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Variability in pod and seed traits of Pongamia pinnata Pierre ecotypes in North Karnataka, India

Journal of Forestry research 2016年第3期27卷 557-567页

作者： Vinod Kumar Patil g.r.naik Department of Biotechnology Gulbarga University

An evaluation of 30 naturally available candidate-plus trees（CPTs） of Pongamia pinnata was carried out to elucidate the genetic variability and relationship of pod and seed traits and progeny growth traits to select the best planting material with higher productivity. Significant variations were observed in pod and seed characteristics,oil content, and during the progeny trial studies. The highest values were found in 100-pod weight（410.4 gm）and 100-seed weight（195.92 gm） and the phenotypic and genotypic variance was found maximum in 100 pod weight（4364.71 and 4289.93） and 100 seed weight（813.8 and768.93）, respectively. Estimates of the phenotypic coefficient of variance were higher than the genotypic coefficient of variance for all the pod and seed traits and progeny growth traits, which depict the predominant role of the environment. Approximately 99 % of broad-sense heritability was revealed in oil content, followed by 100-pod weight（98.28 %）, and canopy growth（96.93 %）. Pod thickness shows the highest genetic advance of 56.61 %,followed by pod width（53.43 %） and canopy growth（49.3 %）. Pod and seed traits have proven a positive correlation between each other and with progeny growth traits,except a few negative values. Hierarchical clustering by Ward＇s minimum variance cluster analysis showed phylogeographical patterns of genetic diversity. K-means clustering revealed that trees from different geographical regions were grouped together in a cluster where as trees from the same geographical area are placed in a different cluster. Seven Pongamia ecotypes（grP-8, 9, 13, 14, 18,28, and 29） are found superior in traits, namely 100-pod weight, 100-seed weight, oil content, germination rate,plant height, canopy growth, and collar diameter. The traits100-pod weight and 100-seed weight are highly correlated with the progeny growth traits and even have higher heritability and genetic advantages.

关键词： Biodiesel Morphological diversity Pod andseed traits Pongamia pinnata Progeny trial

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Progeny evaluation of Jatropha curcas and Pongamia pinnata with comparison to bioproductivity and biodiesel parameters

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Journal of Forestry research 2015年第1期26卷 137-142页

作者： Vinod Kumar Patil Prithviraj Bhandare Pramod B. Kulkarni g.r.naik Department of Biotechnology Gulbarga University

Progeny studies of Jatropha curcas and Pongamia pinnata were carried with respect to bioproductivity,pod and seed characters which is one of the selection methods in tree improvement programmes. Variations in bioproductivity and biodiesel parameters of both the plants were compared every 6 months for 4 years of investigation and analyzed by analysis of variance and correlation coefficient by Pearson＇s method using software graphpad instat 3.06（for Windows and Mac）. P. pinnata has better germination rate（71.4 %）, 100 pod weight（PW）（311.59 g） and 100 seed weight（SW）（173.46 g） as compared to J. curcas for germination rate（43.2 %）, 100 PW（111.29 g） and 100 SW（67.46 g）. P. pinnata has strong correlation for plant height to canopy growth（Cg）（0.948）, collar diameter（CD）（0.994）, number of branches per plant（NBP）（0.995） and to number of leaves per branch（NLB）（0.862） as compared to *** which showed good correlation among plant height to Cg（0.976）, CD（0.970）, NBP（0.988）, NLB（0.920） and to number of pods per branch（0.657）. However, J. curcas depicted negative correlation for pod breadth to seed length（SL）（-0.447）, seed breadth（-0.248） and to seed thickness（ST）（-0.364） and among the 100 PW to SL（-0.199）, ST（-0.220） and to 100 SW（-0.704）. About 4 kg of P. pinnata seeds were required for each liter of crude oil which yields896 ml of biodiesel on transesterification as compared to5.66 kg of J. curcas seeds for a liter of crude oil, producing about 663 ml of biodiesel. The quality of biodiesel meets the major specification of American Society for Testing and Materials（ASTM） standards for biodiesel. The crude glycerin and seed cake obtained as byproduct during biodiesel production were also measured which can be purified and used in composting, animal feeds, pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industries.

关键词： Biodiesel Biofuel plants Bioproductivity Jatropha curcas Pongamia pinnata

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Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao Weng Adam M.r.groh Moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui Jo Anne Stratton g.r.Wayne Moore Jack P.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by robertson and río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus rNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis

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Chaotic Social group Optimization for Structural Engineering Design Problems

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2023年第4期20卷 1852-1877页

作者： Anima naik Department of CSE VIITVisakhapatnamAndhra Pradesh530049India

Till now,several novel metaheuristic algorithms are proposed for global *** only specific algorithms have become popular or attracted researchers,who are efficient in solving global optimization problems as well as real-world application *** Social group Optimization(SgO)algorithm is a new metaheuristic bioinspired algorithm inspired by human social behavior that attracted researchers due to its simplicity and problem-solving *** this study,to deal with the problems of low accuracy and local convergence in SgO,the chaos theory is introduced into the evolutionary process of *** chaotic mapping has certainty,ergodicity,and stochastic property,by replacing the constant value of the self-introspection parameter with chaotic maps,the proposed chaotic social group optimization algorithm increases its convergence rate and resulting *** proposal chaotic SgO is validated through 13 benchmark functions and after that 9 structural engineering design problems have been *** simulated results have been noticed as competent with that of state-of-art algorithms regarding convergence quality and accuracy,which certifies that improved SgO with chaos is valid and feasible.

