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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 288-298页

作者： Robert j.moore School of Science RMIT University

The global trend towards raising broiler chickens without the use of in-feed antibiotics(IFAs) means that there is an ongoing need to develop alternative treatments capable of delivering the benefits that IFAs previously provided. IFAs supported the productivity performance of chickens and played a key role in maintaining their health. Necrotic enteritis(NE) is an important disease of broilers that affects health,productivity, and welfare, and was previously well controlled by IFAs. However, with the reduction in IFA use, NE is resurgent in some countries. Vaccines and various feed additives, including pre-, pro-, and postbiotics, phytobiotics, fatty acids, and phage therapies have been introduced as alternative methods of NE control. While some of these feed additives have specific activity against the NE pathogen, Clostridium perfringens, most have the more general goal of reinforcing gut health. Extensive reviews of the effects of many of these feed additives on gut health have been published recently. Hence, rather than cover previously well reviewed areas of research this review focuses on the challenges and pitfalls in undertaking experimental assessment of alternative NE treatments and translating laboratory research to real world commercial production settings. The review is based on the author's particular experience,reading, thoughts, and analysis of the available information and inevitably presents a particular understanding that is likely to be at odds with others thinking on these issues. It is put forward to stimulate thinking and discussion on the issues covered.

关键词： Necrotic enteritis Clostridium perfringens Vaccines Feed additive Farm management

Layer chicken microbiota:a comprehensive analysis of spatial and temporal dynamics across all major gut sections

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1056-1070页

作者： Yadav Sharma Bajagai Thi Thu Hao Van Nitish joat Kapil Chousalkar Robert j.moore Dragana Stanley Institute for Future Farming Systems Central Queensland UniversityRockhamptonQLD 4701Australia School of Science RMIT UniversityBundooraVIC 3083Australia School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences The University of AdelaideRoseworthySouth Australia 5371Australia

Background The gut microbiota influences chicken health,welfare,and productivity.A diverse and balanced microbiota has been associated with improved growth,efficient feed utilisation,a well-developed immune system,disease resistance,and stress tolerance in *** studies on chicken gut microbiota have predominantly focused on broiler chickens and have usually been limited to one or two sections of the digestive system,under con-trolled research environments,and often sampled at a single time *** extend these studies,this investigation examined the microbiota of commercially raised layer chickens across all major gut sections of the digestive system and with regular sampling from rearing to the end of production at 80 *** aim was to build a detailed picture of microbiota development across the entire digestive system of layer chickens and study spatial and temporal *** The taxonomic composition of gut microbiota differed significantly between birds in the rearing and pro-duction stages,indicating a shift after laying *** microbiota compositions were observed between proven-triculus and gizzard,as well as between jejunum and ileum,likely due to their anatomical ***-lus dominated the upper gut in pullets and the lower gut in older *** oesophagus had a high proportion of Proteobacteria,including opportunistic pathogens such as *** abundance of gallibacterium increased after peak production in multiple gut *** was enriched in the late-lay phase compared to younger birds in multiple gut *** influenced microbial richness and diversity in different *** upper gut showed decreased diversity over time,possibly influenced by dietary changes,while the lower gut,specifi-cally cecum and colon,displayed increased richness as birds ***,age-related changes were inconsist-ent across all organs,suggesting the influence of organ-specific factors in micro

关键词： Chicken microbiota gut microbiota Layers Spatial variation Temporal variation

Music alters heart rate and psychological responses but not muscle activation during light-intensity isometric exercise

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第4期6卷 394-401页

作者： Andrew R.moore jasmin C.Hutchinson Christa Winter Paul C.Dalton Lori A.Bolgla Vincent j.Paolone Department of Kinesiology Augusta University112015th St.AugustaGA30912USA Department of Exercise Science&Athletic Training Springfield College263 Alden St.SpringfieldMA01109USA Department of Psychology Springfield College263 Alden St.SpringfieldMA01109USA Heart&Vascular Institute Penn State College of MedicinePenn State University500 HMC Crescent RoadNorth Lobby HersheyPA17033USA Department of Physical Therapy Augusta University112015th St.AugustaGA30912USA

