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Tropical Cyclones and Polar Lows: Velocity, size, and Energy scales, and Relation to the 26℃ Cyclone Origin Criteria

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2009年第3期26卷 585-598页

作者： g.s.golitsyn A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119017Russian Federation

The goal of this paper is to quantitatively formulate some necessary conditions for the development of intense atmospheric vortices. specifically, these criteria are discussed for tropical cyclones （TC） and polar lows （PL） by using bulk formulas for fluxes of momentum, sensible heating, and latent heating between the ocean and the atmosphere. The velocity scale is used in two forms：（1） as expressed through the buoyancy flux b and the Coriolis parameter Ic for rotating fluids convection, and （2） as expressed with the cube of velocity times the drag coefficient through the formula for total kinetic energy dissipation in the atmospheric boundary layer. In the quasistationary case the dissipation equals the generation of the energy. In both cases the velocity scale can be expressed through temperature and humidity differences between the ocean and the atmosphere in terms of the reduced gravity, and both forms produce quite comparable velocity scales. Using parameters b and Ic, we can form scales of the area and, by adding the mass of a unit air column, a scale of the total kinetic energy as well. These scales nicely explain the much smaller size of a PL, as compared to a TC, and the total kinetic energy of a TC is of the order 1018 - 1019 J. It will be shown that wind of 33 m s^-1 is produced when the total enthalpy fluxes between the ocean and the atmosphere are about 700 W m-2 for a TC and 1700 W m-2 for a PL, in association with the much larger role of the latent heat in the first case and the stricter geostrophic constraints and larger static stability in the second case. This replaces the mystical role of 26℃ as a criterion for TC origin. The buoyancy flux, a product of the reduced gravity and the wind speed, together with the atmospheric static stability, determines the rate of the penetrating convection. It is known from the observations that the formation time for a PL reaching an altitude of 5-6 km can be only a few hours, and a day, or even half a day, for a TC reaching 15-18 km. These two facts allow u

关键词： typhoons polar lows velocity size and energy scales cyclone origin criteria

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Transmission of amyloid-βpathology in humans:a perspective on clinical evidence

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 390-392页

作者： Celso s.g.Catumbela Rodrigo Morales Department of Neurology McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA Centro Integrativo de Biologia y Quimica Aplicada(CIBQA) Universidad Bernardo O’HigginsSantiagoChile

Transmission of misfolded amyloid-β(Aβ)aggregates between human subjects:Protein misfolding disorders are a family of diseases characterized by the accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates.These proteinaceous structures,also known as amyloids,are key drivers of fatal neurodegenerative disorders such as prion diseases,Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease,and others.

关键词： amyloid diseases Aβ

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study of hybrid nanofluid flow in a stationary cone-disk system with temperature-dependent fluid properties

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第4期45卷 677-694页

作者： A.s.JOHN B.MAHANTHEsH g.LORENZINI Center for Mathematical Needs Department of MathematicsCHRIST(Deemed to be University)Karnataka 560029India school of Mathematical and statistical sciences The University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyTexas 78539U.S.A. Department of Engineering and Architecture University of ParmaParma 43124Italy

Cone-disk systems find frequent use such as conical diffusers,medical devices,various rheometric,and viscosimetry applications.In this study,we investigate the three-dimensional flow of a water-based Ag-Mg O hybrid nanofluid in a static cone-disk system while considering temperature-dependent fluid properties.How the variable fluid properties affect the dynamics and heat transfer features is studied by Reynolds's linearized model for variable viscosity and Chiam's model for variable thermal conductivity.The single-phase nanofluid model is utilized to describe convective heat transfer in hybrid nanofluids,incorporating the experimental data.This model is developed as a coupled system of convective-diffusion equations,encompassing the conservation of momentum and the conservation of thermal energy,in conjunction with an incompressibility condition.A self-similar model is developed by the Lie-group scaling transformations,and the subsequent self-similar equations are then solved numerically.The influence of variable fluid parameters on both swirling and non-swirling flow cases is analyzed.Additionally,the Nusselt number for the disk surface is calculated.It is found that an increase in the temperature-dependent viscosity parameter enhances heat transfer characteristics in the static cone-disk system,while the thermal conductivity parameter has the opposite effect.

