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Relating estimates of wood properties of birch to stem form, age and species

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 1-11页

作者： grace jones maria Ulan Mateusz Liziniewicz Johan Lindeberg Stergios Adamopoulos Teagasc Forestry Development Department Ashtown Research CentreDublin 15 D15DY05Ireland Research Institutes of Sweden(RISE) GoteborgSweden The Forest Research Institute of Sweden(Skogforsk) Ekebo 225026890SvalovSweden Department of Forestry and Wood Technology Linnaeus University35195VaxjoSweden Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 700875007 UppsalaSweden

Birch has long suffered from a lack of active forest management,leading many researchers to use mate-rial without a detailed management *** collected from three birch(Betula pendula Roth,*** Ehrh.)sites in southern Sweden were analyzed using regression analysis to detect any trends or differences in wood proper-ties that could be explained by stand history,tree age and stem *** sites were genetics trials established in the same *** of acoustic velocity(AV)from non-destructive testing(NDT)and predicted AV had a higher correlation if data was pooled across sites and other stem form factors were considered.A subsample of stems had radial profiles of X-ray wood density and ring width by year created,and wood density was related to ring number from the pith and ring *** seemed likely that wood density was negatively related to ring width for both birch *** models had slight improvements if site and species were included,but only the youngest site with trees at age 15 had both birch *** paper indicated that NDT values need to be considered separately,and any predictive models will likely be improved if they are specific to the site and birch species measured.

关键词： Acoustic velocity Non-destructive testing Predictive models Regression analysis Wood density

Nutritious mushroom protein crisp–healthy alternative to starchy snack

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2021年第1期3卷 416-430页

作者： Venkatesh Balan Dianne Novak William Knudson ADaniel jones Fabiola maria Iñiguez-Franco Rafael Auras Sungeun Cho Am a Rodgers Bryan Ubanwa Department of Engineering Technology Biotechnology ProgramCollege of TechnologyUniversity of HoustonTX 77479 Sugar LandUSA Product Center Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA School of Packaging College of Agriculture&Natural ResourcesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Poultry Science Auburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA

global salty snacks category had reached USD 137 billion in sales in *** to growing health concerns and awareness,consumers are looking for healthy snack choices by avoiding ingredients such as fat,sugar,cholesterol,and sodium and selecting baked and salt free multigrain chips.A sizable number of consumers are concerned about snack nutrition and look for quality ingredients and minimally processed foods called as“good Health Snack(gHS)”.In this work,we present the development of method of producing and testing mushrooms protein crisps(MPC),a healthy alternative to conventional starchy snacks that are rich in protein,nutraceutical compounds,minerals,vitamin,dietary fiber,and immunity inducing *** methods of producing MPC with different seasoning and hydrolyzed protein,calorie,nutritional and chemical composition,consumer response,shelf life after packing and market analysis are *** systematic studies will help to market potential of this product which is a healthy alternative to other calorie rich snacks sold in the market benefiting the consumers.

关键词： Healthy diet Mushroom Starch Obesity Diabetes Cholesterol

Analysis of Capacity Decay, Impedance, and Heat generation of Lithium-ionBatteries Experiencing Multiple Simultaneous Abuse Conditions

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Energy Engineering 2023年第12期120卷 2721-2740页

作者： Casey jones Meghana Sudarshan Vikas Tomar School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette47907USA

Abuse of Lithium-ion batteries,both physical and electrochemical,can lead to significantly reduced operational *** some instances,abuse can cause catastrophic failure,including thermal runaway,combustion,and *** different test standards that include abuse conditions have been developed,but these generally consider only one condition at a time and only provide go/no-go *** this work,different types of cell abuse are implemented concurrently to determine the extent to which simultaneous abuse conditions aggravate cell degradation and *** loading is chosen to be the consistent type of physical abuse,and the first group of cells is cycled at different vibrational *** next group of cells is cycled at the same frequencies,with multiple charge pulses occurring during each *** final group of cells is cycled at the same frequencies,with a partial nail puncture occurring near the beginning of *** results show that abusing cells with vibrational loading or vibrational loading with current pulses does not cause a significant decrease in operational capabilities while abusing cells with vibrational loading and a nail puncture drastically reduces operational *** cells with vibration only experience an increase in internal resistance by a factor of 1.09–1.26,the cells with vibration and current pulses experience an increase in internal resistance by a factor of 1.16–1.23,and all cells from each group reach their rated lifetime of 500 cycles without reaching their end-of-life ***,the cells with vibration and nail puncture experience an increase in internal resistance by a factor of 6.83–22.1,and each cell reaches its end-of-life capacity within 50 ***,the results show that testing multiple abuse conditions simultaneously provides a better representation of the extreme limitations of cell operation and should be considered for inclusion in reference test standards.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries dynamic abuse testing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy incremental capacity analysis thermal profile analysis

