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Inherited susceptibility for aggressive prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第3期14卷 415-418,I0006页

作者： William b Isaacs The brady Urological Institute Johns Hopkins Medical institutions Baltimore MD 21287 USA

Whether or not there is inherited basis for prostate cancer aggressiveness is not clear, but advances in dna analysis should provide an answer to this question in the very near future.

关键词： aggressiveness germline genome Wide Association Studies gWAS inherited linkage mutation single nucleotidepolymorphisms S N Ps susceptibility

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宝贝别怕从孕前到3岁的育儿经

bone-targeted therapies to reduce skeletal morbidity in prostate cancer

丛书名：蓝狮子财经丛书

2011年

作者： dna 瘦驼云无心等

《宝贝别怕》：“完美”宝宝能设计吗？“b超”会不会“超”坏胎儿？宝宝应该吃牛奶还是钙片？幼儿老要哭是因为生病吗？从宝宝还在孕育期间到宝宝出生后最脆弱的几年内，总会有各种各样的“麻烦”。如何用科学的方法呵护他们让他们更... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9787308085816

《宝贝别怕》：“完美”宝宝能设计吗？“b超”会不会“超”坏胎儿？宝宝应该吃牛奶还是钙片？幼儿老要哭是因为生病吗？从宝宝还在孕育期间到宝宝出生后最脆弱的几年内，总会有各种各样的“麻烦”。如何用科学的方法呵护他们让他们更健康地成长？科学松鼠会四位资深作者dna、瘦驼、云无心、李清晨正是能够对应不同时期提供育儿指导的专业人士。他们以自己的专业背景为依托,从幼儿食物营养、生殖、孕期护理、幼儿病患四个角度出发，为新爸爸新妈妈们提供最贴心、最科学的呵护宝贝的知识。

关键词：哺育婴幼儿

来源：汇雅图书（南通市图书馆... 评论

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2018年第3期20卷 215-220页

作者： Tanya b Dorff Neeraj Agarwal USC Keck School of Medicine USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center Genitourinary Oncology Los Angeles CA 90033 USA Hunts Man Cancer Institute Universityof Utah 2000 Circle of Hope Salt Lake City UT 84112 USA

bone metastases are the main driver of morbidity and mortality in advanced prostate cancer. Targeting the bone microenvironment, a key player in the pathogenesis of bone metastasis, has become one of the mainstays of therapy in men with advanced prostate cancer. This review will evaluate the data supporting the use of bone-targeted therapy, including （1） bisphosphonates such as zoledronic acid, which directly target osteoclasts, （2） denosumab, a receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa b （RANK） ligand inhibitor, which targets a key component of bone stromal interaction, and （3） radium-223, an alpha-emitting calcium mimetic, which hones to the metabolically active areas of osteoblastic metastasis and induces double-strand breaks in the dna. Denosumab has shown enhanced delay in skeletal-related events compared to zoledronic acid in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer （mCRPC）. Data are mixed with regard to pain control as a primary measure of efficacy. New data call into question dosing frequency, with quarterly dosing strategy potentially achieving similar effect compared to monthly dosing for zoledronic acid. In the case of radium-223, there are data for both pain palliation and improved overall survival in mCRPC. Further studies are needed to optimize timing and combination strategies for bone-targeted therapies. Ongoing studies will explore the impact of combining bone-targeted therapy with investigational therapeutic agents such as immunotherapy, for advanced prostate cancer. Future studies should strive to develop biomarkers of response, in order to improve efficacy and cost-effectiveness of these agents.

关键词： bisphosphonate bone metastases prostate cancer radiopharmaceutical receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa b-ligand

Are there fetal stem cells in the maternal brain?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第7期8卷 593-598页

作者： Osman Demirhan Necmi ekin Deniz Tastemir Erdal Tun Ali rfan güzel Demet Meral bülent Demirbek Department of Medical biology and genetics Faculty of Medicine University of ukurova Department of Forensic Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of ukurova Vocational School of Health Services Adiyaman University Department of Medical biology and genetics Faculty of Medicine Recep Tayyip Erdo an University Psychiatric and Neurologic Diesease Hospital

