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Purification and characteristics of a low-molecular-weight peptide possessing oxidative capacity for phenol from Phanerochaete chrysosporium

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2006年第3期49卷 243-250页

作者： HU Ming ZHANG Weican LU xuemei gao Peiji State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology Shandong University Jinan 250100 China State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology Shandong University Jinan 250100 China State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology Shandong University Jinan 250100 China State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology Shandong University Jinan 250100 China

A new low-molecular-weight peptide with phenol oxidase activity, named Pc factor, was isolated; purified from liquid culture of a white-rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Its molecular weight was about 600 Da estimated by gel-filtration. Three amino acids Glu, Gly; Val were detected in hydrolysate. Absorption peaks corresponding to amino acids; peptide were observed by UV; IR spectra analysis. And the signal of Cα of amino acid was also detected by [13]C-NMR method. Pc factor had high thermostability; remained active in weakly alkalescent pH range. It could chelate Fe[3+]; reduce it to Fe[2+], but no hydroxyl radical HO˙ could be detected during the reaction process. It could oxidize phenolic lignin-model compounds such as 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (2,6-DMP), 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzathiazoline-6-sulfinic acid) (ABTS); syringaldazine in the absence of Mn[2+]; H2O2. These characteristics differed greatly from those of manganese peroxidases. The oxidative catalysis of Pc factor can be enhanced by certain metal ions such as Cu[2+]; Mn[2+] etc.,; O2 molecule was necessary for this reaction. In summary, Pc factor may function as an electron carrier in this novel oxidation-reduction system.

关键词： Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pc factor, purification, phenol oxidase activity, lignin.

Determination of damaged wheat kernels with hyperspectral imaging analysis

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第5期13卷 194-198页

作者： Yuanyuan Shao Chong gao Guantao Xuan xuemei gao Youqing Chen Zhichao Hu College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Shandong Intelligent Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural EquipmentShandong Agricultural UniversityTaian 271018ShandongChina Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNanjing 210014China College of Agriculture Food&Natural ResourcesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouri 65203USA

Hyperspectral imaging was applied to classify the damaged wheat kernels and healthy *** spectral information was extracted from damaged wheat kernels and healthy kernels *** effective wavelengths were obtained from spectral of 865-1711 nm by X-loadings of principal component analysis(PCA)and successive projection algorithm(SPA)method,*** least square method(PLS)and least square-support vector machine(LS-SVM)were then used to build classification models on full spectral data and effective wavelengths dataset,*** results showed that the classification accuracy of every LS-SVM model was the best,being 100%.While the accuracy of the PLS model was slightly lower,still over 97%.The confusion matrix showed that several damaged wheat kernels samples were misclassified as healthy samples,while all healthy samples were correctly *** overall results indicated that hyperspectral imaging could be used for discriminating the damaged wheat kernels and could provide a reference for detecting other grain kernels grading ***,this study can provide a research basis for the development of online or portable detectors on grain damaged kernels recognition,which will be beneficial for grain grading or post-harvest quality processing of other grains.

关键词： hyperspectral image damaged wheat kernels determination PCA SPA LS-SVM

Improving uniform scattering device for straw-smashing,back-throwing,no-tillage planter under complete straw mulching condition

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第6期11卷 49-57页

作者： Fengwei Gu xuemei gao Feng Wu Zhichao Hu Youqing Chen Chong Zhang Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization of National Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Nanjing 210014China

With the objective of obtaining a completely straw-mulched field,when no-tillage mechanical sowing is implemented with straw smashing,delivering,and back-throwing approaches,it may be difficult to scatter the smashed straw uniformly during a succeeding wheat sowing *** is because the previous rice straw is substantial in quantity and has a high humidity and toughness,which may easily result in non-uniform straw mulching and thus sparse and weak seedlings of *** a force-dispersing and uniform-scattering device was *** the number of scattering impellers,impeller angle,and impeller rotation speed as the main factors and the percentage of pass for the scattering width and non-uniformity of the straw mulching as the assessment indices,single-factor experiments and orthogonal regressive tests were performed,and a dual-index(percentage of pass for the scattering width and non-uniformity of the straw mulching)fitted regression equation was *** test results suggested that the main factors(from primary to secondary)that influence the indices were the impeller rotation speed,number of scattering impellers,and impeller *** optimal parameter combination for the uniform scattering device was four rows of impellers with an angle of 15°,rotation speed of 1015 r/min,percentage of pass of 72.65%for the scattering width,and a non-uniformity of 13.8%in the straw *** combination can be used to realize a uniform scattering of the smashed straw along the seedling rows on the after-sowing *** to the field investigation of the wheat growth,the wheat emergence rate was 90.7%.The research results can provide a reference for improving the uniform scattering device for a straw-smashing,back-throwing,no-tillage planter for obtaining a completely straw-mulched field,enhancing the quality of the machinery operation,and ensuring good and strong seedlings after sowing.