Listening to music manipulates attention to be more externally focused,which has the potential to improve muscular *** study aimed to determine the effect of listening to music on muscle activation during an isometric exercise task,and compare this effect to those of other attentional focus *** healthy subjects(n=35;16 men/19 women)completed an isometric elbow flexion task for 1 min in three randomized and counterbalanced conditions:internal focus(INT),external focus with a simple distraction task(EXT),or listening to music(MUS).Muscle activation of the biceps and triceps brachii and heart rate(HR)were recorded throughout the exercise *** of perceived exertion(RPE),affective valence,and motivation were measured at the end of each *** was no difference in muscle activation measures among the three *** during MUS was lower than EXT at 15 s([89.4±11.8]beats/min vs.[93.1±12.9]beats/min;p=0.018)and 30 s([90.6±12.4]beats/min vs.[94.2±12.5]beats/min;p=0.026),and lower than INT at 60 s([93.3±13.3]beats/min vs.[96.7±12.0]beats/min;p=0.016).Overall RPE was higher for INT(13.4±2.2)than for MUS([12.6±2.0];p=0.020)and EXT([11.94±2.22];pgher for MUS than for INT([2.7±1.4]vs.[2.1±1.5];p=0.011).Manipulating attentional focus did not alter muscle activation for a light-intensity isometric muscular endurance task,though MUS was reported as more positive and requiring less exertion to complete than *** music can therefore be recommended during light-intensity isometric exercise based on the psychological benefits observed.

关键词： Electromyography Attentional focus Rating of perceived exertion Elbow flexion

利用临床影像资料进行放射学分析:自动化测量脑容积的可靠性

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国际医学放射学杂志 2017年第6期 718-718页

作者： V.R.Adduru A.M.Michael M.Helguera S.A.Baum g.j.moore 刘会佳 Department of Radiology Geisinger Health System

摘要目的采用SPM(***/spm/)、Free Surfer(***)和FSL(https://***/fsl)3种广泛应用的自动化方法验证厚层MRI影像测

关键词： WMV

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虐待性头部外伤硬脊膜下出血:回顾性研究

国际医学放射学杂志 2012年第2期 171-171页

作者： A.K.Choudhary R.K.Bradford M.S.Dias g.j.moore D.K.B.Boal 陈娟 Department of Radiology Penn State University College of MedicineMilton S.Hershey Medical Center500 University DrHershey PA 17033

目的比较虐待性头部外伤患儿与意外创伤患儿硬脊膜下出血的相对发病率、分布及影像学特征。方法本研究得到了人类受试者保护办公室的事先批准。免除了知情同意。符合HIPAA要求。通过病例回顾收集到1997年—2009年间在

关键词：头部外伤患儿病人硬脊膜意外创伤

Invasion of the biosphere by synthetic polymers:What our current knowledge may mean for our future

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第5期38卷 161-164页

作者： Charles j.moore Algalita Marine Research and Education

In 1974,a member of the Council of the British Plastics Federation and a fellow of the Plastics Institute,stated that“Plastics litter is a very small proportion of all litter and causes no harm to the environment except as an eyesore”(Derraik,2002).It has taken less than fifty years for that opinion to be completely discredited,indeed,that opinion was already in doubt the moment it was ***,it was the strong denial by the plastic industry that plastics could cause harm that delayed the study of plastic’s environmental effects for *** until moore et al.(2001)found six times as much plastic as zooplankton by weight in the surface waters of the North Pacific Subtropical gyre(NPSg).

关键词： Invasion the biosphere our future

Does the scent of a potential mate prevent the resorption of oocytes by apoptosis in Nauphoeta cinerea？

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Insect Science 2009年第5期16卷 393-398页

作者： Emma L. B. Barrett Allen j. moore Patricia j. moore Centre for Ecology and Conservation School of Biosciences University of Exeter Cornwall Campus Penryn Cornwall UK

