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Silurian hydrocarbon exploration breakthrough and its implications in the Shajingzi structural belt of Tarim Basin,NW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2022年第1期49卷 233-246页

作者： ZHANG Junfeng ZHANG Yuanyin gao yongjin Oil and Gas Survey Center of China Geological Survey Beijing 100083China

The Silurian hydrocarbon exploration in the northwest Tarim Basin had long been fruitless, till Well XSD1 drilled in 2018 in the Shajingzi structural belt, northwest Tarim Basin tapped industrial gas flow from the Silurian for the first time. The reservoir-forming model and resource extent need to be made clear urgently. Based on the comprehensive research of drilling,formation testing, geochemical data, and sedimentary and accumulation history, in combination with field surveys, experiments, structure interpretation and reconstruction of structure evolution, it is found that:(1) The northwest Tarim Basin had widespread tidal deltaic deposits in the Silurian period, which contain good reservoir-cap combinations;(2) the Shajingzi fault and associated faults connected the Cambrian-Ordovician source rocks in the Awati sag, and controlled the formation of Silurian structural traps, hence, the traps turned up along the structural belt in an orderly pattern and came together into contiguous tracts;(3) the Silurian petroleum in Shajingzi structural belt was dominated by gas, and the major accumulation period was the Himalayan period when the traps fixed in shape;(4) the Silurian gas resources in the Shajingzi belt were estimated at around 2.018×10^(11)m^(3), and Silurian gas resources of the northwest Tarim Basin were estimated at 2.03×10^(12)m^(3), implying huge exploration potential, so this area will become a major area for reserve and production increase from clastic strata in the basin;(5) with the Shajingzi fault of large scale and long active time connecting deep source rock layers, multiple formations in Lower Paleozoic of Shajingzi structural belt may have breakthroughs in hydrocarbon exploration.

关键词： structural trap late hydrocarbon accumulation Silurian Kepingtage Formation Shajingzi structural belt Wensu salient Keping uplift Tarim Basin

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Sedimentary characteristics and main controlling factors of the Middle-Upper Permian and Middle-Upper Triassic around Bogda Mountain of Xinjiang,NW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2022年第4期49卷 770-784页

作者： YANG Youxing ZHANG Junfeng ZHANG Jinhu gao yongjin ZHOU Xingui SUN Xiangcan WEN Lei MIAO Miaoqing Oil and Gas Survey Center of China Geological Survey Beijing 100083China

Based on field geological survey,interpretation of seismic data and analysis of drilling and logging data,the evolution of geological structures,stratigraphic sedimentary filling sequence and sedimentary system around the Bogda Mountain were analyzed according to the idea of"structure controlling basin,basin controlling facies and facies controlling assemblages".The tectonic evolution of the basin around the Bogda Mountain can be divided into nine stages.The Middle-Late Permian–Middle-Late Triassic was the development stage of intracontinental rift,foreland basin and inland depression basin when lake,fan delta and braided river delta sedimentary facies developed.Early intracontinental rifting,late Permian tectonic uplift,and middle-late Triassic tectonic subsidence controlled the shape,type,subsidence rate and sedimentary system evolution of the basin.The Bogda Mountain area was the subsidence center and deposition center of the deep water lake basin in the Middle Permian with mainly deep-water deposition and local gravity flow deposition.This area had tectonic inversion in the Late Permian,when the Bogda Mountain uplifted to form a low bulge and a series of fan delta sand bodies.In the Middle-Late Triassic,subsidence occurred in the Bogda low uplift,characterized by extensive development of braided river delta deposits.

