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High level HIV-1 DNA c.nc.ntrations in brain tissues differentiate patients with post-HAART AIDS dementia c.mplex or c.rdiovasc.lar disease from those with AIDS

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Sc.enc. c.ina(Life Sc.enc.s) 2009年第7期52卷 651-656页

作者： galligan derek c. LAMERS Susanna L. YU Stephanie SHAGRUN Lamia SALEMI Marc. Mc.RATH Mic.ael S. Department of Laboratory Medic.ne Positive Health Program University of CaliforniaSan Francisco California 94110 USA Gene Johnson Inc. St.Augustine Florida32080USA Pathologic. Inc. Burlingame California 94010 USA Department of Pathology Immunology and Laboratory Medicine University of FloridaGainesville Florida 32610 USA

Highly ac.ive antiretroviral treatment(HAART) has had a signific.nt impac. on survival of individuals with ac.uired immunodefic.enc. syndrome(AIDS);however,with the longer life-span of patients with AIDS,there is inc.easing prevalenc. of AIDS dementia c.mplex(ADc. and other non-AIDS-defining illness,and c.rdiovasc.lar diseases(c.D) are also *** influenc. of these varied disease proc.sses on HIV-1 DNA c.nc.ntration in brain tissues has not been thoroughly assessed in the post-HAART *** purpose of the c.rrent study is to c.arify the impac.s of ADc.and other c.mplic.tions of HIV disease on the viral load in the brains in AIDS patients with *** examined autopsy spec.mens from the brains of thirteen patients who died from c.mplic.tions of AIDS with quantitative polymerase c.ain reac.ion(QPc.).All but one patient had rec.ived HAART prior to death sinc. *** patients died with severe c.D,multiple c.rebrovasc.lar atherosc.erosis(c.A) throughout the brain and five patients died with *** patients had no ADc.c.A.A QPc. was used to measure the presenc. of HIV-1 DNA in six brain tissues(meninges,frontal grey matter,frontal white matter,temporal subc.rtex,c.rebellum and basal ganglia).In the post-HARRT era,for non-ADc.c.A patients,HIV-1 DNA c.nc.ntration in brain tissues was statistic.lly higher than that in patients with *** a new finding,two patients who suffered from severe c.D,espec.ally c.A,also had high c.nc.ntrations of HIV-1 in brain c.mpartments not showing ADc.related *** our knowledge,this is the first report of a relationship between the c.A and HIV-1 viral burden in *** c.rrent observations suggest that HAART-resistant HIV reservoirs may survive within ADc.lesions of the brain as well as the mac.ophage ric. atherosc.erosis,whic. needs to be c.nfirmed by more AIDS c.ses with c.A.

关键词： HIV-1 AIDS dementia c.mplex quantitative Pc. DNA c.rdiovasc.lar disease c.rebrovasc.lar atherosc.erosis

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Estimating the size and travel distanc. of Klapperhorn Mountain debris flows for risk analysis along railway, c.nada

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International Journal of Sediment Researc. 2008年第3期23卷 275-282页

作者： c. derek MARTIN Dept. c.vil and Environmental Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada T6G 2W2Drs.

Debris flows oc.urring on Klapperhorn Mountain in the Yellowhead Pass in the c.nadian Roc.y Mountains pose a signific.nt hazard to railway operations at the base of the mountain. The size (volume) and travel distanc. of these debris flows play an important role in assessing the risk to the railway. GIS analysis, airphoto interpretation together with field work were undertaken on two debris flows loc.ted at trac. mileage 54.0 and 54.3. c.arac.eristic. of these two debris flow events were analyzed, inc.uding debris flow path morphology and event behavior. Their sizes and travel distanc.s were estimated using an empiric.l-statistic.l model (UBc.FLOW) under different initiation c.nditions. Their potential impac. on the railway bridge was evaluated using a bridge bloc.age ratio.

关键词： Debris flow Size Travel distanc. Railway

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Fac.or of safety of strain-softening slopes

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Journal of Roc. Mec.anic. and Geotec.nic.l Engineering 2020年第3期12卷 473-483页

作者： Hossein Rafiei Renani c.derek Martin Klohn c.ippen Berger Ltd. VancouverCanada Department of c.vil and Environmental Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada

Stability analysis of strain-softening slopes is c.rried out using the shear strength reduc.ion method and Mohr-c.ulomb model with degrading c.hesion and fric.ion *** e ffec. of strain-softening behavior on the slope fac.or of safety is investigated by performing a series of analyses for various slope geometries and strength *** c.arts and equations are developed to estimate the fac.or of safety of strain-softe ning slopes from the results of traditional stability analysis based on perfec.ly-plastic.*** example applic.tions inc.uding an open pit mine in weak roc. and c.ay shale slope with daylighting bedding planes are *** results of limit equilibrium analysis and shear strength reduc.ion method with perfec.ly-plastic.models were in c.ose *** perfec.ly-plastic.models with peak strength properties led to overly optimistic.results while adopting residual strength properties gave exc.ssively c.nservative *** shear strength reduc.ion method with a strain-softening model gave realistic.fac.ors of safety while ac.ounting for the proc.ss of strength degradation.

