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Lunar potassium distribution:Results from Chang'E-1 gamma ray spectrometer

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2011年第11期54卷 2083-2090页

作者： ZHU Meng-Hua ma Tao CHANG jin TANG ZeSheng IP Wing-Huen {2. AoAo Space Exploration Laboratory Macao University of Science and Technology Avenida Wai Long Taipa Macao China purple mountain {2. Chinese Academy of Sciences 2 West Beijing Road Nanjing 210008 China

The global map of potassium is represented in this paper from Chang'E-1 (CE-1) Gamma-ray Spectrometer (CGRS) for its one-year *** a linear relationship between net count rate and its abundance,the average potassium abundance of individual landing sites is used as ground-truth for the calibration to derive the global map of absolute *** CGRS spectra have a lower signal-to-noise ratio,the translated map still keeps relative *** calculated from Apollo,Lunar Prospector,and Kaguya,global potassium map from CGRS shows high concentrations on the lunar nearside and secondary concentrations located in the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin on the *** comparison with Lunar Prospector potassium map shows a good correlation,though abundances on the highlands of the farside are much lower than that of Lunar *** the footprint of CGRS measurements is larger than the sampling radius of each landing site,the calibrated map shows a larger variation range of the scale than that of Lunar Prospector,which was derived using theoretical calculation;namely,the calibrated map has higher values in the areas with high concentration while having lower values for the areas with lower ***,the derived potassium map is more consistent with the lunar sample data than that of Lunar Prospector.

关键词： Chang'E-1 gamma-ray spectrometer potassium distribution empirical calibration

Einstein Probe discovery of EP2.04.8a:A peculiar X-ray transient with an intermediate timescale

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年

作者： Wenda Zhang Weimin Yuan Zhixing Ling Yong Chen Nanda Rea Arne Rau Zhiming Cai Huaqing Cheng Francesco Coti Zelati Lixin Dai jingwei Hu Shumei Jia Chichuan jin Dongyue Li Paul O’Brien Rongfeng Shen Xinwen Shu Shengli Sun Xiaojin Sun Xiaofeng Wang Lei Yang Bing Zhang Chen Zhang Shuang-Nan Zhang Yonghe Zhang Jie An David Buckley Alexis Coleiro Bertrand Cordier Liming Dou Rob Eyles-Ferris Zhou Fan Hua Feng Shaoyu Fu Johan P. U. Fynbo Lluis Galbany Saurabh W. Jha Shuaiqing Jiang Albert Kong Erik Kuulkers Weihua Lei Wenxiong Li Bifang Liu Mingjun Liu Xing Liu Yuan Liu Zhu Liu Chandreyee maitra Alessio marino Itumeleng Monageng Kirpal Nandra Jeremy Sanders Roberto Soria Lian Tao Junfeng Wang Song Wang Tinggui Wang Zhongxiang Wang Qingwen Wu xuefeng Wu Dong xu Yanjun xu Suijian xue Yongquan xue Zijian Zhang Zipei Zhu Hu Zou Congying Bao Fansheng Chen Houlei Chen Tianxiang Chen Wei Chen Yehai Chen Yifan Chen Chenzhou Cui Weiwei Cui Yanfeng Dai Dongwei Fan Ju Guan Dawei Han Dongjie Hou Haibo Hu maohai Huang Jia Huo Zhenqing Jia Bowen Jiang Ge jin Chengkui Li Junfei Li Longhui Li maoshun Li Wei Li Zhengda Li Tianying Lian Congzhan Liu Heyang Liu Huaqiu Liu Fangjun Lu Laidan Luo Jia ma xuan mao Haiwu Pan Xin Pan Liming Song Hui Sun Yunyin Tan Qingjun Tang Yihan Tao Hao Wang Juan Wang Lei Wang Wenxin Wang Yilong Wang Yusa Wang Qinyu Wu Haitao xu jingjing xu Xinpeng xu Yunfei xu Zhao xu Changbin xue Yulong xue Ailiang Yan Haonan Yang Xiongtao Yang Yanji Yang Juan Zhang Mo Zhang Wenjie Zhang Zhen Zhang Zhen Zhang Ziliang Zhang Donghua Zhao Haisheng Zhao Xiaofan Zhao Zijian Zhao Hongyan Zhou Yilin Zhou Yuxuan Zhu Zhencai Zhu Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Innovation academy for Microsatellites chinese academy of Sciences Department of Physics University of Hong Kong School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leicester School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen University National Astronomical Observatories Department of Physics Anhui Normal University Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics chinese academy of Sciences Physics Department Tsinghua University Nevada Center for Astrophysics University of Nevada Las Vegas Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nevada Las Vegas chinese academy of Sciences South African Astronomical observatory Department of Astronomy University of Cape Town Department of Physics University of the Free State Universite' Paris Cite' CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie Universite' Paris Cite' CEA Paris-Saclay School of Astronomy and Space Sciences IRFU/DAp-AIM Department of Astronomy Guangzhou University Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers the State University of New Jersey Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of chinese academy of Sciences The University of Tokyo ESA/ESTEC Noordwijk 2.01 AZ The Netherlands Department of Astronomy School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino Sydney Institute for Astronomy School of Physics Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics The University of Sydney Department of Astronomy Xiamen University Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal University Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology Hefei School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of china Institute of High Energy Physics Institute of Deep Space Sciences Deep Space Exploration Laboratory Department of Astronomy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Shanghai Astronomical observatory chinese academy of Science