关键词： Junggar Basin Bogda Mountain Fukang fault zone Permian Lucaogou Formation Triassic sedimentary filling sequence sedimentary system

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Formation Conditions and Sedimentary Model of Over-Flooding Lake Deltas within Continental Lake Basins: An Example from the Paleogene in the Jiyang Subbasin, Bohai Bay Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第1期89卷 270-284页

作者： WANG Jian CAO Yingchang LIU Huimin gao yongjin School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum (East China) Post-doctoral Research Center of Geological Resources and Geological Engineering China University of Petroleum (East China) Institute of Geology Sinopec Shengli Oil Field Company

A large quantity of drilling core, paleontology, geochemistry and geophysics data revealed several features of the Jiyang subbasin during the deposition of the Ekl-ES4x members：（1） the paleotopography of the gentle slope belt had an extremely low gradient; （2） the paleoclimate frequently alternated between dry and wet periods in a generally arid setting; （3） there was strong weathering around the periphery of the basin; （4） the lake was very shallow; （5） the lake level frequently rose and fell; and （6） the sedimentary environment of the gentle slope belt was an over- flooding lake. All of these factors provided favorable geological conditions for the development of an over-flooding lake delta. The lithologies of the continental over-flooding lake delta deposits are complex and diverse. The compositional maturity is moderate to low, and the grain size distribution curves and sedimentary structures indicate the presence of both gravity and traction currents. The sedimentary microfacies associations consist of a combination of ordered superposition of flood channels, distributary channels and sheet sands. The delta exhibits a weak foreset seismic reflection. The over-flooding lake delta deposits are laterally extensive. The sandstone content is high, and the individual sandstone beds are thin. The flood channel and distributary channel deposits exhibit evidence of bifurcation and lateral migration. The distribution of the sandbodies and the oxidation color of the mudstones provide evidence of cyclic deposition. The paleoclimate was the dominant factor controlling the development of the over-flooding lake delta. Due to the frequently alternating wet and dry paleoclimates, the over-flooding lake delta is characterized by the development of a broad upper plain and a lower delta plain. The upper delta plain is characterized by flood channel deposits, whereas the lower delta plain is represented by distributary channel deposits. The transition zone is characterized by the interaction of flood channels and distributary c

关键词： Jiyang subbasin continental basin over-flooding lake delta sedimentary model oil andgas exploration

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Depositional Environment of Es_4~u and Es_3~l Shales Based on Biomarkers from the Boxing Sag of Dongying Depression, East China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第5期88卷 1556-1564页

作者： WANG Ying LIU Luofu MENG Jianghui JIANG Zhenxue gao yongjin LIU Shuhui State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Research Institute of Geological Science Shengli Oilfield Company Limited

The Boxing Sag is located in the southwest of Dongying Depression, southern Bohai Bay Basin of East China. It is one of the main petroliferous sags in the Dongying Depression, and has two major source rocks, namely the upper 4th Member （Es4u） and lower 3rd Member （Es31） shales of Eocene Shahejie Formation, which are the new exploration targets in recent years. In this study, 16 core samples were collected from Es4u and Es31 shales in the Boxing Sag, and the saturate hydrocarbons were analyzed by gas chromatography （GC） and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）, respectively. The results show that Es4u shale has obvious phytane and gammacerane predominance, higher concentration of tricyclic terpanes and regular steranes, and very low concentration of 4- methly steranes; Es31 shale has pristane predominance, lower concentration of tricyclic terpanes, gammacerane and regular steranes, and higher concentration of 4-methly steranes. The Es4u shale can be further divided into two types based on the distribution of n-alkanes in gas chromatograms： normal distribution and double peak pattern. The biomarker characteristics and sedimentary facies distribution show that Es4u shale was deposited in the saline-hypersaline semi-deep （Type A Es4u shale, sag center） to shallow （Type B Es4u shale, sag edge） lacustrine environments, Es31 shale was deposited in the freshwater-brackish semi-deep-deep lacustrine environments, and the former sedimentary facies maps of Es4u and Es31 in the Boxing Sag are further modified.

