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Solar-Driven Artificial Carbon Cycle

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2022年第1期40卷 153-159页

作者： chao gao Yujie Xiong Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui 230026China

Constituting the artificial carbon cycle,for example,through recycling CO_(2) and converting CH_(4) to value-added fuels and chemicals with solar energy,offers a sustainable future for humankind to tackle the global environmental issues and energy ***,significant bottlenecks remain in such photocatalytic conversion,mainly related to the reaction activity and product ***,we share our efforts and systematic research progress on addressing the double bottlenecks for achieving solar-driven artificial carbon cycle,with specifically focusing on the photocatalytic CO_(2) and CH_(4) *** further elucidate the common fundamentals behind various designed photocatalytic materials *** future development,we highlight the opportunities and challenges in the research field.

关键词： Carbon storage Photocatalysis Energy conversion Carbon dioxide reduction Methane conversion

Defect engineering: A versatile tool for tuning the activation of key molecules in photocatalytic reactions

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2019年第10期28卷 43-57页

作者： Ning Zhang chao gao Yujie Xiong Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) and School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of China

Many photocatalytic reactions such as CO2 reduction and N2 fixation are often limited by the activation of some key molecules. Defects in solid materials can robustly introduce coordinately unsaturated sites to serve as highly active sites for molecular chemisorption and activation. As a result, rational defect engineering has endowed a versatile approach to further develop photocatalytic applications beyond water splitting. The subtly designed defects in photocatalysts can play critical and decisive roles in molecular activation as proven in recent years. The defects cannot only serve as active sites for molecular chemisorption, but also spatially supply channels for energy and electron transfer. In this review, we aim to summarize the diversiform photocatalytic applications using defects as active sites, including but not limited to CO2 reduction, O2 activation,H2O dissociation, N2 fixation as well as activation of other molecules. In particular, we emphatically outline how the parameters of defects (e.g.,concentration,location,geometric and electronic structures) can serve as the knobs for maneuvering molecular adsorption and activation as well as altering subsequent reaction pathway. Moreover, we underline the remaining challenges at the current stage and the potential development in the *** is anticipated that this review consolidates the in-depth understanding towards the structure-activity relationship between defects and related reactions.

关键词： Defect engineering Photocatalysis Molecular adsorption Molecular activation Electron transfer

Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Progress on Coastal Flooding 1995–2016

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Chinese Geographical Science 2018年第6期28卷 998-1008页

作者： gao chao RUAN Tian Department of Geography & Spatial Information Techniques Ningbo University College of Territorial Resources and Tourism Anhui Normal University

Global research progress on coastal flooding was studied using a bibliometric evaluation of publications listed in the Web of Science extended scientific citation index. There was substantial growth in coastal flooding research output, with increasing publications, a higher collaboration index, and more references during the 1995–2016 period. The USA has taken a dominant position in coastal flooding research, with the US Geological Survey leading the publications ranking. Research collaborations at institutional scales have become more important than those at global scales. International collaborative publications consistently drew more citations than those from a single country. Furthermore, coastal flooding research included combinations of multi-disciplinary categories, including ‘Geology' and ‘Environmental Sciences & Ecology'. The most important coastal flooding research sites were wetlands and estuaries. While numerical modeling and 3 S(Remote sensing, RS; Geography information systems, GIS; Global positioning systems, GPS) technology were the most commonly used methods for studying coastal flooding, Lidar gained in popularity. The vulnerability and adaptation of coastal environments, their resilience after flooding, and ecosystem services function showed increases in interest.

关键词： coastal flood scientific outputs bibliometric analysis research trends Web of Science

Graphene nanosheets decorated with Pd,Pt,Au,and Ag nanoparticles:Synthesis,characterization,and catalysis applications

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Science China Chemistry 2011年第2期54卷 397-404页

作者： HE HongKun gao chao MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

We report that noble metal nanopartcles (Pd, Pt, Au, and Ag) decorated-graphene nanosheets can be synthesized with the template of graphene oxide by a one-pot solution-based method. The resulting hybrid materials are characterized by transmission electronic microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy, which demonstrate that the metal nanoparticles have been uniformly deposited on the surfaces of graphene nanosheets. Our results in turn verify that the carboxylic groups of graphene oxide are statistically distributed on its whole sheet surface rather than just at its edges. The graphene-metal nanohybrids can be used as catalysts in the reduction of potassium hexacyanoferrate(Ⅲ) with NaBH4 in aqueous solution. Our results suggest that graphene is a superior substrate to support metals for applications in the heterogeneous catalysis.

关键词： graphene graphene oxide noble metal nanoparticles hybrids catalyst

Functionalization of carbon nanotubes and other nanocarbons by azide chemistry

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Nano-Micro Letters 2010年第3期2卷 213-226页

作者： Jin Han chao gao MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang University

Following the conventional carbon allotropes of diamond and graphite,fullerene,carbon nanotubes(CNTs) and graphene as 0D,1D and 2D graphitic macromolecules have been discovered recently in succession,declaring the unlimited potential of carbon-based nanomaterials and *** CNTs exhibit significant potential applications in advanced materials and other fields due to their extraordinary mechanical strength and electrical/thermal conductivity properties,their low solubility,poor wettability and bad dispersibility in common solvents and solid matrices have limited their processing and ***,the attempt to achieve wettable/processable CNTs by functionalization has attracted increasing attention in both scientific and industrial *** recent years,azide chemistry has been demonstrated as a powerful means to covalently modify *** consists of two major approaches:click chemistry and nitrene chemistry,which both involve the usage of various azide *** former one is based on highly reactive and stereospecifical Cu(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction;the latter one is based on the electrophilic attack to unsaturated bonds of CNTs with nitrenes as reactive intermediates formed from thermolysis or photolysis of *** this mini-review paper,the azide chemistry to functionalize CNTs is highlighted and the corresponding functionalization routes to build CNT-based complex structures are also ***,covalent functionalizations of other graphitic nanomaterials such as fullerence and graphene,via azide chemistry,are commented briefly.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes Functionalization Click chemistry Nitrene chemistry Nanocomposites Fullerene Graphene