We report the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient,EP2.04.8a,by Einstein Probe （EP） and follow-up studies made with EP,Swift,NICER,GROND,ATCA and other ground-based multiwavelength *** new transient was first detected with Wide-field X-ray Telescope （WXT） on board EP on April 8th,2.2.,manifested in an intense yet brief X-ray flare lasting for *** flare reached a peak flux of 3.9×10-9erg cm-2.-1in 0.5-4.keV,300 times brighter than the underlying X-ray emission detected throughout the *** and more precise follow-up observations by EP/FXT,Swift and NICER confirmed the finding of this new *** X-ray spectrum is non-thermal in 0.5-10 keV,with a power-law photon index varying *** X-ray light curve shows a plateau lasting for4.,followed by a steep decay till becoming undetectable10 d after the initial *** on its temporal property and constraints from previous EP observations,an unusual timescale in the range of 7-2. d is found for EP2.04.8a,which is intermediate between the commonly found fast and long-term *** counterparts have been found in optical and near-infrared,with the earliest observation at 17 h after the initial X-ray detection,suggestive of intrinsically weak emission in these *** demonstrate that the remarkable properties of EP2.04.8a are inconsistent with any of the transient types known so far,by comparison with,in particular,jetted tidal disruption events,gamma-ray bursts,X-ray binaries and fast blue optical *** nature of EP2.04.8a thus remains an *** suggest that EP2.04.8a may represent a new type of transients with intermediate timescales of the order of10 *** detection and follow-ups of more of such objects are essential for revealing their origin.

关键词：

Hard X-ray Imager (HXI) onboard the ASO-S mission

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2019年第11期19卷 49-62页

作者： Zhe Zhang Deng-Yi Chen Jian Wu jin Chang Yi-Ming Hu Yang Su Yan Zhang Jian-Ping Wang Yao-Ming Liang Tao ma Jian-Hua Guo Ming-Sheng Cai Yong-Qiang Zhang Yong-Yi Huang Xiao-Yan Peng Zong-Bin Tang {2.an Zhao Hong-He Zhou Lian-Guo Wang jing-Xing Song Miao ma Guang-Zhou {2. Jian-Feng Yang Di Lu Ying-Hong He jin-You Tao Xiao-Long ma Bao-gang Lv Yan-Ping Bai Cai-Xia Cao Yu Huang Wei-Qun gan Key Laboratory of Dark matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210034China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Innovation academy for Microsatellites Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201203China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics Chinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710119China

