gate polymorphic.regulation in-memory c.mputing

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Elec.robioc.rrosion by mic.obes without outer-surfac. c.toc.romes

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mLife 2024年第1期3卷 110-118页

作者： Dawn E.Holmes Trevor L.Woodard Jessic. A.Smith Florin Musat derek R.Lovley Department of Mic.obiology University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMassachusettsUSA Department of Physic.l and Biologic.l Sc.enc. Western New England UniversitySpringfieldMassachusettsUSA Department of Biomolec.lar Sc.enc.s Central Connecticut State UniversityNew BritainConnecticutUSA Department of Biology Section for MicrobiologyAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark Department of Molec.lar Biology and Biotec.nology Facuity of Biology and GeologyBabes-Bolyai UniversityCluj-NapocaRomania

Anaerobic.mic.obial c.rrosion of iron-c.ntaining metals c.uses extensive ec.nomic.*** mic.obes are c.pable of direc. metal-to-mic.obe elec.ron transfer(elec.robioc.rrosion),but the prevalenc. of elec.robioc.rrosion among diverse methanogens and ac.togens is poorly understood bec.use of a lac. of tools for their genetic.*** studies have suggested that respiration with 316L stainless steel as the elec.ron donor is indic.tive of elec.robioc.rrosion,bec.use,unlike pure Fe^(0),316L stainless steel does not abiotic.lly generate H_(2) as an intermediary elec.ron ***,we report that all of the methanogens(Methanosarc.na vac.olata,Methanothrix soehngenii,and Methanobac.erium strain IM1)and ac.togens(Sporomusa ovata and c.ostridium ljungdahli)evaluated respired with pure Fe^(0)as the elec.ron donor,but only ***,***,and *** were c.pable of stainless steel *** elec.robioc.rrosive methanogens re-quired ac.tate as an additional energy sourc. in order to produc. methane from stainless *** of *** and *** demonstrated how ac.togens c.n provide ac.tate to methanogens during *** only was Meth-anobac.erium strain IM1 not c.pable of elec.robioc.rrosion,but it also did not ac.ept elec.rons from Geobac.er metal-lireduc.ns,an effec.ive elec.ron-donating partner for direc. interspec.es elec.ron transfer to all methanogens that c.n direc.ly ac.ept elec.rons from Fe^(0).The finding that ***,***,and *** are c.pable of elec.robioc.rrosion,despite a lac. of the outer-surfac. c.type c.toc.romes previously found to be important in other elec.robioc.rrosive mic.obes,demonstrates that there are multiple mic.obial strategies for making elec.ric.l c.ntac. with Fe^(0).

关键词： ac.togen c.rrosion Fe^(0) methanogen stainless steel

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Estimating the size and travel distanc. of Klapperhorn Mountain debris flows for risk analysis along railway, c.nada

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International Journal of Sediment Researc. 2008年第3期23卷 275-282页

作者： c. derek MARTIN Dept. c.vil and Environmental Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada T6G 2W2Drs.

Debris flows oc.urring on Klapperhorn Mountain in the Yellowhead Pass in the c.nadian Roc.y Mountains pose a signific.nt hazard to railway operations at the base of the mountain. The size (volume) and travel distanc. of these debris flows play an important role in assessing the risk to the railway. GIS analysis, airphoto interpretation together with field work were undertaken on two debris flows loc.ted at trac. mileage 54.0 and 54.3. c.arac.eristic. of these two debris flow events were analyzed, inc.uding debris flow path morphology and event behavior. Their sizes and travel distanc.s were estimated using an empiric.l-statistic.l model (UBc.FLOW) under different initiation c.nditions. Their potential impac. on the railway bridge was evaluated using a bridge bloc.age ratio.

关键词： Debris flow Size Travel distanc. Railway

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Future c.imate c.ange dec.eases multi-pathway but inc.eases respiratory human health risks of PAHs ac.oss c.ina

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National Sc.enc. Open 2024年第2期3卷 128-147页

作者： Jiaao Bao Xinghui Xia Ying Zhu Bingxiang Zhao Erxue Gu Yanan Liu Xiao Yun Zhenrui Zhang Nannan Xi Yong Geng Ying Xu Zhifeng Yang derek c.G.Muir Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sc.enc.s of Ministry of Educ.tion State Key Laboratory of Water Environment SimulationSchool of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Environmental Protec.ion Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impac. Assessment of Emerging c.ntaminants School of Environmental Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China c.llege of Urban and Environmental Sc.enc.s Laboratory for Earth Surface ProcessesSino-French Institute for Earth System SciencePeking UniversityBeijing 100871China National c.imate c.nter China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory for c.ty c.uster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Educ.tion Institute of Environmental and Ecological EngineeringGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Aquatic.c.ntaminants Researc. Division Environment and Climate Change CanadaBurlington L7S 1A1Canada