关键词： complete straw mulching no-tillage planter uniform scattering of straw

The diversity effect of inductive reasoning under segment manipulation of complex cognition

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2005年第6期48卷 658-668页

作者： CHEN Antao LI Hong FENG Tingyong gao xuemei ZHANG Zhongming LI Fuhong YANG Dong School of Psychology Southwest University Key Laboratory of Basic Psychology of Chongqing City Chongqing 400715 China School of Psychology Southwest University Key Laboratory of Basic Psychology of Chongqing City Chongqing 400715 China School of Psychology Southwest University Key Laboratory of Basic Psychology of Chongqing City Chongqing 400715 China School of Psychology Southwest University Key Laboratory of Basic Psychology of Chongqing City Chongqing 400715 China School of Psychology Southwest University Key Laboratory of Basic Psychology of Chongqing City Chongqing 400715 China School of Psychology Southwest University Key Laboratory of Basic Psychology of Chongqing City Chongqing 400715 China School of Psychology Southwest University Key Laboratory of Basic Psychology of Chongqing City Chongqing 400715 China

The present study proposed the idea of segment manipulation of complex cognition (SMCC), and technically made it possible the quantitative treatment and systematical manipula-tion on the premise diversity. The segment manipulation of complex cognition divides the previ-ous inductive strengths judgment task into three distinct steps, attempting to particularly distin-guish the psychological processes and their rules. The results in Experiment 1 showed that compared with the traditional method, the quantitative treatment and systematical manipulation of SMCC on the diversity did not change the task’s nature, and remain rational and a good measurement of inductive strength judgment. The results in Experiment 2 showed that the par-ticipants’ response rules in the triple-step task were expected from our proposal, and that in Step 2 the “feeling of surprise” (FOS), which seems implausible but predicted from the diversity premises, was measured, and its component might be the critical part that produced the diversity effect. The “feeling of surprise” may reflect the impact of emotion on cognition, representing a strong revision to premise probability principle of pure rational hypothesis proposed by Lo et al., and its roles in the diversity effect are worthy of further research. In this regards were discussed the mistakes that the premise probability principle makes when it takes posterity probability as prior probability.

关键词： inductive reasoning, segment manipulation of complex cognition (SMCC), diversity effect, feeling of surprise (FOS), Bayes theorem.

Optimization and experiment of key components in pneumatic peanut pod conveyor

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第3期13卷 100-107页

作者： xuemei gao Huanxiong Xie Fengwei Gu Hai Wei Minji Liu Jianchun Yan Zhichao Hu Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNanjing 210014China

Research interest in pneumatic conveying technologies in processes such as peanut harvesting and shelling has grown rapidly in recent ***,the use of pneumatic conveyors in this application suffers from high pod damage rates and duct *** address these issues,we analyzed the critical speed of pneumatic transport for conveying the peanut pods and measured the angle of friction and coefficient of restitution of peanut pods on a variety of material *** on the results of these tests,optimizations and improvements were made to the separator bowl,air supply duct,and conveying duct.A pneumatic conveying experiment was then performed using peanut *** the factorial experiment,it was found that increases in fan speed increase the pod damage rate and transport efficiency,while increases in the thickness of the cushioning/anti-obstruction layer decrease the rate of pod damage and transport *** damage rates were significantly affected by fan speed,the thickness of the cushioning/obstruction prevention layer,and interaction between these factors,while transport efficiency was only significantly affected by fan *** is proved by the machine verification test,the optimal parameters for the pneumatic transport of Baisha peanut pods with a moisture content of 7.24%was a fan speed of 2700 r/min and a cushioning/anti-obstruction layer thickness of 6 mm.A pod damage rate of 5.19%and transport efficiency of 92.03%were achieved using these parameters,which are sufficient for meeting the requirements of industrial applications.

关键词： pneumatic transport material properties of peanut pods damage rate transport efficiency

Experiment and parameter optimization of an automatic row following system for the traction beet combine harvester

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2023年第1期16卷 145-152页

作者： Shenying Wang xuemei gao Zhaoyan You Baoliang Peng Huichang Wu Zhichao Hu Yongwei Wang Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNanjing 210014China College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310058China

To improve the automation level and operation quality of China's beet harvester and reduce the loss due to damaged and missed excavation,this study used a self-developed sugar beet combine harvester and field simulation experiment platform,based on the single-factor bench test of the automatic row following system in the early stage,taking hydraulic flow A,spring preload B,and forward speed C which have significant influence on performance indices as test factors,and taking the missed excavation rate,breakage rate and reaction time as performance indices,the orthogonal experimental study on the parameter optimization of the three-factor and three-level automatic row following system with the first-order interaction of various factors was carried *** results of the orthogonal experiments were analyzed using range analysis and variance *** results showed that there were differences in the influence degree,factor priority order and first-order interaction,and the optimal parameter combination on each performance index.A weighted comprehensive scoring method was used to optimize and analyze each *** optimal parameter combination of the overall operating performance of the automatic row following system was A 2B 2C 1,that is,the hydraulic flow was 25 L/min,the forward speed was 0.8 m/s,and the spring preload was 198 *** this combination,the response time was 0.496 s,the missed excavation rate was 2.35%,the breakage rate was 3.65%,and the operation quality was relatively good,which can meet the harvest *** comprehensive optimization results were verified by field experiments with different ridge shapes and different planting *** results showed that the mean values of the missed excavation rate of different planting patterns of conventional straight ridges and extremely large"S"ridges were 2.23%and 2.69%,respectively,and the maximum values were 2.39%and 2.98%,respectively;the average damage rates were 3.38%and 4.14%,and the maxi