Hard X-ray Imager(HXI)is one of the three scientific instruments onboard the Advanced Spacebased Solar observatory(ASO-S)mission,which is proposed for the 2.th solar maximum by the {4. solar *** is designed to investigate the non-thermal high-energy electrons accelerated in solar flares by providing images of solar flaring regions in the energy range from 30 keV to 2.0 *** imaging principle of HXI is based on spatially modulated Fourier synthesis and utilizes about 91 sets of bi-grid sub-collimators and corresponding LaBr3 detectors to obtain Fourier components with a spatial resolution of about 3 arcsec and a time resolution better than 0.5 *** engineering prototype has been developed and tested to verify the feasibility of *** this paper,we present background,instrument design and the development and test status of the prototype.

关键词： instrumentation:detectors space vehicles:instruments Sun:X-ray techniques:imaging spectroscopy

Data processing and data products from 2.17 to 2.19 campaign of astronomical site testing at Ali,Daocheng and Muztagh-ata

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020年第6期20卷 109-130页

作者： Zi-Huang Cao jin-Xin Hao Lu Feng Hugh RAJones Jian Li jing {2. Li-Yong Liu Teng-Fei Song Jian-Feng Wang Hua-Lin Chen Yan-Jie {2.e Huang Shen Yong-Heng Zhao Zhao-Xiang Qi Jian-Rong Shi Yuan Tian Zheng Wang Xia Wang jin-Liang Hou jin-Ming Bai Ji Yang {2. Zhou Yong-Qiang Yao Jia Yin Ali Esamdin Guang-Xin Pu Peng Wei Chun-Hai Bai Guo-Jie Feng Lu ma {2.an Zhang Yu Liu Chong Pei Zhi-Xia Shen Yun-Ying Jiang Jian-Feng Tian Xian-Qun Zeng Zhi-gang Hou {2. Yang Jun-Bo Zhang Shi-Long Liao Dong-Wei Fan Yun-Fei {2. Jian-Ping Xiong Tai-Sheng Yan Xi Zhang Chang-Hua Li Yi-Han Tao Si-Cheng Yu Zhi-Song Cao Hong-Shuai Wang National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of chinese academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Shanghai Astronomical observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Centre for Astrophysics University of HertfordshireHatfieldUK School of Journalism Communication University of ChinaBeijing 100024China Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics&Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210042China Xinjiang Astronomical observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650216China purple mountain {2. Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210033China Beijing Kaiyang Space Technology Co. LtdBeijing 100085China

Based on previous site testing and satellite cloud data,Ali,Daocheng and Muztagh-ata have been selected as candidate sites for the Large Optical/Infrared Telescope(LOT) in *** present the data collection,processing,management and quality analysis for our site testing based on using similar *** analyze meteorological data,seeing,background light,cloud and precipitable water vapor data from 2.17 march 10 to 2.19 march *** also investigated the relative usefulness of our all-sky camera data in comparison to that from the meteorological TERRA satellite data based on a night-by-night comparison of the correlation and consistency between *** find a 6% discrepancy arising from a wide range of factors.

关键词： LOT Site-selection-data processing

拟态路由器BGP代理的设计实现与形式化验证

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通信学报 2023年第3期44卷 33-44页

作者：张进葛强徐伟海江逸茗马海龙于洪涛紫金山实验室内生安全研究中心江苏南京211100 东南大学网络空间安全学院江苏南京211100 信息工程大学信息技术研究所河南郑州450000

为确保拟态路由器中协议代理等“拟态括号”关键组件的安全性和功能正确性,设计实现了边界网关协议(BGP)代理,并采用形式化方法对BGP代理的安全性和功能正确性进行了验证。BGP代理通过监听邻居路由器与主执行体之间的BGP会话报文,模拟... 详细信息