Fetal cells can enter maternal blood during pregnancy but whether they can also cross the blood-brain barrier to enter the maternal brain remains poorly understood. Previous results suggest that fetal cells are summoned to repair damage to the mother＇s brain. If this is confirmed, it would open up new and safer avenues of treatment for brain damage caused by strokes and neural diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether a baby＇s stem cells can enter the maternal brain during pregnancy. Deceased patients who had at least one male offspring and no history of abortion and blood transfusion were included in this study. dna was extracted from brain tissue samples of deceased women using standard phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation methods. genomic dna was screened by quantitative fluorescent-polymerase chain reaction amplification together with short tandem repeat markers specific to the Y chromosome, and 13, 18, 21 and X. Any foreign dna residues that could be used to interpret the presence of fetal stem cells in the maternal brain were monitored. Results indicated that fetal stem cells can not cross the blood-brain barrier to enter the maternal brain.

关键词： neural regeneration stem cells neurogenesis fetal stem cells brain tissue hippocampus subventricular zone quantitative fluorescent-PCR pregnancy neural disease dna Ychromosome grants-supported paper photographs-containing paper neuroregeneration

Transcriptome analysis shows nicotinamide seed treatment alters expression of genes involved in defense and epigenetic processes in roots of seedlings of Picea abies

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第4期33卷 1365-1375页

作者： Cecilia Laurell Torkel berglund Anna b.Ohlsson Department of Industrial biotechnology School of Engineering Sciences in ChemistryBiotechnology and Health(CBH)KTH Royal Institute of Technology10691 StockholmSweden

Nicotinamide treatment of plants and plant cell cultures has been shown to promote defense and decrease levels of dna *** the present study,we used RNA-seq technology to study overall changes in gene expression induced in roots of 3-month-old spruce(Picea abies)seedlings grown from nicotinamide-treated seeds to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the defense *** 350 genes were identified as differentially expressed in roots after the seed *** response genes,including transcription factors MYb77 and LHY and two chitinase enzymes,were generally upregulated,whereas genes thought to be involved in epigenetic regulation such as DDM1,known to promote dna methylation,were present at high frequency among the downregulated *** all samples,the expression of downregulated epigenetic-related genes was highly correlated with the nicotinamide treatment,indicating a common *** results support an earlier hypothesis regarding a potential role of nicotinamide as a defense-signal mediator.

关键词： dna methylation Large-scale gene expression analysis Nicotinamide Picea abies Seed treatment

Harnessing the HDAC–histone deacetylase enzymes,inhibitors and how these can be utilised in tissue engineering

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International Journal of Oral Science 2019年第2期11卷 79-89页

作者： Liam Lawlor Xuebin b. Yang Department of Oral biology University of LeedsWellcome Trust Brenner BuildingSt. James’s University HospitalLeeds LS9 7TFUK Doctoral Training Centre in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute of Medical and Biological EngineeringSchool of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK

There are large knowledge gaps regarding how to control stem cells growth and *** limitations of currently available technologies,such as growth factors and/or gene therapies has led to the search of *** explore here how a cell’s epigenome influences determination of cell type,and potential applications in tissue engineering.A prevalent epigenetic modification is the acetylation of dna core histone *** levels heavily influence gene *** deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes can remove these acetyl groups,leading to the formation of a condensed and more transcriptionally silenced *** deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) can inhibit these enzymes,resulting in the increased acetylation of histones,thereby affecting gene *** is strong evidence to suggest that HDACis can be utilised in stem cell therapies and tissue engineering,potentially providing novel tools to control stem cell *** review introduces the structure/function of HDAC enzymes and their links to different tissue types (specifically bone,cardiac,neural tissues),including the history,current status and future perspectives of using HDACis for stem cell research and tissue engineering,with particular attention paid to how different HDAC isoforms may be integral to this field.