关键词： biomarker lacustrine environment shale Shahejie Formation Boxing Sag Dongying Depression

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Mechanism of diagenetic trap formation in nearshore subaqueous fans on steep rift lacustrine basin slopes—A case study from the Shahejie Formation on the north slope of the Minfeng Subsag, Bohai Basin, China

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Petroleum Science 2014年第4期11卷 481-494页

作者： Wang Yanzhong Cao Yingchang Ma Benben Liu Huimin gao yongjin Chen Lin School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum Geological Science Research Institute of Shengli Oilfield SINOPEC Western New Prospect Research Center of Shengli Oilfield SINOPEC

Diagenetic traps in conglomerate in nearshore subaqueous fans in the steep slope zones of rift basins have been important exploration targets for subtle reservoirs in eastern China. However, the mechanism of how those traps were formed is not clear, which inhibits further exploration for this type of reservoir. In order to solve the problem, we take as an example nearshore subaqueous fans in the upper part of the fourth member of the Shahejie Formation （Es4s） on the north slope of the Minfeng Subsag in the Dongying Sag. Combining different research methods, such as core observation, thin section examination, scanning electron microscope （SEM） observation, fluid-inclusion analysis, carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of carbonate cements, and analysis of core properties, we studied the genetic mechanisms of diagenetic traps on the basis of diagenetic environment evolution and diagenetic evolution sequence in different sub/micro-facies. Conglomerate in Es4s in the north Minfeng Subsag experienced several periods of transition between alkaline and acidic environments as ＂alkaline-acidic-alkaline-acidic-weak alkaline＂. As a result, dissolution and cementation are also very complex, and the sequence is ＂early pyrite cementation / siderite cementation / gypsum cementation / calcite and dolomite cementation- feldspar dissolution / quartz overgrowth quartz dissolution / ferroan calcite cementation / ankerite cementation / lime-mud matrix recrystallization / feldspar overgrowth carbonate dissolution / feldspar dissolution / quartz overgrowth / pyrite cementation＂. The difference in sedimentary characteristics between different sub/micro-facies of nearshore subaqueous fans controls diagenetic characteristics. Inner fan conglomerates mainly experienced compaction and lime-mud matrix recrystallization, with weak dissolution, which led to a reduction in the porosity and permeability crucial to reservoir formation. Lime-mud matrix recrystallization results in a rapid decrease in porosity and permeability in inner fan conglomera

关键词： Nearshore subaqueous fan diagenetic trap genetic mechanism Dongying Sag rift basin,lacustrine basin

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Origin of Oils in“Subtle pools”in the Dongying Depression,Bohai Bay Basin, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2008年第1期82卷 184-196页

作者： LI Sumei JIANG Zhengxue LIU Keyu QIU Guiqiang gao yongjin State key laboratory of petroleum resource andprospecting Beijing 102249 China Basin ＆ Reservoir Research Center University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China CSIRO Petroleum P.O. Box 1130 Bentley WA 6102 Australia Shengli Oilfield Company Limited SINOPEC Dongying 257015 China

Subtle traps or oil pools have become an important exploration play in the Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, east China. Despite recent successes in exploration, the formation mechanisms of subtle traps are still not well understood. The majority of subtle oil pools in the Dongying Depression are developed in the middle interval of the Es3 Member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation with the subtle traps being primarily of lenticular basin-floor turbidite sands encompassed in mudstones. Oil in the subtle traps was previously thought to have migrated directly from the surrounding source rocks of the same formation （Es3）. Detailed geochemical investigation of 41 oils and 41 rock samples from the depression now indicates that the oils from the subtle traps cannot be correlated well with the surrounding Es3 source rocks, which are characterized by high Pr/ Ph （〉1）, low Gammacerane/C30hopane, representing a freshwater lacustrine setting. In contrast the oils features low Pr/Ph （〈1） and relatively high Gammacerane content, showing a genetic affinity with the underlying Es4 source rocks, which also have the same qualities, indicating a brackish lacustrine setting. Oils in the Es3 subtle traps are probably derived from mixed sources with the contribution from the upper Es4 source rocks predominating. Therefore unconventional oil migration and accumulation mechanisms need to be invoked to explain the pooling of oils from the ES4 source rocks, which probably came through a thick low interval of the Es3 source rocks with no apparent structural or stratigraphic pathways. We suggest that the subtle oil migration pathway probably plays an important role here. This finding may have significant implications for future exploration and the remaining resource evaluation in the Dongying Depression.

