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青岛城区露水形成的影响因素及其产量评估模型研究

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中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版） 2024年第7期54卷 89-98页

作者：王洪坤贾世杰王仁政高会旺中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院山东青岛266100 中国海洋大学海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室山东青岛266100

露水是中国北方春秋季常见的天气现象,但其形成条件和产量存在明显的区域差异。本文基于2021年春季和秋季在青岛城区采集的露水样品,探讨了气象因素和下垫面基质对露水发生及其产量的影响,并构建了露水产量定量估算的统计模型和神经网... 详细信息

露水是中国北方春秋季常见的天气现象,但其形成条件和产量存在明显的区域差异。本文基于2021年春季和秋季在青岛城区采集的露水样品,探讨了气象因素和下垫面基质对露水发生及其产量的影响,并构建了露水产量定量估算的统计模型和神经网络模型。结果表明:弱风(<4 m/s)、较高的相对湿度(≥50%)、适宜的温差(1~7℃)以及南风和东南风是青岛城区露水凝结的有利条件。其中,相对湿度和温度是影响露水产量的最主要因素。不同下垫面的辐射冷却强度存在差异,导致了露水凝结产量的不同,玻璃表面的露水产量比土壤表面高约34%,而粉粒土壤表面的露水产量相较于砂粒土壤表面高约13%。使用多元线性回归分析和人工神经网络方法对青岛城区的露水产量进行了评估,两种方法均表现出较好的模拟效果(R2分别为0.73和0.78)。

关键词：露水气象条件下垫面露水产量评估模型

Dry deposition of PM_(10) over the Yellow Sea during Asian dust events from 2001 to 2007

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第1期26卷 54-64页

作者： Han Yan Xiaohuan Liu Jianhua Qi huiwang gao Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology Ocean University of China Ministry of Education of China National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center

Dry deposition velocities and fluxes of PM10 during Asian dust events over the Yellow Sea from 2001 to 2007 were investigated using observation data in Qingdao, China and Jeju, Korea. The dry deposition velocities of PM 10 during dust events over the Yellow Sea ranged from 0.19 to 8.17 cm/sec, with an average of 3.38 cm/sec. Dry deposition fluxes of PM10 during dust events over the Yellow Sea were in the range of 68.5-2647.1 mg/（***）, with an average of 545.4 mg/（***）, which is 2-10 times higher than those reported by other studies for both dust and non-dust periods. It was estimated that 2.6× 10^11-48.7 × 10^11 g dust particles deposit to the Yellow Sea during dust events through dry deposition every year. Compared with the results in previous studies, it was found that the dry deposition of PM10 over the Yellow Sea during dust events in the years with high frequency of dust could account for a large or overwhelming fraction of the annual total dry deposition. Backward air mass trajectory analysis showed that dust events influenced Jeju mainly originated from the desert regions located in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia, China. There were 119 backward trajectories influenced both Qingdao and Jeju during 15 dust events from 2001 to 2007, accounting for 61.3% of the total trajectories of 194, indicating that Qingdao and Jeju were usually on the same pathway of dust transport downwind from source areas.

关键词： Asian dust the Yellow Sea dry deposition fluxes backward trajectory analysis

Modeling Seasonal Variations of Subsurface Chlorophyll Maximum in South China Sea

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2014年第4期13卷 561-571页

作者： GONG Xiang SHI Jie gao huiwang Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology Ocean University of China

In the South China Sea(SCS), the subsurface chlorophyll maximum(SCM) is frequently observed while the mechanisms of SCM occurrence have not been well understood. In this study, a 1-D physical-biochemical coupled model was used to study the seasonal variations of vertical profiles of chlorophyll-a(Chl-a) in the SCS. Three parameters(i.e., SCM layer(SCML) depth, thickness, and intensity) were defined to characterize the vertical distribution of Chl-a in SCML and were obtained by fitting the vertical profile of Chl-a in the subsurface layer using a Gaussian function. The seasonal variations of SCMs are reproduced reasonably well compared to the observations. The annual averages of SCML depth, thickness, and intensity are 75 ± 10 m, 31 ± 6.7 m, and 0.37 ± 0.11 mg m-3, respectively. A thick, close to surface SCML together with a higher intensity occurs during the northeastern monsoon. Both the SCML thickness and intensity are sensitive to the changes of surface wind speed in winter and summer, but the surface wind speed exerts a minor influence on the SCML depth; for example, double strengthening of the southwestern monsoon in summer can lead to the thickening of SCML by 46%, the intensity decreasing by 30%, and the shoaling by 6%. This is because part of nutrients are pumped from the upper nutricline to the surface mixed layer by strong vertical mixing. Increasing initial nutrient concentrations by two times will increase the intensity of SCML by over 80% in winter and spring. The sensitivity analysis indicates that light attenuation is critical to the three parameters of SCM. Decreasing background light attenuation by 20% extends the euphotic zone, makes SCML deeper(~20%) and thicker(12% – 41%), and increases the intensity by over 16%. Overall, the depth of SCML is mainly controlled by light attenuation, and the SCML thickness and intensity are closely associated with wind and initial nitrate concentration in the SCS.