为确保拟态路由器中协议代理等“拟态括号”关键组件的安全性和功能正确性,设计实现了边界网关协议(BGP)代理,并采用形式化方法对BGP代理的安全性和功能正确性进行了验证。BGP代理通过监听邻居路由器与主执行体之间的BGP会话报文,模拟邻居路由器与从执行体展开BGP会话,实现各执行体的BGP状态一致。采用VeriFast定理证明器,编写基于分离逻辑的形式化规约,证明程序不会出现空指针引用等内存安全问题,并验证了BGP代理各功能模块实现的高级属性符合功能规约。BGP代理实现与验证代码量之比约为1.8:1,程序设计实现和程序验证所耗费的时间之比约为1:3。经过形式化验证的BGP代理处理100000条BGP路由所花费的时间为0.16 s,约为未经过验证的BGP代理的7倍。研究工作为应用形式化方法证明拟态防御设备与系统中关键组件的安全性和功能正确性提供了参考。

关键词：拟态防御边界网关协议路由器形式化验证

Optical observations of LIGO source GW 170817 by the Antarctic Survey Telescopes at Dome A,Antarctica

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Science Bulletin 2017年第21期62卷 1433-1438页

作者： lei hu xuefeng wu igor andreoni michael c.b.ashley jeff cooke xiangqun cui fujia du zigao dai bozhong gu yi hu haiping lu xiaoyan li zhengyang li ensi liang liangduan liu bin ma zhaohui shang tianrui sun n.b.suntzeff charling tao syed a.uddin lifan wang xiaofeng wang haikun wen di xiao {2. xu ji yang shihai yang xiangyan yuan hongyan zhou hui zhang jilin zhou zonghong zhu purple mountain {2. chinese academy of sciencesNanjing 210008China chinese center for antarctic astronomy Nanjing 210008China school of astronomy and space sciences university of science and technology of chinaHefei 230029China centre for astrophysics and supercomputing swinburne university of technologyHawthornVIC3122Australia the australian research council centre of excellence for gravitational wave discovery(ozgrav) Australia australian astronomical observatory north rydensw 2113Australia school of physics university of new south walesnsw 2052Australia the australian research council centre of excellence for all-sky astrophysics(caastro) Australia nanjing institute of astronomical optics and technology nanjing 210042China school of astronomy and space science and key laboratory of modern astronomy and astrophysics in ministry of education nanjing universitynanjing 210093China national astronomical observatories chinese academy of sciencesBeijing 100012China department of physics tianjin normal universitytianjin 300074china shanghai key laboratory for astrophysics shanghai normal universityshanghai 200234China george p.and cynthia woods mitchell institute for fundamental physics&astronomy texas a.&m.universitydepartment of physics and astronomy4242 tamucollege stationTX 77843USA aix marseille univ CNRS/N2P3CPPMmarseilleFrance physics department and tsinghua center for astrophysics(thca) tsinghua universityBeijing 100084China polar research institute of china shanghai 200136china department of astronomy beijing normal universitybeijing 100875china school of physics and technology wuhan universitywuhan 430072china

The LIGO detection of gravitational waves(GW) from merging black holes in 2.15 marked the beginning of a new era in observational astronomy. The detection of an electromagnetic signal from a GW source is the critical next step to explore in detail the physics involved. The Antarctic Survey Telescopes(AST3),located at Dome A, Antarctica, is uniquely situated for rapid response time-domain astronomy with its continuous night-time coverage during the austral winter. We report optical observations of the GW source(GW 170817) in the nearby galaxy NGC 4.93 using AST3. The data show a rapidly fading transient at around 1 day after the GW trigger, with the i-band magnitude declining from 17:2. ± 0:13 magnitude to 17:72.± 0:09 magnitude in ~1:8 h. The brightness and time evolution of the optical transient associated with GW 170817 are broadly consistent with the predictions of models involving merging binary neutron stars. We infer from our data that the merging process ejected about ~10^(-2. solar mass of radioactive material at a speed of up to 30% the speed of light.