关键词： lenticular oil pools biomarkers oil-source rock correlation hydrocarbon migration and accumulation subtle oil migration pathway

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Oil exploration breakthrough in the Wensu salient, northwest Tarim Basin and its implications

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2019年第1期46卷 16-26页

作者： ZHANG Junfeng gao yongjin YANG Youxing ZHOU Xingui ZHANG Jinhu ZHANG Yuanyin Oil and Gas Survey Center of China Geological Survey

Both the XWD1 and XWD2 wells drilled in 2017 in the Wensu salient, northwest Tarim Basin have achieved high-yield industrial oil flow. Based on the comprehensive research on drilling, oil testing, geochemistry and logging data, in combination with the field surveys, 2 D seismic data processing and interpretation as well as sedimentation and accumulation history comparison, we carefully compared the source conditions, migration channels, reservoir-cap distribution and trapping types in the Wensu salient, and subsequently constructed a reservoir-forming pattern. Though the Wensu salient is lack of source rocks, some drainage systems were widely developed and efficiently connected to adjacent fertile depressions. Due to the moderate Miocene paleogeomorphic conditions in the Wensu salient, the delta and shore-shallow lacustrine beach bar sandy bodies were developed within the Jidike formation, and consequently form widely distributed structural-lithologic traps. The hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation mainly happened in the Neogene-Quaternary period, which suggests that the reservoir-forming pattern should be characterized as late-period and compound accumulation. It suggests that, although the border belts in the Tarim Basin might be short of source rocks and structural traps, they are potential to accumulate hydrocarbon in a large scale; the description of efficient hydrocarbon migration channels and structural-lithologic traps is crucial for any successful exploration.

关键词： structural-lithologic traps late hydrocarbon accumulation Neogene Jidike Formation weathering metamorphic crust Wensu salient Tarim Basin

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Formation and Accumulation of Hydrocarbons in the Central Uplift,Dongying Depression

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Petroleum Science 2006年第3期3卷 12-22页

作者： Li Sumei Qiu Guiqiang gao yongjin Jiang Zhenxue Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Ministry of Education China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Shengli Oilfield Company SINOPEC Dongying Shandong 257015 China

A large number of crude oil and rock samples from various oil pools of the Central Uplift in Dongying Depression were investigated to reveal the origin and accumulation of hydrocarbons. The results showed that the composition and areal distribution of hydrocarbons vary with the location of the oil pools. An increasing trend of gammacerane/C30-hopane and steranes/hopanes but a decreasing trend of prystane/phytane （Pr/Ph） and 18（H）-/17（H）- trisnorhopane （Ts/Tm） ratios were observed from southwest to northeast. This indicates a variation of source rocks and hydrocarbon properties. An increasing trend of water salinity with much more input of algae-rich microorganisms in the deposition environment of the source rock was observed from southwest to northeast. However, the thermal maturity of the source rocks showed a decreasing trend in the same direction. Oil-to-oil and oil-to-source rock correlations showed that most oils were sourced from Es3 and Es4 members with a burial depth of more than 3,000-3,150 m and 2,700 m respectively. The oils in the Shinan and Ying 11 sand bodies, which were generally mixed with the Es4 sourced oils, came mostly from Es3 mudstones. It is quite significant that the Es4 derived oils migrated vertically for hundreds of meters and accumulated in an overlying lithologic pool of the Es3^m, i.e., Ying 11 synclinal lithologic pool, which suggests that the mechanisms of migration and accumulation for subtle oil pools in the Dongying Depression are more complex than that of the previously expected.