关键词： South China Sea subsurface chlorophyll maximum seasonal variation numerical modeling

Process analysis of PM_(2.5) pollution events in a coastal city of China using CMAQ

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第5期31卷 225-238页

作者： Qiang Zhang Di Xue Xiaohuan Liu Xiang Gong huiwang gao College of Environmental Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology Ministry of Education Ocean University of China Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao University of Science and Technology

US EPA's Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system(CMAQ) with Process Analysis tool was used to simulate and quantify the contribution of individual atmospheric processes to PM_(2.5) concentration in Qingdao during three representative PM_(2.5) pollution events in the winter of 2015 and 2016. Compared with the observed surface PM_(2.5) concentrations, CMAQ could reasonably reproduce the temporal and spatial variations of PM_(2.5) during these three events. Process analysis results show that primary emissions accounted for 72.7%–93.2% of the accumulation of surface PM_(2.5) before and after the *** the events occurred, primary emissions were still the major contributor to the increase of PM_(2.5) in Qingdao, however the contribution percentage reduced significantly,which only account for 51.4%–71.8%. Net contribution from horizontal and vertical transport to the accumulation of PM_(2.5) was also positive and its percentage increased when events occurred. Only 1.1%–4.6% of aerosol accumulation was due to PM processes and aqueous chemical processes before and after events. When the events occurred,contribution from PM processes and aqueous chemistry increased to 6.0%–11.8%. Loss of PM_(2.5) was mainly through horizontal transport, vertical transport and dry deposition, no matter during or outside the events. Wet deposition would become the main removal pathway of PM_(2.5), when precipitation occurred.

关键词： CMAQ Process analysis PM2.5 Qingdao

The Effects of Reclamation Activity and Yellow River Runoff on Coastline and Area of the Laizhou Bay,China

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2021年第3期20卷 729-739页

作者： XU Yandong gao huiwang WEI Xiao ZHU Jinlong Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology Ministry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research InstituteYantai 264006China Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China

Study on morphological changes of a bay can help to identify the effects of anthropogenic activities on coastal environ-ment and guide the exploration of marine *** this paper,morphological data including coastline and water areas in five discrete years between 1968 and 2015 were selected and extracted from the remote sensing images and historical marine charts to study the morphological changes in Laizhou Bay(LZB),one of the bays in the southwest of the Bohai Sea.A systematic analysis on spatial variations of the coastline and the surface areas of different types of waters in LZB was *** results showed that the surface area of LZB was decreased by 1253.2km^(2)in the last half century,which is 17.4%of the total in the *** areas of the natural wetland and the intertidal zone were decreased by 17.2%and 56.1%,respectively,and the average water depth varied from 9.05 m to 8.16m at low tide level from 1968 to *** coastline and shape variations of the bay turned to be complex after the 1980s,and the shape index of LZB showed an increasing trend in more recent *** centroid of the bay generally migrated to the northeast direction,i.e.,the direction of the center of the Bohai Sea,and the shrinking direction of the bay was consistent with the migration direction of the *** reclamation area during 1968-2015 in LZB was 1201.7km^(2),and 94.1%was in the inter-tidal *** overall morphological change of the bay during the last half century was mainly controlled by the coastal reclamation activities,and the Yellow River runoff including the river course change and sediment load variation was also an important control-ling factor.

关键词： morphological change coastal reclamation Yellow River runoff Laizhou Bay

Alterations in microbial community during the remediation of a black-odorous stream by acclimated composite microorganisms

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第8期34卷 181-193页

作者： Feng Shi Zongli Liu Jialin Li huiwang gao Song Qin Jingjing Guo Key Lab of Coastal Biology and Biological Resource Conservation Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesYantai 264003China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Qingdao HOOH Environmental Protection Technology Co.Ltd.Qingdao 266073 China

Microbial application is an efficient, economical, and ecofriendly method for remediating black-odorous rivers. In this study, the field treatment effect and microbial community changes were monitored during remediation by the acclimated complex microorganisms of a typical black-odorous stream. After the treatment, the total phosphorus and ammonia contents decreased by 74.0% and 76.3% and the concentrations of dissolved oxygen increased from 1.65 to 4.90 mg/L, indicating the effectiveness of the acclimated composite microorganisms. The proportion of Bacteroidetes decreased significantly by 48.1% and that of Firmicutes increased by 2.23% on average, and the microbial diversity index first increased and then tended to be uniform. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that the pH,dissolved oxygen, and oxidation-reduction potential together determined the composition of the microbial communities(p < 0.05). These findings showed that the acclimated composite microorganisms can effectively remediate the black odor.

