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Evolution of Mother-to-Child HIV-1 Transmission Rate in Mali from 2009 to 2018

Advances in Microbiology 2024年第5期14卷 256-267页

作者： Alou Sanogo Mohamed Ag Baraïka Maïga Aminata Demba Koita Mahamadou Abdou Mamadou Guindo Clémentine N’Diaye Fatoumata Namoudou Traoré Abdoulaye Bagayoko Youssouf Diallo Flabou Bougoudogo Ibrehima Guindo National Institute for Public Health Bamako Mali Faculty of Pharmacy (FAPH) University of Science of Technical and Technology de Bamako Bamako Mali University Hospital Center (CHU)-Point G Bamako Mali Faculty of Medecine and Odonto-Stomatology University of Science of Technical and Technology de Bamako Bamako Mali Sector Unit for the Fight against AIDS Tuberculosis and Hepatitis Bamako Mali UNICEF (United Nations Children’ s Fund) Bamako Mali

Despite enormous efforts to achieve the goal of eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1, it remains a major challenge for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Mali. Our objective is to assess changes in the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. We conducted a cross-sectional study between January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2018 (10 years) of early diagnosis activity in newborns and children born to HIV-1-positive mothers at the National Institute for Public Health (INSP). The samples came from health and referral centers in mali. All samples were received at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology at the INSP. Proviral DNA extraction was performed from a blood spot sample with a Roche DNA kit, Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan HIV-1 qualitative Test, V2.0 (Roche Molecular System, Inc, USA) following the company procedures. Molecular diagnosis was performed using the same kits using an algorithm of three identical PCRs. The Epi Info version 7 software was used for data analysis with a significance threshold of 5%. A total of 10,714 samples of infants and children born to HIV-positive mothers were analyzed by PCR. Ninety-six percent of mothers were on ARV prophylaxis (AZT 3TC NVP and AZT NVP) and 60% of newborns received the same ARV prophylaxis. Of these children, 956 tested positive with an overall transmission rate of 8.92%, varying between 7.27% in 2009 and 08.01% in 2018. This rate was relatively low among children receiving prophylaxis at 2.04% and remained high for children who received breastfeeding at 5.62%. However, the transmission rate remains low for those who have benefited from mixed and artificial breastfeeding at 1.58% and 1.27% respectively. A significant proportion of children remained infected by their mothers during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding. This study shows the importance of early diagnosis of HIV in children using molecular technology.

关键词： Early Diagnosis Mothers-to-Child Newborns PCR DNA HIV-1

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农村人居环境质量满意度及其影响因素研究——基于183村1362份农户调查数据的分析

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生态经济 2024年第3期40卷 210-214页

作者：韩振罗尔呷刘合光中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所北京100081 浙江大学中国农村发展研究院浙江杭州310007

改善农村人居环境是实施乡村振兴战略的必然要求,探讨人居环境质量满意度的影响因素具有重要的现实意义。论文基于全国183村1362份农户的调查数据,分析农村居民对于人居环境满意度的影响因素,重点关注村级人居硬环境和软环境的影响。研... 详细信息

改善农村人居环境是实施乡村振兴战略的必然要求,探讨人居环境质量满意度的影响因素具有重要的现实意义。论文基于全国183村1362份农户的调查数据,分析农村居民对于人居环境满意度的影响因素,重点关注村级人居硬环境和软环境的影响。研究结论表明:村级人居软环境质量是影响农村居民满意度的主要因素,经济状况、社会监督、外出务工经历以及区域位置等因素也会影响居民的满意度。未来在优化农村人居环境的过程中,一方面要因村施策,整治农村人居“软环境”和“硬环境”,重点解决农村人居环境的短板问题;另一方面,需要挖掘区域的发展潜力,激发农户的内生动力,从整体上提升村庄的经济水平,进而助力于提升人居环境质量,实现乡村振兴。

关键词：农村人居环境乡村振兴满意度经济水平软环境

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Epidemiological and Clinical Profile and Immediate Outcome of Neonates Transferred from the Maternity Unit to the Neonatology Unit of the CSREF in Commune V of Bamako District, Mali