关键词： Gravitational waves Binary neutron stars Gamma-ray bursts

Atlas of dynamic spectra of fast radio burst FRB 2.2.112.A

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chinese Physics B 2023年第2期32卷 1-4页

作者：王铂钧胥恒姜金辰徐江伟牛佳瑞陈平李柯伽张冰朱炜玮东苏勃张春风傅海周德江张永坤王培冯毅李晔李冬子鲁文宾杨元培 RNCaballero 蔡策陈卯蒸戴子高艾力·伊沙木丁甘恒谦韩金林郝龙飞黄玉祥姜鹏李承奎李菂李辉李新乔李志玄刘志勇罗睿门云鹏牛晨辉彭文溪钱磊宋黎明孙京海王发印汪敏王娜王维扬吴雪峰肖硕熊少林徐永华徐仁新杨俊杨轩姚蕊易祁彬岳友岭于东俊余文飞袁建平张彬彬张松波张双南赵一郑伟康朱岩邹金航 Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Astronomy Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China University of chinese academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 76100Israel Nevada Center for Astrophysics University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Physics&Astronomy University of IowaIowa CityIA 52242USA Zhejiang Laboratory HangzhouZhejiang 311121China purple mountain {2. Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China TAPIR Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical PhysicsMail Code 350-17CaltechPasadenaCA 91125USA Department of Astronomy University of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA South-Western Institute For Astronomy Research Yunnan UniversityYunnan 650504China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Xinjiang Astronomical observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China University of Science and Technology of china Anhui 230026China Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650216China Guizhou Normal University Guiyang 550001China CSIRO Space and Astronomy EppingNSW 1710Australia max-Planck institut fur Radioastronomie Auf Dem HugelBonn53121Germany School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Shanghai Astronomical observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics(Nanjing University) Ministry of EducationNanjing 210093China College of Physics Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050024China

Fast radio bursts(FRBs) are highly dispersed millisecond-duration radio bursts,[1,2.of which the physical origin is still not fully understood. FRB 2.2.112.A is one of the most actively repeating FRBs. In this paper, we present the collection of 1863 burst dynamic spectra of FRB 2.2.112.A measured with the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST). The current collection, taken from the observation during the FRB active phase from April to June 2.2., is the largest burst sample detected for any FRB so far. The standard PSRFITs format is adopted, including dynamic spectra of the burst, and the time information of the dynamic spectra, in addition, mask files help readers to identify the pulse positions are also provided. The dataset is available in Science Data Bank, with the link https://***/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00076.

关键词： fast radio burst FAST

Observation of the Crab Nebula with LHAASO-KM2.−a performance study

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chinese Physics C 2021年第2期45卷 518-530页