关键词： hybrid nanofluid cone-disk system laminar flow variable fluid property Nusselt number

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Metric and Upper Dimension of Extended Annihilating-Ideal graphs

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Algebra Colloquium 2024年第2期31卷 221-238页

作者： s.Nithya g.Elavarasi genghua Fan Department of Mathematics St.Xavier's College(Autonomous)Palayamkottai 627002Tamil NaduIndia Afiliated to Manonmaniam sundaranar University Abishekapatti Tirunelveli 627012Tamil NaduIndia Pg and Research Department of Mathematics St.Xavier's College(Autonomous)Palayamkottai 627002Tamil NaduIndia Affiliated to Manonmaniam sundaranar University Abishekapatti Tirunelveli 627012Tamil NaduIndia 不详

The metric dimension problem is called navigation problem due to its application to robot navigation in space.Further this concept has wide applications in motion planning,sonar and loran station,and so on.In this paper,we study certain results on the metric dimension,upper dimension and resolving number of extended annihilating-ideal graph EAg(R)associated to a commutative ring R,denoted by dim M(EAg(R)),dim+(EAg(R))and res(EAg(R)),respectively.Here we prove the finiteness conditions of dim M(EAg(R))and dim+(EAg(R)).In addition,we characterize dim M(EAg(R)),dim+(EAg(R))and res(EAg(R))for artinian rings and the direct product of rings.

关键词： extended annihilating-ideal graph metric dimension upper dimension resolving number

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Advancements and applications of position-sensitive detector(PsD): a review

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Optoelectronics Letters 2024年第6期20卷 330-338页

作者： shaher Dwik g.sasikala s.Natarajan Department of Electronics&Communication Engineering School of Electrical&CommunicationVel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and TechnologyChennai 600062India Department of Computer science and Engineering Amrita School of ComputingAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethamChennai 601103India1

This paper presents a review of the position-sensitive detector(PsD) sensor, covering different types of PsD and recent works related to this field. Furthermore, it explains the theoretical concepts and provides information about its structure and principles of operation. Moreover, it includes the main information about the available commercial PsDs from different companies, along with a comparison between the common modules. The PsD features include high position resolution, fast response, and a wide dynamic range. These features make it suitable for various fields and applications, such as imaging, spectrometry, spectroscopy and others.

关键词： Advancements and applications of position-sensitive detector a review PsD

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核战争对全球的影响

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气象科技 1989年第4期17卷 43-47,98页

作者： R.P.Turco g.s.golitsyn 叶一舫

五年前,有关大范围的核战争将给全球气候和环境带来大灾难即核冬天的问题首次被提了出来。1988年3月,世界各地的几十名专家汇集莫斯科,在环境问题科学委员会(sCOPE)主持下讨论了他们在核战争对气候、生物和放射性的影响等方面的最新研... 详细信息

五年前,有关大范围的核战争将给全球气候和环境带来大灾难即核冬天的问题首次被提了出来。1988年3月,世界各地的几十名专家汇集莫斯科,在环境问题科学委员会(sCOPE)主持下讨论了他们在核战争对气候、生物和放射性的影响等方面的最新研究成果。本文根据莫斯科会议上的报告。

关键词：云凝结核环境问题莫斯科会议核冬天野外实验 sCOPE 全球气候气候异常排放系数研究成果

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Long-Term Trends of Carbon Monoxide Total Columnar Amount in Urban Areas and Background Regions:ground-and satellite-based spectroscopic Measurements

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2018年第7期35卷 785-795页

作者： Pucai WANg N.F.ELANsKY Yu.M.TIMOFEEV gengchen WANg g.s.golitsyn M.V.MAKAROVA V.s.RAKITIN Yu.sHTABKIN A.I.sKOROKHOD E.I.gRECHKO E.V.FOKEEVA A.N.sAFRONOV Liang RAN Ting WANg LAgEO Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119017Russia st.Petersburg state University Saint-Petersburg 198904Russia