关键词： Black-odorous water Composite microorganisms Microbial community Environmental impact factors In-siu bioremediation

Simulating Dry Deposition Fluxes of PM_(10) and Particulate Inorganic Nitrogen over the Eastern China Seas During a Severe Asian Dust Event Using WRF-Chem Model

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2012年第3期11卷 301-314页

作者： YAN Han gao huiwang YAO Xiaohong WANG Zifa Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology Ministry of Education of ChinaOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100P.R.China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry(LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029P.R.China

A WRF-Chem model including a comprehensive gas-phase nitrogen chemistry module was used to simulate a severe dust event appearing in the eastern China on 19-25 March, 2002. The modeling result well reproduced PM10 concentrations in various distances from the dust sources and the transport pathway of the dust strom. The results showed that both the concentrations and the dry deposition fluxes of PM10 increased over the China seas during the dust event following the passage of a cold front system. The maximum fluxes of PM10 in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea during the dust event were 5.5 and 8.4 times of those before the event, respectively. However, the temporal variations of the dry deposition fluxes of particulate inorganic nitrogen differed over the Yellow Sea from those over the East China Sea. Nitrate and ammonium in the whole northern China rapidly decreased because of the intrusion of dust-loaded air on 19 March. The dust plume arrived in the Yellow Sea on 20 March, decreasing the particulate inorganic nitrogen in mass concentration accordingly. The minimum dry deposition fluxes of nitrate and ammonium in the Yellow Sea were about 3/5 and 1/6 of those before the dust arrival, respectively. In contrast, when the dust plume crossed over the Yangtze Delta area, it became abundant in nitrate and ammonium and increased the concentrations and dry deposition fluxes of particulate inorganic nitrogen over the East China Sea, where the maximum dry deposition fluxes of nitrate and ammonium increased approximately by 4.1 and 2.6 times of those prior to the dust arrival.

关键词： Asian dust aerosol inorganic particulate nitrogen dry deposition flux WRF-Chem model

An experimental study on oil droplet size distribution in subsurface oil releases

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2018年第11期37卷 88-95页

作者： LI Jianwei AN Wei gao huiwang ZHAO Yupeng SUN Yonggen Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology Ministry of Education of ChinaOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China China Offshore Environmental Services Ltd. Tianjin 300452China The First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic AdministrationQingdao 266061China

Oil droplet size distribution （ODSD） plays a critical role in the rising velocity and transport of oil droplets in subsurface oil releases. In this paper, subsurface oil release experiments were conducted to study ODSD under different experimental conditions in a laboratory water tank observed by two high-speed cameras in March and April 2017. The correlation formulas Oh=lO.2Re-~ and Oh=39.2Re-1 （Re represents Reynolds number and Oh represents Ohnesorge number） were established to distinguish the boundaries of the three instability regimes in dimensionless space based on the experimental results. The oil droplet sizes from the experimental data showed an excellent match to the Rosin-Rammler distribution function with determination coefficients ranging from 0.86 to 1.00 for Lvda 10-1 oil. This paper also explored the influence factors on and change rules ofoil droplet size. The volume median diameter d50 decreased steadily with increasing jet velocity, and a sharp decrease occurred in the laminar-breakup regime. At Weber numbers （We）〈100, the orifice diameter and oil viscosity appeared to have a large influence on the mean droplet diameter. At 100〈We〈1 000, the oil viscosity appeared to have a larger influence on the relative mean droplet diameter.

关键词： oil droplet size distribution subsurface oil releases Rosin-Rammler distribution

Assessing Mismatches Between Ecosystem Structure and Function in Jiaozhou Bay by Coordination Degree Algorithm

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2017年第2期16卷 249-261页

作者： CHEN Xiaoyan gao huiwang CHEN Zhenhua YAO Xiaohong SUN Peng Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea Guangxi University of China Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology Ministry of Education of China First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration

A healthy ecosystem depends on the coordination of ecosystem structure and *** coordination among ecosystem components,however,is seldom taken into account in current ecosystem health assessments(EHA).Neglect of such coordination may lead to large degrees of uncertainty in EHA and fail to support ecosystem *** propose an approach to quantify the level of dynamic mismatching between ecosystem structure and function and the impact on ecosystem health by incorporating the ecosystem coordination index into *** coordination degree is calculated using variation coefficient of six proxies for ecosystem structure and *** ecosystem at Jiaozhou Bay,as a microcosm of China's coast,has been documented to fluctuate from healthy to unhealthy status over the past three *** results indicate that there is a 3%-17% lower health level than that calculated by common methods used in the literature,indicating that the health of Jiaozhou Bay has become worse than *** change contributes 20%-52% to ecosystem mismatches and is the most uncoordinated ***-related declines account for approximately one-fourth of the total ecological *** scenarios that aim to resolve ecosystem mismatches could increase efficiency by about 50% compared to restoration scenarios that do not consider *** study investigates ecological declines in a coastal bay due to 30 years of rapid economic *** doing so,this study provides novel insights and enhances our understanding of the reasons for failure in ecological restoration.

关键词： ecosystem coordination index ecosystem health assessment ecosystem restoration Jiaozhou Bay