关键词： beet combine harvester traction type parameter optimization automatic row following

Operation analysis and parameter optimization of the conveying device for uniform crushed straw throwing and seed-sowing machines

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2023年第6期16卷 28-36页

作者： Fengwei Gu Youqun Zhao Zhichao Hu Lili Shi Feng Wu Hongbo Xu xuemei gao College of Energy and Power Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNanjing 210014China

Uniform crushed straw throwing and seed-sowing machines can achieve the processes of straw chopping,straw transport,sowing,fertilization,and straw mulching at the same time,which is widely used in many areas of *** device is one of the important components used to convey,elevate and throw ***,the problems of high power consumption and congestion affect the promotion of the ***,the conveying device of uniform crushed straw throwing and seed-sowing machine was analyzed in order to determine its device operation *** and dynamic analyses of particles of crushed rice straw during lifting and dispersion are used to develop a flexible-body model of rod-shaped and agglomerate-shaped crushed straw and a coupling model including the mechanical structure of the *** integrating computational fluid dynamics and the discrete element method,the gas-solid coupling theory in numerical simulations and motion analysis of crushed straw particles is used to determine how the flow field and motion characteristics affect the conveying ***,regression equations to describe the relationships between the factors and each assessment index were established by using the regression analysis and response surface analysis with the software *** effect of throwing blade speed X_(1),conveying volume of crushed straw X_(2),and pipeline diameter X_(3) on the throwing speed of crushed straw Y_(1) and specific power consumption Y2 were *** highest throwing speed of crushed straw and lowest specific power consumption are the optimization *** results of optimization showed that the predict the best optimal parameters were 2000 r/min throwing blade rotational speed,1.4 kg/s conveying volume,and 220 mm pipeline diameter,the planter achieved a throwing speed of 12.2 m/s and specific power consumption of 9179 m^(2)/s^(2).And then a field test verification was *** planter achieved a throwing speed

关键词： rice straw stubble uniform crushed straw throwing coupled CFD-DEM response surface analysis

Study on the four Qi of Pfaffia glomerata based on the metabolomics technology and comparison of Dangshen(Radix Codonopsis) in the equivalent substitution prescription

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第4期44卷 713-721页

作者： SONG Zhenguang YANG Bin WANG Fei YAN Dongmei ZHOU Xiaoqing HUANG Liping gao xuemei LI Bin HUANG Luqi Academician Workstation Jiangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanchang 330004China State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China School of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu 610075China National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CACMS)Beijing 100700China

OBJECTIVE:To explore the four Qi of Pfaffia glomerata(PG)and endow this foreign folk herb with the properties of Chinese medicine,make it Chinese medicinal and localized,and could be used as a Chinese ***:The normal group,six cold herb groups,six hot herb groups,six cool herb groups,PG prescription group(PGPG),and Dangshen(Radix Codonopsis)prescription group(CPPG)were prepared with corresponding concentrations of water extracts,these herb extracts were administered by gavage to SpragueDawley rats,and the 12 h urine at night on the 29th day of the SD rats in each group were collected,Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer system was used to analyze them,the best discriminant models for the medicinal properties of cold-hot and cold-cool were set up,so as to the medicinal properties of PGPG,CPPG and PG were *** on the Progenesis QI,Human Metabolome Database,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,MetaboAnalyst 5.0 database,we enriched metabolic pathway and classification mechanism of medicinal properties of cold-cool Chinese herbs and the molecular mechanism of PG ***:We established a best model of cold-hot herbal discrimination in the positive ion mode,then the probability that PGPG was predicted cold property was 88.9%.Furthermore,a model of cold-cool herbal discrimination was established,then the probability of PGPG containing the cool property was 77.8%.In addition,typical cold and cool herbs mainly affected nine biomarkers such as tyrosine-proline,(R)-3',7-Dihydroxy-2',4'-dimethoxyisoflavane in *** regulation trend of PGPG on markers was basically as same as the cool herbs and mainly involved in regulating the two pathways of cytochrome P450 and purine ***:The results showed PGPG had a cool medicinal property as same as CPPG,and the regulation trend of PGPG on markers was consistent with cool ***,the medicine properties PG and CP should be consistent,and the Traditional Chinese Medicine p

关键词： Pfaffia glomerata medicinal properties of Chinese medicine metabolomics molecular mechanism equivalent substitution

历史保护与延续的“脉”──昆明市传统的城市中轴线

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城市规划 1999年第4期23卷 41-44页

作者： gao xuemei 昆明市规划设计研究院

With rapid development ,the old city is experiencing *** suggests that the existing axis of the old city be reconstructedorder to protect the old town with historical interests.

关键词：昆明市历史文化名城保护中轴线