A comparative study was carried out to explore carbon monoxide total columnar amount（CO TC） in background and polluted atmosphere, including the stations of Zss（Zvenigorod）, ZOTTO（Central siberia）, Peterhof, Beijing, and Moscow,during 1998–2014, on the basis of ground-and satellite-based spectroscopic measurements. Interannual variations of CO TC in different regions of Eurasia were obtained from ground-based spectroscopic observations, combined with satellite data from the sensors MOPITT（2001–14）, AIRs（2003–14）, and IAsI Met Op-A（2010–13）. A decreasing trend in CO TC（1998–2014） was found at the urban site of Beijing, where CO TC decreased by 1.14% ± 0.87% yr^（-1）. Meanwhile, at the Moscow site, CO TC decreased remarkably by 3.73% ± 0.39% yr^（-1）. In the background regions（Zss, ZOTTO, Peterhof）, the reduction was 0.9%–1.7% yr^（-1） during the same period. Based on the AIRsv6 satellite data for the period 2003–14, a slight decrease（0.4%–0.6% yr^（-1）） of CO TC was detected over the midlatitudes of Eurasia, while a reduction of 0.9%–1.2% yr^（-1） was found in southeast Asia. The degree of correlation between the CO TC derived from satellite products（MOPITTv6 Joint, AIRsv6 and IAsI Met Op-A） and ground-based measurements was calculated, revealing significant correlation in unpolluted regions.While in polluted areas, IAsI Met Op-A and AIRsv6 data underestimated CO TC by a factor of 1.5–2.8. On average, the correlation coefficient between ground-and satellite-based data increased significantly for cases with PBL heights greater than 500 m.

关键词： carbon monoxide trend spectroscopic measurement MOPITT AIRs IAsI

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Advancements,strategies,and prospects of solid oxide electrolysis cells(sOECs):Towards enhanced performance and large-scale sustainable hydrogen production

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 688-715页

作者： Amina Lahrichi Youness El Issmaeli shankara s.Kalanur Bruno g.Pollet green Hydrogen Lab(gH2Lab) Hydrogen Research Institute(HRI)Universitédu QuébecàTrois-Rivières(UQTR)3351 boulevard des ForgesTrois-RivièresQuébec G9A 5H7Canada

solid oxide electrolysis cells(sOECs)represent a crucial stride toward sustainable hydrogen generation,and this review explores their current scientific challenges,significant advancements,and potential for large-scale hydrogen production.In sOEC technology,the application of innovative fabrication tech-niques,doping strategies,and advanced materials has enhanced the performance and durability of these systems,although degradation challenges persist,implicating the prime focus for future advancements.Here we provide in-depth analysis of the recent developments in sOEC technology,including Oxygen-sOECs,Proton-sOECs,and Hybrid-sOECs.specifically,Hybrid-sOECs,with their mixed ionic conducting electrolytes,demonstrate superior efficiency and the concurrent production of hydrogen and oxygen.Coupled with the capacity to harness waste heat,these advancements in sOEC technology present signif-icant promise for pilot-scale applications in industries.The review also highlights remarkable achieve-ments and potential reductions in capital expenditure for future sOEC systems,while elaborating on the micro and macro aspects of sOECs with an emphasis on ongoing research for optimization and scal-ability.It concludes with the potential of sOEC technology to meet various industrial energy needs and its significant contribution considering the key research priorities to tackle the global energy demands,ful-fillment,and decarbonization efforts.