关键词： HDAC can be cells gene has led dna

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2016年第47期22卷 10325-10340页

作者： Orsolya galamb Alexandra Kalmár barbara Kinga barták árpád V Patai Katalin Leiszter bálint Péterfia barnabás Wichmann gábor Valcz gábor Veres Zsolt Tulassay béla Molnár Molecular Medicine Research group Hungarian Academy of Sciences 2~(nd) Department of Internal Medicine Semmelweis University 1~(st) Department of Paediatrics Semmelweis University

AIM To analyze colorectal carcinogenesis and age-related dna methylation alterations of gene sequences associated with epigenetic clock Cpg sites. METHODS In silico dna methylation analysis of 353 epigenetic clock Cp g sites published by Steve Horvath was performed using methylation array data for a set of 123 colonic tissue samples [64 colorectal cancer(CRC), 42 adenoma, 17 normal; gEO accession number: gSE48684]. Among the differentially methylated agerelated genes, secreted frizzled related protein 1(SFRP1) promoter methylation was further investigated in colonic tissue from 8 healthy adults, 19 normal children, 20 adenoma and 8 CRC patients using bisulfite-specific PCR followed by methylation-specific high resolution melting(MS-HRM) analysis. m RNA expression of age-related "epigenetic clock" genes was studied using Affymetrix HgU133 Plus2.0 whole transcriptome data of 153 colonic biopsy samples(49 healthy adult, 49 adenoma, 49 CRC, 6 healthy children)(gEO accession numbers: gSE37364, gSE10714, gSE4183, gSE37267). Whole promoter methylation analysis of genes showing inverse dna methylationgene expression data was performed on 30 colonic samples using methyl capture *** Fifty-seven age-related Cp g sites including hypermethylated PPP1R16 b, SFRP1, SYNE1 and hypomethylated MgP, PIPOX were differentially methylated between CRC and normal tissues(P g sites differed significantly, including hypermethylated DKK3, SDC2, SFRP1, SYNE1 and hypomethylated CEMIP, SPATA18(P gion was significantly hypermethylated in CRC(55.0% ± 8.4 %) and adenoma tissue samples(49.9% ± 18.1%) compared to normal adult(5.2% ± 2.7%) and young(2.2% ± 0.7%) colonic tissue(P dna methylation of SFRP1 promoter was slightly, but significantly increased in healthy adults compared to normal young samples(P gnificantly increased S

关键词： dna methylation Aging Colorectal cancer Adenoma Epigenetic drift Epigenetic clock Secreted frizzled related protein 1

The promising role of poly（ADP-ribose） polymerase inhibitors in prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第4期18卷 592-593页

作者： Jeanny b Aragon-Ching Clinical Program Director of genitourinary Cancers INOVA Schar Cancer Institute 8505 Arlington Bird Suite 100 Faiffax VA USA

The TOPARP study showed the beneficial utility of olaparib in a heavily pretreatedpopulation of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who were biomarker-positive for aberrations in dna repair gene. A higher response rate to olaparib of 88% （14 out of 16 patients）, time to radiographic progression as well as overall survival, was seen in patients who were biomarker-positive compared to those who were not. This study showed a promising way of targeting prostate cancer with an enriched population of patients who harbor these deleterious genes. this paves the way for offering new therapeutic opportunities for men who have otherwise few remaining options.

关键词： @@

The role of RAD9 in tumorigenesis

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分子细胞生物学报:英文版 2011年第1期3卷 39-43页

作者： Howard b.Lieberman Joshua D.bernstock Constantinos g.broustas Kevin M.Hopkins Corinne Leloup Aiping Zhu Center for Radiological Research Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons630 W.168th St.New YorkNY 10032USA Department of Environmental Health Sciences Mailman School of Public Health722 W.168th St.New YorkNY 10032USA

RAD9 regulates multiple cellular processes that influence genomic integrity,and for at least some of its functions the protein acts as part of a heterotrimeric complex bound to HUS1 and RAD1 ***9 participates in dna repair,including base excision repair,homologous recombination repair and mismatch repair,multiple cell cycle phase checkpoints and *** addition,functions including the transactivation of downstream target genes,immunoglobulin class switch recombination,as well as 3′–5′exonuclease activity have been *** RAD9 expression has been linked to breast,lung,thyroid,skin and prostate tumorigenesis,and a cause–effect relationship has been demonstrated for the latter ***,human RAD9 overproduction correlates with prostate cancer whereas deletion of Mrad9,the corresponding mouse gene,in keratinocytes leads to skin *** results reveal that RAD9 protein can function as an oncogene or tumor suppressor,and aberrantly high or low levels can have deleterious health *** is not clear which of the many functions of RAD9 is critical for carcinogenesis,but several alternatives are considered herein and implications for the development of novel cancer therapies based on these findings are examined.

关键词： RAD9 tumor suppressor oncogene tumorigenesis cell cycle checkpoints dna repair