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期14卷 547-557页

作者： Maimouna Kante Ya Traoré Balilé Harber Beydari Mamadou Traoré Issiaka Koné Diéneba Sacko Maimouna Haidara Korotoumou Bamba Assitan Farota Abdoulaye Kassogué Mohamed Diarra Dramane Touré Abdoul Salam Diarra Leyla Maïga Dicko Fatoumata Paediatric Ward CSR&#233f CV Bamako Mali Paediatric Ward of Nianankoro Fomba Hospital S&#233gou Mali Paediatric Ward of Kalaban CoroCSREF Bamako Mali Pediatric Department of the Mopti Reference Health Center Mopti Mali National Centre for Scientific and Technological Research Bamako Mali Paediatrics Department Mohamed VI Perinatal Clinic Bamako Mali Department of Paediatrics Gabriel Tour&#233 University Hospital Bamako Mali

Introduction: Neonatal mortality remains a major public health concern. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), the number of newborns dying each year has fallen from 5 million in 1990 to 2.4 million in 2019. The aim of our study was to describe the main morbid conditions and their lethality in newborns admitted to the paediatric ward of the CSREF in Commune V. Methodology: We conducted a 12-month prospective descriptive and analytical study from August 2020 to July 2021. Results: During the 12 months of the study, out of 2654 neonates admitted to hospital, 216 met our inclusion criteria, i.e. 8%. Newborns admitted in the first few hours of life represented 99.54% of cases. Full-term newborns accounted for 65.74% of the total. Forty-eight percent of newborns had hypothermia on admission. The most common diagnosis was asphyxia in 55.56% of cases, followed by neonatal infection in 27.78% and prematurity in 10.65%. Death was recorded in 22.2% of cases. Asphyxia was the main cause of neonatal death, followed by prematurity in our context. Conclusion: Improving the prognosis of newborn babies will require a thorough understanding of neonatal pathologies and the implementation of a pre- and perinatal prevention policy.

关键词： Newborns Morbidity Mortality

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Simplified method for analyzing soil slope deformation under cyclic loading

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第6期14卷 1967-1976页

作者： ga Zhang Yaliang Wang Fangyue Luo State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

Reasonable assessment of slope deformation under cyclic loading is of great significance for securing the safety of slopes. The observations of centrifuge model tests are analyzed on the slope deformation behavior under cyclic loading conditions. The potential slip surface is the key for slope failure and follows two rules:(i) the relative horizontal displacement along the potential slip surface is invariable at an elevation, and(ii) the soil along the slip surface exhibits the same degradation pattern. These rules are effective regardless of the location of the potential slip surface throughout the entire deformation process of a homogeneous slope, ranging from the initial deformation stage to the failure process and to the post-failure stage. A new, simplified method is proposed by deriving the displacement compatibility equation and unified degradation equation according to the fundamental rules. The method has few parameters that can be determined through traditional element tests. The predictions from the proposed method agree with the centrifuge test results with vertical loading and shaking table loading. This result confirms that the proposed method is effective in predicting the full deformation process of slopes under different cyclic loading conditions.

关键词： Soil slope Cyclic load Deformation Centrifuge model test Slice method

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《四部医典》催泻疗法的理论及实践应用

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中华中医药杂志 2024年第6期39卷 3176-3179页

作者：仁增平措索朗巴珠旦增曲培顿珠嘎务西藏藏医药大学拉萨850000

催泻疗法是藏医古籍《四部医典》中治疗疾病的重要方法之一,其疗法至今应用于藏医临床实践中。文章通过前期诊察、服药方法、泻药弊点、泻药利点4个部分详细阐述了催泻疗法的内容,推广其理论与实践方法。《四部医典》所记载的催泻疗法... 详细信息

催泻疗法是藏医古籍《四部医典》中治疗疾病的重要方法之一,其疗法至今应用于藏医临床实践中。文章通过前期诊察、服药方法、泻药弊点、泻药利点4个部分详细阐述了催泻疗法的内容,推广其理论与实践方法。《四部医典》所记载的催泻疗法内容丰富,治疗治病种类繁多,实践环节详细明了,为藏医治疗疾病的独特疗法,将其疗法安全有效地广泛推广于临床实践当中,具有重要的临床价值和意义。

关键词：《四部医典》催泻疗法理论原理

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Factors Associated with Mortality in Diabetic Patients with End-Stage Renal Failure Starting Emergency Hemodialysis