关键词： solid oxide electrolysis cells Proton-sOECs Oxygen-soECs Hybrid-sOECs Intermediate-high temperature electrolysers Hydrogenproduction

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First 150 years of catatonia:Looking back at its complicated history and forward to the road ahead

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第5期14卷 600-606页

作者： Levente Csihi gabor s Ungvari stanley N Caroff gábor gazdag Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation Jahn Ferenc South Pest HospitalBudapest 1204Hungary Division of Psychiatry School of MedicineUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawley 6009Western AustraliaAustralia section of Psychiatry University of Notre DameFremantle 6160Western AustraliaAustralia Behavioral Health service Corporal Michael J CresenczVeterans Affairs Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPA 19104United States Department of Psychiatry University of PennsylvaniaPerelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA 19104United States Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Faculty of MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapest 1083Hungary

Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum(1828-1899)was the first to conceptualize and describe the main clinical features of a novel psychiatric illness,which he termed catatonia in his groundbreaking monograph published 150 years ago.Although Kahlbaum postulated catatonia as a separate disease entity characterized by psychomotor symptoms and a cyclical course,a close examination of his 26 cases reveals that most of them presented with motor symptom complexes or syndromes associated with various psychiatric and medical conditions.In his classification system,Kraepelin categorized catatonic motor symptoms that occur in combination with psychotic symptoms and typically have a poor prognosis within his dementia praecox(schizophrenia)disease entity.Because of the substantial influence of Kraepelin’s classification,catatonia was predominantly perceived as a component of schizophrenia for most of the 20th century.However,with the advent of the psychopharmacotherapy era starting from the early 1950s,interest in catatonia in both clinical practice and research subsided until the early 2000s.The past two decades have witnessed a resurgence of interest in catatonia.The Diagnostic and statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition,marked a paradigmatic shift by acknowledging that catatonia can occur secondary to various psychiatric and medical conditions.The introduction of an independent diagnostic category termed“Catatonia Not Otherwise specified”significantly stimulated research in this field.The authors briefly review the history and findings of recent catatonia research and highlight promising directions for future exploration.

关键词： Catatonia Historical overview Psychopharmacology Diagnostic and statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard school

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geochemistry and depositional environment of fuchsite quartzites from sargur group,western Dharwar Craton,India

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Acta geochimica 2024年第3期43卷 555-570页

作者： C.s.sindhuja g.Harshitha C.Manikyamba K.s.V.subramanyam CsIR(Council of scientific and Industrial Research)-National geophysical Research Institute(NgRI) Uppal RoadHyderabad 500007India

Meso-Neoarchean fuchsite quartzites are present in different stratigraphic positions of Dharwar Craton including the oldest(~3.3 ga)sargur group of western Dharwar Craton.The present study deals with the petro-graphic and geochemical characteristics of the fuchsite quartzites from the ghattihosahalli belt to evaluate their genesis,depositional setting and the enigma involved in the ancient sedimentation history.Their major mineral assemblages include quartz,fuchsite,and feldspars along with accessory kyanite and rutile.The geochemical com-positions are characterized by high siO_(2),Al_(2)O_(3),low MgO,CaO,strongly enriched Cr(1326–6899 ppm),Ba(1165–3653 ppm),sr(46–210 ppm),V(107–868 ppm)and Zn(11–158 ppm)contents compared to the upper continental crust(UCC).The UCC normalized rare earth element(REE)patterns are characterized by depleted light REE[(La/sm)UCC=0.33–0.95]compared to heavy REE[(gd/Yb)_(UCC)=0.42–1.65]with conspicuous positive Eu-anomalies(Eu/Eu^(*)=1.35–18.27)characteristic of hydrothermal solutions evidenced through the interlayered barites.The overall major and trace element systematics reflect a combined mafic-felsic provenance and suggest their deposition at a passive continental margin environ-ment.The comprehensivefield,petrographic,and geo-chemical studies indicate that these quartzites are infiltrated by Cr-richfluids released during high-grade metamorphism of associated ultramafic rocks.The sargur and the subse-quent Dharwar orogeny amalgamated diverse lithounits from different tectonic settings,possibly leading to the release of Cr-richfluids and the formation of fuchsite quartzite during or after the orogeny.Thesefindings sug-gest a pre-existing stable crust prior to the sargur group and the link between orogenic events and various mineral deposits in the Dharwar Craton.

关键词： Dharwar Craton ghattihosahalli Fuchsite quartzite Provenance Depositional setting

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