Inverse design of truss lattice materials with superior buckling resistance

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2361-2372页

作者： Marco Maurizi chao gao Filippo Berto Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU)Trondheim7491Norway

Manipulating the architecture of materials to achieve optimal combinations of properties(inverse design)has always been the dream of materials scientists and *** represent an efficient way to obtain lightweight yet strong materials,providing a high degree of *** massive research has been done on lattice architectures,the inverse design problem of complex phenomena(such as structural instability)has remained *** deep neural network and genetic algorithm,we provide a machine-learning-based approach to inverse-design non-uniformly assembled *** basic building blocks,our approach allows us to independently control the geometry and topology of periodic and aperiodic *** an example,we inverse-design lattice architectures with superior buckling performance,outperforming traditional reinforced grid-like and bio-inspired lattices by~30–90%and 10–30%,*** results provide insights into the buckling behavior of beam-based lattices,opening an avenue for possible applications in modern structures and infrastructures.

关键词： buckling inverse lattice

Hydroclimatic anomalies in China during the post-Laki years and the role ofconcurring El Nino

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2021年第2期12卷 187-198页

作者： gao chao-chao YANG Lin-Shan LIU Fei Department of Environmental Science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere‒Ocean System Ministry of Education School of Atmospheric SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai519082China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhuhai519082China

Arctic is warming at an alarming speed causing accelerated melting of Greenland and rising of sea level,and geoengineering by injectingaerosol into stratosphere(SAI)has been proposed as a backup approach to mitigate ***,studies suggest that SAI implementationmay have adverse impacts on global especially monsoon precipitation,and Northern Hemisphere high-latitude injections may have dis-proportionally high effects than tropical *** 1783e1784 CE Laki eruption in Iceland provides an analogy to study the climatic andthe subsequent socioecological responses to Arctic SAI,and China possesses a rich legacy of documents recording climatic disasters anddescribing their direct impacts on agriculture and *** the most recent summer precipitation reconstructions and the documentary data,this study presents a systemic analysis of the hydroclimatic anomalies as well as the societal and ecological consequences in China following the1783e1784 CE Laki *** results from multi-proxies show severe drought conditions in eastern China during the post-Laki years,accompanied by large scale locust breakout,famine and human *** drought and associated disasters first emerged in the North ChinaPlain in 1784 CE,intensified and expanded to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in 1785 *** drought and famine stresses inChina are part of the very unsettled climate conditions experienced across the Northern Hemispheric world during the *** isolating theENSO-induced precipitation from the reconstructed summer precipitation changes,our results indicate that the Laki eruption did cause severedrought in monsoon China during the next three *** drought responses in the 1783e1784 were largely counter-balanced by the wettinginduced by the concurring strong El Ni~no *** results help to enhance our understanding of the hydroclimate consequence of NH highlatitude volcanic eruption in China,and the potential role climate interna

关键词： 1783‒1784 CE Laki eruption Hydroclimatic anomalies China El Nino Proxy reconstruction

Path of Momentum Integral in the Skorniakov-Ter-Martirosian Equation

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2018年第12期69卷 753-758页

作者： chao gao Peng Zhang Department of Physics Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China Department of Physics Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing 10084China Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices Renmin University of China Beijing 100872China

The Skorniakov-Ter-Martirosian(STM) integral equation is widely used for the quantum three-body problems of low-energy particles(e.g., ultracold atom gases). With this equation these three-body problems can be efficiently solved in the momentum space. In this approach the boundary condition for the case that all the three particles are gathered together is described by the upper limit of the momentum integral, i.e., the momentum cutoff. On the other hand, in realistic systems, the three-body recombination(TBR) process can occur when all these three particles are close to each other. In this process two particles form a deep dimer and the other particle can gain high kinetic energy and then escape from the low-energy system. In the presence of the TBR process, the momentum-cutoff in the STM equation would include a non-zero imaginary part. As a result, the momentum integral in the STM equation should be done in the complex-momentum plane. In this case the result of the integral depends on the choice of the integral path. Obviously, only one integral path can lead to the correct result. In this paper we consider how to correctly choose the integral path for the STM equation. We take the atom-dimer scattering problem in a specific ultracold atom gas as an example, and show the results given by different integral paths. Based on the result for this case we explore the reasonable integral paths for general case.

关键词： STM equation integral path atom-dimer scattering

COUPLING EFFECT OF FLEXIBLE JOINT AND FLEXIBLE LINK ON DYNAMIC SINGULARITY OF FLEXIBLE MANIPULATOR

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2008年第1期21卷 9-12页

作者： gao Zhihui YUN chao BIAN Yushu School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Beihang University Beijing 100083 China

The coupling effect of the flexible joint and the flexible link on the dynamic singularity of the flexible manipulator is addressed. Firstly, the dynamic equations of a flexible manipulator with a flexible joint and a flexible link are derived. Secondly, the relationship and property between the flexible joint and the flexible link are analyzed. It shows that the flexible joint＇s amplitude will increase abruptly, thereby the dynamic singularity occurs if the frequency of a flexible joint is near or equal to some natural frequency of a flexible link. Finally, some numerical simulations which will verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis, are carded out. The results are fundamental for the design of a flexible manipulator and for the avoidance of the dynamic singularity.

关键词： Dynamic singularity Resonance Natural frequency Flexible manipulator