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如何建立游戏治疗关系

Explaining How： The Intelligibility of Mechanical Explanations in Boyle

作者： (美)maria giordano，(美)garry Landreth，(美)Leslie jones

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Journal of Philosophy Study 2012年第5期2卷 337-346页

作者： Jan-Erik jones Southern Virginia University

In this paper I examine the following claims by William Eaton in his monograph Boyle on Fire：（i） that Boyle＇s religious convictions led him to believe that the world was not completely explicable, and this shows that there is a shortcoming in the power of mechanical explanations; （ii） that mechanical explanations offer only sufficient, not necessary explanations, and this too was taken by Boyle to be a limit in the explanatory power of mechanical explanations; （iii） that the mature Boyle thought that there could be more intelligible explanatory models than mechanism; and （iv） that what Boyle says at any point in his career is incompatible with the statement of maria Boas-Hall, i.e., that the mechanical hypothesis can explicate all natural phenomena. Since all four of these claims are part of Eaton＇s developmental argument, my rejection of them will not only show how the particular developmental story Eaton diagnoses is inaccurate, but will also explain what limits there actually are in Boyle＇s account of the intelligibility of mechanical explanations. My account will also show why important philosophers like Locke and Leibniz should be interested in Boyle＇s philosophical work.

关键词： Robert Boyle William Eaton maria Boas-Hall mechanism explanation intelligibility

A Scientometric Approach to Analyze Scientific Development on Renewable Energy Sources

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Journal of Data and Information Science 2021年第1期6卷 87-119页

作者： jones Luís Schaefer Julio Cezar Mairesse Siluk Ismael Cristofer Baierle Elpidio Oscar Benitez Nara Universidade Federal de Santa maria Avenida Roraima1000Santa Maria 97105-900Brazil Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul Avenida Independencia2293Santa CruzRS 96815-900Brazil

Purpose: This paper aims to point out the scientific development and research density of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic, wind, and biomass, using a mix of computational tools. Based on this, it was possible to verify the existence of new research trends and opportunities in a macro view regarding management, performance evaluation, and decision-making in renewable energy generation systems and ***/methodology/approach: A scientometric approach was used based on a research protocol to retrieve papers from the Scopus database, and through four scientometric questions, to analyze each area. Software such as the Science Mapping Analysis Software Tool(Sci MAT) and Sci2 Tool were used to map the science development and ***: The scientific development of renewable energy areas is highlighted, pointing out research opportunities regarding management, studies on costs and investments, systemic diagnosis, and performance evaluation for decision-making in businesses in these *** limitations: This paper was limited to the articles indexed in the Scopus database and by the questions used to analyze the scientific development of renewable energy *** implications: The results show the need for a managerial perspective in businesses related to renewable energy sources at the managerial, technical, and operational levels, including performance evaluation, assertive decision making, and adequate use of technical and financial ***/value: This paper shows that there is a research field to be explored, with gaps to fill and further research to be carried out in this area. Besides, this paper can serve as a basis for other studies and research in other areas and domains.