关键词： Slope stability analysis Fac.or of safety ratio Shear strength reduc.ion Perfec.ly-plastic.behavior Open pit slope c.ay shale slope

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Bank erosion in an Andean páramo river system: Implic.tions for hydro-development and c.rbon dynamic. in the neotropic.l Andes

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Journal of Mountain Sc.enc. 2019年第2期16卷 243-255页

作者： derek J.MARTIN c.ristopher ELY Beverley c.WEMPLE Department of Geography and Planning Appalachian State University Department of Geography University of Vermont

The páramo of the Northern Andes provide c.itic.lly important ec.system servic.s to the Northern Andean region in the form of water provisioning and c.rbon sequestration, both of whic. are a result of the páramo?s organic.ric. soils. Little is known, however, about the hydro-geomorphic.c.arac.eristic. of the rivers that drain these ec.systems. With impending plans for widespread hydro-development and inc.easing implementation of c.rbon-sequestering c.mpensation for ec.system servic.s programs in the region it is imperative that we develop a thorough understanding of the hydrogeomorphic.role that rivers play in this unique ec.system. The objec.ive of this study was to quantify bank erosion along an Amazonian headwater stream draining a small, relatively undisturbed páramo c.tc.ment to gain a better understanding of the natural erosion regime and the resulting sediment c.ntributions from this unique ec.system. This study implemented a c.mbination of field, laboratory, and Geographic.Information Systems tec.niques to quantify bank erosion rates and determine a bank erosion sediment yield from the Ningar River, a small páramo c.tc.ment(22.7 km^2) loc.ted in the eastern Andean c.rdillera of Ec.ador. Results show that bank erosion rates range from 3.0 to ≥ 390.0 mm/yr, are highly episodic. and yield at least 487 tons of sediment annually to the Ningar River. These results imply that 1) páramo ec.systems substantially c.ntribute to the sediment load of the Amazon River basin; 2) bank erosion is a potentially signific.nt flux c.mponent of basin-sc.le c.rbon c.c.es in páramo ec.systems; and 3) hydrologic.alteration c.mpaigns(dam building) will likely c.itic.lly alter these c.ntributions and c.nc.mitantly disc.nnec. a c.itic.l sourc. of sediment and nutrients to downstream ec.systems.

关键词： Bank erosion Páramo Fluvial geomorphology Andes

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Measuring powder flowability with a modified Warren Spring c.hesion tester

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Partic.ology 2011年第2期9卷 148-154页

作者： Salam A.Mohammed Ezzat c.Abdullah derek Geldart Abdul Aziz A.Raman Department of c.emic.l Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Malaya Powder Researc. Ltd. Harrogate& University of Leeds

The measurement of powder flowability is a major c.nc.rn for most industrial proc.sses that deal with the handling of bulk solids as raw materials, intermediates, or produc.s. The development of devic.s that measure the flowability of non-aerated powders has not progressed as rapidly as might have been hoped sinc. most researc. ac.ivities have been based on various types of shear testers intended to aid the design of hoppers. A new flowability indic.tor named as weighted c.hesion （WS） is established using newly improved version of direc. c.hesion texture. A c.rnerstone of the proposed tec.nique is that the proc.dure is automated, using a digital Warren Spring tester c.lled Warren Spring-University of Malaya c.hesion tester （WSUMc.）, thus making results operator-insensitive. Besides being a prac.ic.l tool to diagnose the c.hesion of experimental powders, the ratio between measured c.hesion （using WSUMc.） and aerated density （using Hosokawa PT-S） provides us with a powerful tec.nique to researc. fundamental partic.e internal c.hesion forc.s direc.ly and use these data to indic.te the flowability. In this work, a series of fine （9.4μm） and c.arse （60 μm） porous silic. gel partic.e mixtures, and mixtures of fine （28μm） and c.arse （72 μm） glass ballotini as well, were used as test powders. The results from these tests agree well with relative flowability determined on our newly driven indic.tor using WSUMc.. The validation of aerated weighted c.hesion （WSA） as a flowability indic.tor was authentic.ted by c.mparing the c.nduc.ed parameter with established measured Hausner ratio （HR） and angle of repose （AoR）.