作者： F.Aharonian Q.An Axikegu L.X.Bai Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi H.Cai J.T.Cai Z.Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang X.C.Chang B.M.Chen J.Chen L.Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen X.L.Chen Y.Chen N.Cheng Y.D.Cheng S.W.Cui X.H.Cui Y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai D.della Volpe B.D'Ettorre Piazzoli X.J.Dong J.H.Fan Y.Z.Fan Z.X.Fan J.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng Y.L.Feng B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu J.G.Guo X.L.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.Han H.H.He H.N.He J.C.He S.L.He X.B.He Y.He M.Heller Y.K.Hor C.Hou X.Hou H.B.Hu S.Hu S.C.Hu X.J.Hu D.H.Huang Q.L.Huang W.H.Huang X.T.Huang Z.C.Huang F.Ji X.L.Ji H.Y.Jia K.Jiang Z.J.Jiang C.jin D.Kuleshov K.Levochkin B.B.Li C.Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li H.Y.Li J.Li K.Li W.L.Li X.Li X.R.Li Y.Li Y.Z.Li Z.Li E.W.Liang Y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu J.S.Liu J.Y.Liu M.Y.Liu R.Y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu Y.N.Liu Z.X.Liu W.J.Long R.Lu H.K.Lv B.Q.ma L.L.ma X.H.ma J.R.mao A.masood W.Mitthumsiri T.Montaruli Y.C.Nan B.Y.Pang P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei M.Y.Qi D.Ruffolo V.Rulev A.Sáiz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng J.R.Shi H.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun P.H.T.Tam Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian B.D.Wang C.Wang H.Wang H.G.Wang J.C.Wang J.S.Wang L.P.Wang L.Y.Wang R.N.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.J.Wang X.Y.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.J.Wang Y.P.Wang Z.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.X.Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu H.R.Wu S.Wu W.X.Wu X.F.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia J.J.Xia G.M.Xiang G.Xiao H.B.Xiao G.G.Xin Y.L.Xin Y.Xing D.L.xu R.X.xu L.xue D.H.Yan C.W.Yang F.F.Yang J.Y.Yang L.L.Yang M.J.Yang R.Z.Yang S.B.Yang Y.H.Yao Z.G.Yao Y.M.Ye L.Q.Yin N.Yin X.H.You Z.Y.You Y.H.Yu Q.Yuan H.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng Z.K.Zeng M.Zha X.X.Zhai B.B.Zhang H.M.Zhang H.Y.Zhang J.L.Zhang J.W.Zhang L.Zhang L.X.Zhang P.F.Zhang P.P.Zhang R.Zhang S.R.Zhang S.S.Zhang X.Zhang X.P.Zhang Y.Zhang Y.F.Zhang Y.L.Zhang B.Zhao J.Zhao L.Zhao L.Z.Zhao S.P.Zhao F.Zheng Y.Zheng B.Zhou H.Zhou J.N.Zhou P.Zhou R.Zhou X.X.Zhou C.G.Zhu F.R.Zhu H.Zhu K.J.Zhu X.Zuo Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences100049 BeijingChina University of chinese academy of Sciences 100049 BeijingChina TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of china 230026 HefeiAnhuiChina Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University100084 BeijingChina National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences100101 BeijingChina National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences100190 BeijingChina School of Physics Peking University100871 BeijingChina Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University510006 GuangzhouGuangdongChina School of Physics and Astronomy&School of Physics(Guangzhou) Sun Yat-sen University519000 ZhuhaiGuangdongChina School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi University530004 NanningGuangxiChina Hebei Normal University 050024 ShijiazhuangHebeiChina School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University450001 ZhengzhouHenanChina School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University210023 NanjingJiangsuChina Key Laboratory of Dark matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of Sciences210023 NanjingJiangsuChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University266237 QingdaoShandongChina Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of Sciences200030 ShanghaiChina Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University200240 ShanghaiChina School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University610031 ChengduSichuanChina College of Physics Sichuan University610065 ChengduSichuanChina Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of Education850000 LhasaTibetChina School of Physics and Tec

A sub-array of the Large High Altitude Air Shower observatory(LHAASO),KM2. is mainly designed to observe a large fraction of the northern sky to hunt for γ-ray sources at energies above 10 *** though the detector construction is still underway,half of the KM2. array has been operating stably since the end of *** this paper,we present the KM2. data analysis pipeline and the first observation of the Crab Nebula,a standard candle in very high energy γ-ray *** detect γ-ray signals from the Crab Nebula in both energy ranges of 10-100 TeV and>100 TeV with high significance,by analyzing the KM2. data of 136 live days between December 2.19 and may *** the observations,we test the detector performance,including angular resolution,pointing accuracy and cosmic-ray background rejection *** energy spectrum of the Crab Nebula in the energy range 10-2.0 TeV fits well with a single power-law function dN/dE=(1.13±0.05stat±0.08sys)×10^(-14..(E/2. TeV)-309±0.06stat±0.02.yscm^(-2. s^(-1) TeV^(-1).It is consistent with previous measurements by other *** opens a new window of γ-ray astronomy above 0.1 PeV through which new ultrahigh-energy γ-ray phenomena,such as cosmic PeVatrons,might be discovered.