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2024年第1期14卷 17-24页

作者： gaël Honal Mahoungou Daniel Tony Eyeni Sinomono Farel Elilié Mawa Ongoth Éric Ngandzali-Ngabé Nestor Andzouana Raissa Laure Mayanda Aymande Okoumou-Moko Francky Ambounou Précieux Ngoma Berline Ndinga Héléna Botokoto Bothard Hardy Ibovi Richard Loumingou Department of Nephrology University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Faculty of Health Sciences University Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Congo Department of Metabolic Diseases University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage chronic kidney disease with poor prognosis in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to determine factors associated with mortality in patients starting dialysis treatment for end-stage chronic renal disease in an emergency context. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective study from January 2020 to December 2022 at CHU-B. Data from 79 diabetic patients requiring emergency dialysis were compared with those of 79 non-diabetic patients with an end-stage renal disease requiring emergency dialysis. Data were collected from the Nephrology Department registry. We studied their initial clinical and biological profiles and factors related to mortality. Results: Out of 545 compiled records, 79 diabetic chronic kidney disease patients needing dialysis were included (group 1). A control group of 79 non-diabetic chronic kidney disease patients requiring emergency dialysis was also included (group 2). The average age of patients was 53.5 ± 17 years, and the duration of diabetes at dialysis initiation was 14.8 ± 4.3 years. Twenty-three percent were hypertensive. Fifty-two percent of patients experienced intra-dialytic hypotension. Death occurred in 22% of patients. Results show that age (adjusted OR 1.955;CI: 1.025 - 1.086;p-value: Conclusion: Emergency dialysis in diabetics is associated with unfavorable outcomes in terms of mortality. Despite follow-up, renal involvement remains poorly explored, emphasizing the need for physician awareness.

关键词： Diabetic Nephropathy Emergency Dialysis Republic of the Congo

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Blood Pressure Profile and Glycemic Control of Type 2 Diabetics and Hypertensives at the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital: A Review of 116 Cases

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 61-76页

作者： G. R. C. Millogo A. Thiam Y. Kambiré E. Nongkouni S. E. Dabiré L. J. Kagambéga J. K. Kologo V. N. Yaméogo P. Zabsonré Department of Cardiology Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Cardiology Tengandogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Objective: The association hypertension and diabetes is important. The two pathologies may influence each other. The aim was to study the correlation between glycemic control and blood pressure control and to determine the factors associated with blood pressure control. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical focus over 7 months. Patients were recruited as outpatients and all underwent ambulatory blood pressure measure, glycated hemoglobin and creatinine measurements, and assessment of compliance with treatment. Results: During this period 116 patients were collected. The predominance was female 69%. The mean age of the patients was 62 ± 7 years with a peak between 60 and 70 years. The average age of hypertension was 12 years and that of diabetes 6 1/2 years. The most frequently associated cardiovascular risk factor was a sedentary lifestyle (71.5%) after age. 57.8% of patients were not controlled at the office, with a predominance of systolic hypertension (58.2%). 61.6% of patients were controlled by ambulatory blood pressure measure, a rate of 47.8% of white coat hypertension. Glycemic control was observed in 42.2% of cases and 87% of patients had good renal function (glomerular filter rate ≥ 60 ml/mn). Therapeutic compliance was good in 53.4% of cases and dual therapy was the most used therapeutic modality 44.8% (52 patients) followed by triple therapy. The factors associated with poor blood pressure control were glycemic imbalance, non-compliance and monotherapy. Dual therapy had a protective effect. Conclusion: The association of hypertension and type 2 diabetes is frequent. The risk of occurrence increases with age. Ambulatory blood pressure measure is the best method to assess blood pressure control. Optimization of blood pressure control should also include optimization of glycemic control.

关键词： Blood Pressure Control Glycemic Control Hypertensive and Diabetic Patients

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人工唾液的研究进展

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国际口腔医学杂志 2024年第3期51卷 353-361页

作者：甄亚斐彭显应斌武张平周学东廖玍口腔疾病防治全国重点实验室、国家口腔医学中心、国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心、四川大学华西口腔医学院成都610041 四川大学华西医院实验医学科成都610041

唾液是一种微酸性口腔液,主要由水构成,含有少量无机离子和丰富的蛋白质,这些成分使其具有特殊的流变学和生物学性质,赋予其丰富的生物学功能,对维持口腔及全身健康起重要作用。唾液减少或成分改变会导致口干症,易引发一系列口腔健康失... 详细信息