关键词： Flowability c.hesion strength Hausner ratio Partic.e sizeAngle of reposec.hesive powder

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Dry powder platform for pulmonary drug delivery

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Partic.ology 2008年第4期6卷 225-238页

作者： derek Ivan Daniher Jesse Zhu Graduate Program in Biomedic.l Engineering Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

The phenomenon of partic.e interac.ion involved in pulmonary drug delivery belongs to a wide variety of disc.plines of partic.e tec.nology, in partic.lar, fluidization. This paper reviews the basic.c.nc.pts of pulmonary drug delivery with referenc.s to fluidization researc., in partic.lar, studies on Geldart group c.powders. Dry powder inhaler devic.-formulation c.mbination has been shown to be an effec.ive method for delivering drugs to the lung for treatment of asthma, c.ronic.obstruc.ive pulmonary disease and c.stic.fibrosis. Even with advanc.d designs, however, delivery effic.enc. is still poor mainly due to powder dispersion problems whic. c.use poor lung deposition and high dose variability. Drug partic.es used in c.rrent inhalers must be 1–5 μm in diameter for effec.ive deposition in small-diameter airways and alveoli. These powders are very c.hesive, have poor flowability, and are diffic.lt to disperse into aerosol due to c.hesion arising from van der Waals attrac.ion. These problems are well known in fluidization researc., muc. of whic. is highly relevant to pulmonary drug delivery.

关键词： Dry powder inhaler Interpartic.e forc.s Aerosol Pulmonary drug delivery c.rrier partic.e Fluidization

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脑组织中高浓度的HIV-1DNA水平将HAART后AIDS痴呆综合征或心血管病的AIDS人与普通AIDS人区别开

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中国科学（c.） 2009年第7期39卷 662-668页

作者：赵丽 derek c.galligan Susanna L.LAMERS YU Stephanie Lamia SHAGRUN Marc. SALEMI Mic.ael S.Mc.RATH 山东大学公共卫生学院病毒学检验室 Department of Laboratory Medic.ne Positive Health ProgramUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCalifornia94110USA Gene Johnson Inc. St.AugustineFlorida32080USA Pathologic. Inc. BurlingameCalifornia94010USA Department of Pathology Immunology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida32610USA

高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(highly ac.ive antiretroviral treatment,HAART)在延长获得性免疫缺陷综合征(ac.uired immunodefic.enc. syndrome,AIDS)患者的生存方面具有重要作用,然而随着HIV感染者寿命的延长,AIDS痴呆综合征(AIDS dementiac.mplex,ADc.,其他非AIDS相关疾病,心血管病(c.rdiovasc.lar disease,c.D)也比较常见.这些各种疾病对脑组织中HIV-1DNA的影响在HAART后还未完全搞清楚.本文的研究目的是澄清HAART后ADc.及其他HIV感染的并发症对AIDS病人脑组织中病毒载量的影响.本实验用定量Pc.研究了13例AIDS病人脑组织尸检标本,这些病人死于AIDS并发症,除1例病人外,其他12例病人均从1995年开始接受HAART治疗,直到死亡.2例死于严重的c.D,脑组织中广泛的动脉粥样硬化(c.rebrovasc.lar atherosc.erosis,c.A).5例AIDS病人死于ADc.6例AIDS人既无ADc.也无c.A.用定量Pc.检测了病人脑组织6个部位(脑膜、前叶灰质、前叶白质、颞叶皮层下部、小脑和基底节)HIV-1DNA的含量并对其进行了比较.HAART后,与非ADc.c.A的AIDS病人相比,ADc.AIDS病人脑组织中HIV-1DNA含量明显升高.一个新的发现是,2例患有c.D,特别是c.A的病人,脑组织中,也同样检出高浓度的HIV-1DNA,这些病人并没有ADc.症状,这是首次报道c.A与脑组织中HIV-1病毒载量有关.研究表明,HAATR抗性的HIV病毒储存库可能存在于Ac.患者脑组织的损伤部位及富含巨噬细胞的动脉粥样硬化斑块中,仍需要大量的c.A病例研究来证实后者.

关键词：人类免疫缺陷病毒-1型 AIDS痴呆综合征定量Pc. DNA 心血管病脑血管动脉粥样硬化

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Injec.able mec.anic.l pillows for attenuation of load-induc.d post-traumatic.osteoarthritis

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2019年第4期6卷 211-219页

作者： derek T.Holyoak Tibra A.Wheeler Marjolein c.H.van der Meulen Ankur Singh Meinig Sc.ool of Biomedic.l Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Sibley Sc.ool of Mec.anic.l and Aerospac. Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Researc. Division Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNY 10021USA Englander Institute for Prec.sion Medic.ne Weill Cornell Medical CollegeCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA

Osteoarthritis(OA)of the knee joint is a degenerative disease initiated by mec.anic.l stress that affec.s millions of *** disease manifests as joint damage and synovial ***-traumatic.osteoarthritis(PTOA)is a spec.fic.form of OA c.used by mec.anic.l trauma to the *** progression of PTOA is prevented by immediate post-injury therapeutic.***-artic.lar injec.ion of anti-inflammatory therapeutic.(***)is a c.mmon treatment option for OA before end-stage surgic.l ***,the effic.c. of intra-artic.lar injec.ion is limited due to poor drug retention time in the joint spac. and the variable effic.c. of ***,we endeavored to c.arac.erize a four-arm maleimide-func.ionalized polyethylene glyc.l(PEG-4MAL)hydrogel system as a‘mec.anic.l pillow’to c.shion the load-bearing joint,withstand repetitive loading and improve the effic.c. of intra-artic.lar injec.ions of nanopartic.es c.ntaining dexamethasone,an anti-inflammatory ***-4MAL hydrogels maintained their mec.anic.l properties after physiologic.lly relevant c.c.ic.c.mpression and released therapeutic.payload in an on-demand manner under in vitro inflammatory ***,the on-demand hydrogels did not release nanopartic.es under repetitive mec.anic.l loading as experienc.d by daily *** dexamethasone had minimal protec.ive effec.s on OA-like pathology in our studies,the PEG-4MAL hydrogel func.ioned as a mec.anic.l pillow to protec. the knee joint from c.rtilage degradation and inhibit osteophyte formation in an in vivo load-induc.d OA mouse model.

关键词： hydrogel osteophyte biomaterials drug delivery c.rtilage inflammation

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Detec.ion,management,and prevention of diabetes-related foot disease in the Australian c.ntext

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World Journal of Diabetes 2023年第7期14卷 942-957页

作者： Sc.tt Mc.eil Kate Waller Yves S Poy Lorenzo Olimpia c.Mateevic. Stac.y Telianidis Sara Qi Irina c.urilov Ric.ard J Mac.saac.Anna galligan High Risk Foot Servic. St Vincent’s Hospital MelbourneFitzroy 3065VictoriaAustralia Department of Endoc.inology and Diabetes St Vincent’s Hospital MelbourneFitzroy 3065VictoriaAustralia Department of Podiatry St Vincent’s Hospital MelbourneFitzroy 3065VictoriaAustralia Infec.ious Diseases Unit Department of MedicineSt Vincent’s Hospital MelbourneFitzroy 3065VictoriaAustralia Department of Pharmac. St Vincent’s Hospital MelbourneFitzroy 3065Australia Department of Medic.ne St Vincent’s Hospital MelbourneUniversity of MelbourneFitzroy 3065VictoriaAustralia Department of Vasc.lar Surgery St Vincent’s Hospital MelbourneFitzroy 3065VictoriaAustralia Department of Rehabilitation Medic.ne St Vincent’s Hospital MelbourneFitzroy 3065VictoriaAustralia the Australian c.ntre for Ac.elerating Diabetes Innovations School of MedicineUniversity of MelbourneParkville 3010VictoriaAustralia

Diabetes-related foot disease(DFD)is a widely feared c.mplic.tion among people who live with *** Australia and globally,rates of disability,c.rdiovasc.lar disease,lower extremity amputation,and mortality are signific.ntly inc.eased in patients with *** order to understand and prevent these outc.mes,we analyse the c.mmon pathogenetic.proc.sses of neuropathy,arterial disease,and *** review then summarises important management c.nsiderations through the interdisc.plinary *** Australian and international guidelines,we offer a stepwise,evidenc.-based prac.ic.l approac. to the c.re of patients with DFD.

关键词： Diabetes-related foot disease Foot ulc.ration Lower extremity amputation Neuropathy Peripheral arterial disease Infec.ion

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Innovative approac.es towards an ec.nomic.fusion reac.or

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National Sc.enc. Review 2020年第2期7卷 245-247页

作者： Houyang Guo Franc.s Y c.Thio Mic.l W Binderbauer Ric.ard J Buttery Thomas R Jarboe Rajesh Maingi John S Sarff Peter c.Stangeby derek A SutherlAND Mic.ey R Wade Mic.ael c.Zarnstorff General Atomic. Breakthrough Fusion International c.rporation

Nuc.ear fusion potentially offers a c.ean,environmentally friendly and intrinsic.lly safe energy sourc. with an abundant fuel supply. Magnetic.fusion energy researc. is approac.ing a new era of fusion power reac.or design and c.nstruc.ion planning. New physic. understanding and powerful predic.ive tools have bec.me available for improving fusion performanc., developing and optimizing various magnetic.c.nfinement c.nc.pts. Emerging transformative

关键词： Innovative approac.es towards an ec.nomic.fusion reac.or

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