关键词： γ-ray Crab Nebula extensive air showers cosmic rays

A dynamic range extension system for LHAASOWCDA-1

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2021年第4期5卷 520-530页

作者： F.Aharonian Q.An Axikegu L.X.Bai Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi H.Cai J.T.Cai Z.Cao Z.Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang X.C.Chang B.M.Chen J.Chen L.Chen L.Chen L.Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.H.Chen S.H.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen X.L.Chen Y.Chen N.Cheng Y.D.Cheng S.W.Cui X.H.Cui Y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai H.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu D.della Volpe B.D’Ettorre Piazzoli X.J.Dong J.H.Fan Y.Z.Fan Z.X.Fan J.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng L.Feng S.H.Feng Y.L.Feng B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.H.Gong Q.B.Gou M.H.Gu J.G.Guo X.L.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.Han H.H.He H.N.He J.C.He S.L.He X.B.He Y.He M.Heller Y.K.Hor C.Hou X.Hou H.B.Hu S.Hu S.C.Hu X.J.Hu D.H.Huang Q.L.Huang W.H.Huang X.T.Huang Y.Huang Z.C.Huang F.Ji X.L.Ji H.Y.Jia K.Jiang Z.J.Jiang C.jin D.Kuleshov K.Levochkin B.B.Li C.Li C.Li F.Li H.B.Li H.C.Li H.Y.Li J.Li K.Li W.L.Li X.Li X.Li X.R.Li Y.Li Y.Z.Li Z.Li Z.Li E.W.Liang Y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu H.Liu H.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu J.S.Liu J.Y.Liu M.Y.Liu R.Y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu Y.N.Liu Z.X.Liu W.J.Long R.Lu H.K.Lv B.Q.ma L.L.ma X.H.ma J.R.mao A.masood W.Mitthumsiri T.Montaruli Y.C.Nan B.Y.Pang P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei M.Y.Qi D.Ruffolo V.Rulev A.Sáiz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng J.R.Shi H.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun P.H.T.Tam Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian B.D.Wang C.Wang H.Wang H.G.Wang J.C.Wang J.S.Wang L.P.Wang L.Y.Wang R.N.Wang W.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.J.Wang X.Y.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.J.Wang Y.P.Wang Z.Wang Z.Wang Z.H.Wang Z.X.Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu H.R.Wu S.Wu W.X.Wu X.F.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia J.J.Xia G.M.Xiang G.Xiao H.B.Xiao G.G.Xin Y.L.Xin Y.Xing D.L.xu R.X.xu L.xue D.H.Yan C.W.Yang F.F.Yang J.Y.Yang L.L.Yang M.J.Yang R.Z.Yang S.B.Yang Y.H.Yao Z.G.Yao Y.M.Ye L.Q.Yin N.Yin X.H.You Z.Y.You Y.H.Yu Q.Yuan H.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng Z.K.Zeng M.Zha X.X.Zhai B.B.Zhang H.M.Zhang H.Y.Zhang J.L.Zhang J.W.Zhang L.Zhang L.Zhang L.X.Zhang P.F.Zhang P.P.Zhang R.Zhang S.R.Zhang S.S.Zhang X.Zhang X.P.Zhang Y.Zhang Y.Zhang Y.F.Zhang Y.L.Zhang B.Zhao J.Zhao L.Zhao L.Z.Zhao S.P.Zhao F.Zheng Y.Zheng B.Zhou H.Zhou J.N.Zhou Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of chinese academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics BeijingChina University of Science and Technology of china Hefei 230026AnhuiChina Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006GuangdongChina School of Physics and Astronomy&School of Physics(Guangzhou) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000GuangdongChina School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004GuangxiChina Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024HebeiChina School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001HenanChina School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Key Laboratory of Dark matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237ShandongChina Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031SichuanChina College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065SichuanChina Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000TibetChina School of Physics

Purpose The main scientific goal of LHAASO-WCDA is to survey gamma-ray sources with energy from 100 GeV to 30 *** observe high-energy shower events,especially to measure the energy spectrum of cosmic rays from 100 TeV to 10 PeV,a dynamic range extension system(WCDA++)is designed to use a 1.5-inch PMT with a dynamic range of four orders of magnitude for each cell in *** The dynamic range is extended by using these PMTs to measure the effective charge density in the core region of air shower events,which is an important parameter for identifying the composition of primary *** and Conclusion The system has been running for more than one *** this paper,the details of the design and performance of WCDA++are presented.

关键词： LHAASO-WCDA WCDA++ Water Cherenkov detector Performance