关键词： Dongying Depression Central Uplift source rock oil-gas genesis subtle oil pool

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塔里木盆地西北缘埃迪卡拉纪—寒武纪转折期黑色岩系中硅质岩成因及其环境指示意义

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地质学报 2024年第2期98卷 511-529页

作者：刘丽红高永进朱光有杨有星尹成明孙相灿李清瑶中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心中国地质调查局非常规油气重点实验室北京100083 中国石油勘探开发研究院北京100083

埃迪卡拉纪—寒武纪转折期是地质历史上的关键期,全球范围内普遍发育一套黑色岩系,包括硅质岩、泥岩和白云岩。在这套黑色岩系中下部,发育了不同厚度的硅质岩,尤其是在塔里木盆地西北缘,黑白燧石条带韵律性互层且硅质岩分布变化大,其成... 详细信息

埃迪卡拉纪—寒武纪转折期是地质历史上的关键期,全球范围内普遍发育一套黑色岩系,包括硅质岩、泥岩和白云岩。在这套黑色岩系中下部,发育了不同厚度的硅质岩,尤其是在塔里木盆地西北缘,黑白燧石条带韵律性互层且硅质岩分布变化大,其成因对寒武系玉尔吐斯组优质烃源岩形成环境具有重要指示意义。本文以塔西北地区新柯地1井这套黑色岩系中硅质岩为研究对象,运用岩芯观察、镜下薄片鉴定、主微量元素和稀土元素分析,研究硅质岩与有机质的成因及其二者之间的共生机理,硅质岩较高的Ti、V、Y、Ba等元素含量、较低的δ^(30)Si值(1.2‰~0.7‰)、明显的Ce负异常说明其硅质流体为热液来源,但是硅质岩不是热液脉体侵入形成,而是富含硅质的流体与冰冷的海水混合沉积而成,硅质岩沉积受温度、pH值、有机质等因素共同控制,有机质的存在可以促进硅质沉淀。同时系统地研究了黑白燧石条带韵律性互层的成因,白色层由纯的微晶石英组成,而黑色层由碎屑碳质颗粒、石英颗粒和碳质纹层组成,认为是微生物席活动的结果,硅质岩中黑白燧石层受冰期和间冰期控制。硅质岩中较高的Al_(2)O_(3)/(Al_(2)O_(3)+Fe_(2)O_(3))比值和较低的Lan/Cen比值代表受陆源影响的大陆边缘沉积环境,结合古气候、海平面变化等信息,认为塔西北地区寒武系玉尔吐斯组硅质岩以及硅质页岩沉积于局限海湾或潟湖环境,为正确认识硅质页岩的形成环境和烃源岩的评价预测提供理论指导。

关键词：新柯地1井黑白燧石条带硅质与有机质共生机理埃迪卡拉纪—寒武纪转折期沉积环境

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Application of an analytic hierarchy process to hydrocarbon accumulation coefficient estimation

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Petroleum Science 2010年第3期7卷 337-346页

作者： gao yongjin Liu Lifeng Liu Huimin Zheng Feifei Wu Li Zhou Jingjing Qu Dongfang State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Geoscience Research Institute Shengli Oilfield SINOPEC Dongying 257061 China Laboratory of Integrated Geology and Geophysics Research China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

The hydrocarbon accumulation coefficient is a key parameter in resources evaluation by genetic techniques. Methods of obtaining its value scientifically have always been an important factor influencing evaluation credibility. In this paper, the hydrocarbon accumulation system is evaluated quantitatively by establishing a hierarchy structure model based on an analytical hierarchy process. The hydrocarbon accumulation system of a higher exploration degree is selected as a calibration area and its hydrocarbon accumulation coefficient can be calculated using methods of hydrocarbon generation potential and reservoir-scale sequence. The hydrocarbon accumulation coefficient of a petroleum accumulation system can be gained by analogy of reservoir forming comprehensive evaluation results with the calibration area. The hydrocarbon accumulation coefficient of each petroleum accumulation system in the upper reservoir-forming combination of the Liaohe Western Sag can be obtained with this method. Practice shows that using the analytical hierarchy process to quantitatively evaluate the hydrocarbon accumulation system and then quantitatively predict the hydrocarbon accumulation coefficient decreases the influence of human factors in resources evaluation, and makes the resources assessment more objective and closer to the actual geological condition.

关键词： Hydrocarbon accumulation coefficient analytical hierarchy process hydrocarbon resourceevaluation hydrocarbon accumulation system Liaohe Western Sag

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