关键词： Solar energy Photovoltaic energy Wind energy Biomass energy Scientometrics

Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.Debele Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi maria de Fatima Andrade maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep Bhui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao Frederic Coulon Jill L.Edmondson David Fletcher Edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli Christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence jones global Centre for Clean Air Research(gCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of Built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School Design and the Built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate ***,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(gBgI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air *** many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified gBgI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 gBgI types categorized under 10 main *** gBgI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling ***,several other gBgI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current gBgI in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future *** global gBgI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

Puerto Rico’s Water Supply: An Investigation of the Levels of Trihalomethanes and Other Contaminants

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Journal of geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第8期11卷 1-21页

作者： Yaritza jones Wendy Wilburn Sujata guha Ryan Beni Department of Chemistry Tennessee State University Nashville TN USA

The US Commonwealth of Puerto Rico is comprised of 143 islands, atolls, cays, and islets. Of the 143 localities, only 3 islands are inhabited: The mainland (often referenced as Puerto Rico), Culebra, and Vieques. To properly analyze the water supply quality, the mainland will be the focal point for examining environmental and social injustices. Puerto Rico is a racially diverse but ethnically homogenous territory, with most of the commonwealth living below the poverty level. Access to clean water sources is always tenuous in Puerto Rico. Over 70 percent of the island is served by water, violating US health standards. However, the recent hurricanes made the situation even more detrimental. According to data reported between January 2015 and March 2018 by the Consumer Confidence Report (CCR), 97 percent of the population of Puerto Rico utilizes a common drinking water system with one or more recent violations of the Safe Drinking Water Act for its testing requirements for lead and copper levels. The amounts found were far higher than any US state, meaning that virtually everyone on the island gets water from systems that violated testing or reporting requirements. In this study, we have collected and analyzed the levels of trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), copper, lead, and total organic compounds (TOCs) in drinking water providing systems in Puerto Rico and compared them with the recommended levels of contaminants provided by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines. Many of these reported contaminants can have serious and detrimental health effects after prolonged exposure to higher concentrations of the contaminants found in the drinking water sources of Puerto Rico.

关键词： Water Quality Social Disparity Puerto Rico Contaminants Household Income Income Per Capita Environmental Justice Hurricane maria

Large ferro-pyro-phototronic effect in 0.5Ba(Zr_(0.2)Ti_(0.8))O_(3)-0.5(Ba_(0.7)Ca_(0.3))TiO_(3)thin films integrated on silicon for photodetection

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Carbon Energy 2023年第6期5卷 1-10页

作者： JoséP.B.Silva Katarzyna gwozdz Luís S.Marques Mario Pereira maria J.M.gomes Judith L.MacManus‐Driscoll Robert L.Z.Hoye Centre of Physics of Universities of Minho and Porto(CF‐UM‐UP) University of MinhoBragaPortugal Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies LapMETUniversity of MinhoBragaPortugal Department of Quantum Technologies Faculty of Fundamental Problems of TechnologyWroclaw University of Science and TechnologyWroclawPoland Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy CambridgeUK Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Department of Materials Imperial College LondonLondonUK

Coupling together the ferroelectric,pyroelectric,and photovoltaic characteristics within a single material is a novel way to improve the performance of *** this work,we take advantage of the triple multifunctionality shown by 0.5Ba(Zr_(0.2)Ti_(0.8))O_(3)-0.5(Ba_(0.7)Ca_(0.3))TiO_(3)(BCZT),as demonstrated in an Al/Si/SiOx/BCZT/ITO thin-film *** Si/SiOx acts as an n-type layer to form a metal-ferroelectric-insulator-semiconductor heterostructure with the BCZT,and with Al and ITO as *** photo-response of the device,with excitation from a violet laser(405 nm wavelength),is carefully investigated,and it is shown that the photodetector performance is invariant with the chopper frequency owing to the pyro-phototronic effect,which corresponds to the coupling together of the pyroelectric and photovoltaic ***,the photodetector performance was significantly better than that of the devices operating based only on the pyro-phototronic effect by a factor of 4,due to the presence of ferroelectricity in the ***,after a poling voltage of−15 V,for a laser power density of 230mW/cm^(2)and at a chopper frequency of 400Hz,optimized responsivity,detectivity,and sensitivity values of 13.1mA/W,1.7×10^(10)jones,and 26.9,respectively,are ***,ultrafast rise and fall times of 2.4 and 1.5μs,respectively,are obtained,which are 35,000 and 36,000 times faster rise and fall responses,respectively,than previous reports of devices with the ferro-pyro-phototronic *** is understood based on the much faster ferroelectric switching in ferroelectric thin films owing to the predominant 180°domains in a single direction out of plane.

关键词： ferroelectric ferro-pyro-phototronic effect photodetector polarization-controlled response