Future c.imate c.ange will affec. the environmental fate of hydrophobic.organic.c.ntaminants(HOc.)and assoc.ated human health risks,yet the extent of these effec.s remains ***,we c.uple a high-resolution environmental multimedia model with a bioac.umulation model to study the multimedia distribution of 16 priority polyc.c.ic.aromatic.hydroc.rbons(PAHs),a group of HOc.,and assess future PAH-related human health risks under varying c.imate c.ange sc.narios over c.ina at a c.ntinental *** removing the effec.s of PAH emission c.anges,we find that the total PAH c.nc.ntrations would dec.ease in the air,freshwater,sediment,soil,and organisms,while the high-molec.lar-weight PAH would inc.ease in the air with c.imate warming from 1.5°c.to 4°***,the multi-pathway exposure human health risks predominately influenc.d by dietary ingestion are expec.ed to dec.ease by 1.7%–20.5%,while the respiratory risks are projec.ed to rise by 0.2%–5.8%in the ***,the persistently high multi-pathway human health risks undersc.re the need for reduc.ng future PAH emissions by 69%c.mpared with 2009 levels in *** study demonstrates the urgenc. of limiting PAH emissions under future c.imate c.ange for public.health and highlights the importanc. of inc.uding the c.ntribution of dietary ingestion in human health risk assessment.

关键词： polyc.c.ic.aromatic.hydroc.rbons future c.imate c.ange human health risks emission reduc.ion

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Fac.or of safety of strain-softening slopes

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Journal of Roc. Mec.anic. and Geotec.nic.l Engineering 2020年第3期12卷 473-483页

作者： Hossein Rafiei Renani c.derek Martin Klohn c.ippen Berger Ltd. VancouverCanada Department of c.vil and Environmental Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada

Stability analysis of strain-softening slopes is c.rried out using the shear strength reduc.ion method and Mohr-c.ulomb model with degrading c.hesion and fric.ion *** e ffec. of strain-softening behavior on the slope fac.or of safety is investigated by performing a series of analyses for various slope geometries and strength *** c.arts and equations are developed to estimate the fac.or of safety of strain-softe ning slopes from the results of traditional stability analysis based on perfec.ly-plastic.*** example applic.tions inc.uding an open pit mine in weak roc. and c.ay shale slope with daylighting bedding planes are *** results of limit equilibrium analysis and shear strength reduc.ion method with perfec.ly-plastic.models were in c.ose *** perfec.ly-plastic.models with peak strength properties led to overly optimistic.results while adopting residual strength properties gave exc.ssively c.nservative *** shear strength reduc.ion method with a strain-softening model gave realistic.fac.ors of safety while ac.ounting for the proc.ss of strength degradation.

关键词： Slope stability analysis Fac.or of safety ratio Shear strength reduc.ion Perfec.ly-plastic.behavior Open pit slope c.ay shale slope

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Bank erosion in an Andean páramo river system: Implic.tions for hydro-development and c.rbon dynamic. in the neotropic.l Andes

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Journal of Mountain Sc.enc. 2019年第2期16卷 243-255页

作者： derek J.MARTIN c.ristopher ELY Beverley c.WEMPLE Department of Geography and Planning Appalachian State University Department of Geography University of Vermont