We expect organisms to have evolved mechanisms to gather and use the information available within their environments, to steer resource investment decisions toward the traits that will give the greatest fitness returns. Pheromones are social signals, a common purpose of which is to act as indicators of mate presence. Consequently, pheromones have the potential to act as signals to increase or maintain reproductive investment over that of competing life-history traits. In the cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea （Oliver）, females pay costs of maintaining investment in reproduction when there are no males, and males produce pheromones that are known to effect female reproductive outcomes. Whether the pheromones have an influence on resource physiology is unknown. We subjected newly eclosed females to either a synthetic blend of male pheromones or control. We dissected females at 7, 12, 17 or 22 days. We measured apoptosis levels and size of all oocytes within the vitellerium, and measured dry fat body mass. Synthetic male pheromone blend did not have an effect on any measure of female reproductive or somatic resource physiology. Although negative results are always problematic, the success of the synthetic pheromone method in the past suggests that females may be insensitive to male pheromones in the pre-oviposition period, and may rely on mating stimulus rather than pheromone as the cue for oocyte maintenance and growth. Previous studies reporting effects of male pheromones on female reproduction suggest that the period of pheromone sensitivity may be between mating and birth.

关键词： apoptosis environment oocyte ovary pheromone predictable trade-off

The impact of seasonality on multi-scale feature extraction techniques

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International journal of Digital Earth 2020年第1期13卷 9-21页

作者： Brian moore jacob j.McKee geographic Information Science and Technology group Computational Sciences and Engineering DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA

A key component in constructing a broad-scale,gridded population dataset is fine resolution geospatial data accurately depicting the extent of human *** datasets are often developed using a wide range of methods and classification techniques,including the use of spatial features,spectral features,or the coupling of both to identify the presence of man-made structures from high-resolution satellite *** using spatial and textural-based descriptors to generate highresolution settlement layers for two dissimilar regions at the peak of seasonal disparity,this study attempts to quantify the influence of seasonality on the accuracy of a supervised,multi-scale,feature extraction framework for automated delineation of human *** generated by numerous models are evaluated against a reference dataset allowing for assessment of seasonal and feature differences in the context of *** or regional mapping of human settlement requires the assemblage of high-resolution satellite images with variegated acquisition characteristics(season,sun elevation,off-nadir,etc.)to produce a cloud-free composite image from which features are *** of this study suggest an emphasis on imagery criteria,in particular acquisition date,could improve classification accuracy when mapping human settlement at scale.

关键词： Remote sensing highresolution imagery image processing human settlement accuracy

Microscale tissue-engineered models:overcoming barriers to adoption for neural regeneration research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第3期11卷 386-387页

作者： Michael j.moore Department of Biomedical Engineering Tulane University

The last decade has seen a steady proliferation in the use of tissue-engineered cell culture systems（Deforest and Anseth,2012）,and these have been put to good use for studying neural axon growth and guidance（Li and Hoffman-Kim,2008;Roy et al.,2013）.These systems have been designed to more closely mimic the natural microenvironment of the developing or repairing nervous system and to enable spatiotemporal control over certain aspects of the microenvironment.

关键词： engineered regeneration adoption barriers mimic enable guidance projection friendly overcome

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平板边界层转捩的数值模拟

航空动力学报 1991年第2期6卷 157-161页

作者：蒋洪德 j.g.moore j.moore 中国科学院工程热物理研究所美国弗吉尼亚理工学院机械系

对于自由湍流引起的压力梯度为零的平板边界层转捩过程的数值模拟 ,本文提出了一个单方程湍流模型 ( VL M模型 ) ,对湍流粘性系数和湍流长度尺度都进行了修正以正确引入低雷诺数效应。数值计算表明 ,该模型在自由来流湍流度为 0 .0 3～... 详细信息

对于自由湍流引起的压力梯度为零的平板边界层转捩过程的数值模拟 ,本文提出了一个单方程湍流模型 ( VL M模型 ) ,对湍流粘性系数和湍流长度尺度都进行了修正以正确引入低雷诺数效应。数值计算表明 ,该模型在自由来流湍流度为 0 .0 3～ 8%的大范围内能正确模拟边界层转捩全过程 ,包括转捩区起点位置和转捩区长度、边界层内的平均及脉动参数分布等。本文还提出了上述转捩过程的时均化五阶段模型。

关键词：边界层转捩数值模拟湍流