唾液是一种微酸性口腔液,主要由水构成,含有少量无机离子和丰富的蛋白质,这些成分使其具有特殊的流变学和生物学性质,赋予其丰富的生物学功能,对维持口腔及全身健康起重要作用。唾液减少或成分改变会导致口干症,易引发一系列口腔健康失衡,如口腔灼热,味觉改变,言语、咀嚼和吞咽困难,还会增加患龋病和牙周病等风险,严重影响患者生活质量。口干症的患病率约为20%,且患病率随年龄增长而增加,75岁以上老年人群的患病率约为50%。随着老龄化人口的增加,口干及其并发症已引发不可忽视的健康负担。人工唾液是开发用于模仿天然唾液生物学性质和功能的口腔护理产品,是对症治疗口干症的重要方法之一。安全、有效的人工唾液,对维护老年人口腔健康具有积极作用和市场前景。开发人工唾液首先要全面认识天然唾液的特性。本文系统介绍了天然唾液的成分及生物学功能,并详细描述了人工唾液的流变学行为、摩擦学性质、生物学特性以及临床应用性能等内容,以期为新型人工唾液的开发提供帮助。

关键词：唾液人工唾液流变学行为摩擦学性质生物学特性临床应用

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不同施肥水平对玉树芫根农艺性状、产量及经济效益的影响

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中国瓜菜 2024年第6期37卷 159-166页

作者：吴延寻尕桑赵孟良王鑫淼任延靖青海大学农林科学院西宁810016 青藏高原种质资源研究与利用实验室西宁810016 青海大学农牧学院西宁810016 玉树藏族自治州农牧业综合服务中心青海玉树815000 三江源生态和高原农牧业国家重点实验室·青海大学西宁810016

为进一步提高芫根产量和种植芫根的经济效益,选取玉树藏族自治州地方品种玉树芫根为材料,以不施肥(CK)为对照,研究不同配比的N、P、K肥料对芫根根长、根粗、鲜质量的影响,采用隶属函数法综合评价其农艺性状,并对各个施肥处理获得的经济... 详细信息

为进一步提高芫根产量和种植芫根的经济效益,选取玉树藏族自治州地方品种玉树芫根为材料,以不施肥(CK)为对照,研究不同配比的N、P、K肥料对芫根根长、根粗、鲜质量的影响,采用隶属函数法综合评价其农艺性状,并对各个施肥处理获得的经济效益进行比较。结果表明,NP10处理下根长最长,为5.53 cm,N20处理下对玉树芫根根粗和根鲜质量促进效果最好,分别为9.43 cm和299.33 g。在NP10处理下,根形指数达到0.69,接近圆形,商品性较好。综合评价结果表明,N20(每667 m^(2)追施20 kg尿素)隶属函数值最高,达到0.84,产生的经济效益为1006.39元。综上所述,每667 m^(2)施用20 kg尿素提高了玉树芫根的产量及经济效益,研究结果为后续芫根高产种植提供了合理的施肥方案。

关键词：玉树芫根施肥水平农艺性状产量经济效益

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蒙医学治疗过敏性鼻炎临床研究进展

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中国民族医药杂志 2024年第1期30卷 76-78页

作者：苏龙嘎敖力玛杨杰内蒙古医科大学内蒙古呼和浩特010000 内蒙古医科大学第一附属蒙医中医医院蒙医肺病科内蒙古呼和浩特010000

蒙医药如今受到越来越多百姓欢迎,治疗过敏性鼻炎有独到之处,通过调节身体三根平衡、消“黏”、清血希拉热、调和体素达到治疗目的,因其疗效显著、疗程较短、复发率低、无毒副作用、服药后无不良反应等特点受到更多人的青睐,本文查阅蒙... 详细信息

蒙医药如今受到越来越多百姓欢迎,治疗过敏性鼻炎有独到之处,通过调节身体三根平衡、消“黏”、清血希拉热、调和体素达到治疗目的,因其疗效显著、疗程较短、复发率低、无毒副作用、服药后无不良反应等特点受到更多人的青睐,本文查阅蒙医学经典文献,分析蒙医学对过敏性鼻炎认识,归纳整理近7年蒙医现代临床诊疗研究,方便临床参考。

关键词：过敏性鼻炎蒙医鼻亚玛机制

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