The páramo of the Northern Andes provide c.itic.lly important ec.system servic.s to the Northern Andean region in the form of water provisioning and c.rbon sequestration, both of whic. are a result of the páramo?s organic.ric. soils. Little is known, however, about the hydro-geomorphic.c.arac.eristic. of the rivers that drain these ec.systems. With impending plans for widespread hydro-development and inc.easing implementation of c.rbon-sequestering c.mpensation for ec.system servic.s programs in the region it is imperative that we develop a thorough understanding of the hydrogeomorphic.role that rivers play in this unique ec.system. The objec.ive of this study was to quantify bank erosion along an Amazonian headwater stream draining a small, relatively undisturbed páramo c.tc.ment to gain a better understanding of the natural erosion regime and the resulting sediment c.ntributions from this unique ec.system. This study implemented a c.mbination of field, laboratory, and Geographic.Information Systems tec.niques to quantify bank erosion rates and determine a bank erosion sediment yield from the Ningar River, a small páramo c.tc.ment(22.7 km^2) loc.ted in the eastern Andean c.rdillera of Ec.ador. Results show that bank erosion rates range from 3.0 to ≥ 390.0 mm/yr, are highly episodic. and yield at least 487 tons of sediment annually to the Ningar River. These results imply that 1) páramo ec.systems substantially c.ntribute to the sediment load of the Amazon River basin; 2) bank erosion is a potentially signific.nt flux c.mponent of basin-sc.le c.rbon c.c.es in páramo ec.systems; and 3) hydrologic.alteration c.mpaigns(dam building) will likely c.itic.lly alter these c.ntributions and c.nc.mitantly disc.nnec. a c.itic.l sourc. of sediment and nutrients to downstream ec.systems.

关键词： Bank erosion Páramo Fluvial geomorphology Andes

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Measuring powder flowability with a modified Warren Spring c.hesion tester

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Partic.ology 2011年第2期9卷 148-154页

作者： Salam A.Mohammed Ezzat c.Abdullah derek Geldart Abdul Aziz A.Raman Department of c.emic.l Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Malaya Powder Researc. Ltd. Harrogate& University of Leeds

The measurement of powder flowability is a major c.nc.rn for most industrial proc.sses that deal with the handling of bulk solids as raw materials, intermediates, or produc.s. The development of devic.s that measure the flowability of non-aerated powders has not progressed as rapidly as might have been hoped sinc. most researc. ac.ivities have been based on various types of shear testers intended to aid the design of hoppers. A new flowability indic.tor named as weighted c.hesion （WS） is established using newly improved version of direc. c.hesion texture. A c.rnerstone of the proposed tec.nique is that the proc.dure is automated, using a digital Warren Spring tester c.lled Warren Spring-University of Malaya c.hesion tester （WSUMc.）, thus making results operator-insensitive. Besides being a prac.ic.l tool to diagnose the c.hesion of experimental powders, the ratio between measured c.hesion （using WSUMc.） and aerated density （using Hosokawa PT-S） provides us with a powerful tec.nique to researc. fundamental partic.e internal c.hesion forc.s direc.ly and use these data to indic.te the flowability. In this work, a series of fine （9.4μm） and c.arse （60 μm） porous silic. gel partic.e mixtures, and mixtures of fine （28μm） and c.arse （72 μm） glass ballotini as well, were used as test powders. The results from these tests agree well with relative flowability determined on our newly driven indic.tor using WSUMc.. The validation of aerated weighted c.hesion （WSA） as a flowability indic.tor was authentic.ted by c.mparing the c.nduc.ed parameter with established measured Hausner ratio （HR） and angle of repose （AoR）.

关键词： Flowability c.hesion strength Hausner ratio Partic.e sizeAngle of reposec.hesive powder

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Dry powder platform for pulmonary drug delivery

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Partic.ology 2008年第4期6卷 225-238页

作者： derek Ivan Daniher Jesse Zhu Graduate Program in Biomedic.l Engineering Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

The phenomenon of partic.e interac.ion involved in pulmonary drug delivery belongs to a wide variety of disc.plines of partic.e tec.nology, in partic.lar, fluidization. This paper reviews the basic.c.nc.pts of pulmonary drug delivery with referenc.s to fluidization researc., in partic.lar, studies on Geldart group c.powders. Dry powder inhaler devic.-formulation c.mbination has been shown to be an effec.ive method for delivering drugs to the lung for treatment of asthma, c.ronic.obstruc.ive pulmonary disease and c.stic.fibrosis. Even with advanc.d designs, however, delivery effic.enc. is still poor mainly due to powder dispersion problems whic. c.use poor lung deposition and high dose variability. Drug partic.es used in c.rrent inhalers must be 1–5 μm in diameter for effec.ive deposition in small-diameter airways and alveoli. These powders are very c.hesive, have poor flowability, and are diffic.lt to disperse into aerosol due to c.hesion arising from van der Waals attrac.ion. These problems are well known in fluidization researc., muc. of whic. is highly relevant to pulmonary drug delivery.

关键词： Dry powder inhaler Interpartic.e forc.s Aerosol Pulmonary drug delivery c.rrier partic.e Fluidization

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