关键词： Chaos Bionic algorithm Constrained optimization SgO Design problem

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Scattering and fusion reaction dynamics of O+Zr system around Coulomb barrier

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Chinese Physics C 2022年第12期46卷 241-248页

作者： C.Dash r.r.Swain g.Tripathy I.naik B.B.Sahu Department of physics MSCBD UniversityBaripada 757003India School of Applied Sciences KIIT Deemed to be UniversityBhubaneswar 751024India

A partial wave scattering matrix for the total effective complex potential of nucleus nucleus collisions is proposed to easily analyze the angular variations of elastic scattering and fusion cross-sections simultaneously with a unique *** expectation value of the imaginary part of the potential calculated using the distorted waves from the full potential in the elastic channel accounts for σ_(r).This is equated to the sum of the cross-sections due to absorption in different regions of the potential where the imaginary part is actively *** potential is taken as energy independent and features a weakly absorbing nature,which supports the resonance states in various partial wave ***,these resonances show oscillatory behavior changes with respect to energy D(E_(c.m.))=d^(2)(E_(c.m.)σ_(fus))/dE_(c.m.)^(2).In this paper,we discuss elastic scattering and fusion cross-sections in conjunction with the results of D(E_(c.m.))for the^(16)+^(92)Zr system.

关键词： elastic scattering fusion cross-section barrier distribution

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Immunocytochemical Localization of glucagon and Insulin Cells in Eutropis carinata with respect to reproductive Cycle

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Asian Herpetological research 2011年第2期2卷 103-109页

作者： Vidya r.CHANDAVAr Prakash r.naik Yuvaraja's College University of Mysore Endocrinology Laboratory Department of Studies in ZoologyUniversity of Mysore

The pancreas of Eutropis carinata was studied immunocytochemically for the presence and topographic distribution of glucagon and insulin cells during annual reproductive cycles. The study revealed paracrine arrangement of the two types of ceils. The immunolocalized pancreatic cells revealed significant differences in mean numbers during different periods of reproduction. The numbers of glucagon-immunoreactive （gIr） and insulin-immunoreactive （IIr） cells were highest during the recrudesceut period which corresponded with low serum glucose level. Between the two immunoreactive cells, the gIr cells were predominant. Morphological differences between the two cells were observed by electron microscopy after staining with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Serum glucose showed that cyclic change was highest during the reproductive period.

关键词： endocrine cell pancreas serum glucose reproductive cycle skink

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Solid-State Synthesis and Effect of Temperature on Optical Properties of CuO Nanoparticles

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Nano-Micro Letters 2012年第2期4卷 73-77页

作者： C.C.Vidyasagar Y.Arthoba naik T.g.Venkatesha r.Viswanatha Department of Chemistry School of Chemical Sciences Kuvempu University

Modulation of band energies through size control offers new ways to control photoresponse and photoconversion efficiency of the solar cell. The P-type semiconductor of copper oxide is an important functional material used for photovoltaic cells. Cu O is attractive as a selective solar absorber since it has high solar absorbance and a low thermal emittance. The present work describes the synthesis and characterization of semiconducting Cu O nanoparticles via one-step, solid-state reaction in the presence of Polyethylene glycol400 as size controlling agent for the preparation of Cu O nanoparticles at different temperatures. Solid-state mechanochemical processing, which is not only a physical size reduction process in conventional milling but also a chemical reaction, is mechanically activated at the nanoscale during grinding. The present method is a simple and efficient method of preparing nanoparticles with high yield at low cost. The structural and chemical composition of the nanoparticles were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometer, respectively. Optical properties and band gap of Cu O nanoparticles were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy. These results showed that the band gap energy decreased with increase of annealing temperature, which can be attributed to the improvement in grain size of the samples.

关键词： Band gap CuO Polyethylene glycol 400 Semiconductors Solid-state reaction

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Sm^(3+)induced structural phase transition,spectral,morphological,magnetic,dielectric and impedance properties of Ni_(0.1)Cu_(0.9)Sm_(x)Fe_(2-x)O_(4) nanoferrites

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Journal of rare Earths 2023年第11期41卷 1736-1745,I0003页

作者： K.rajashekhar g.Vinod K.Mahesh Kumar g.Harikishan Laxman naik J Department of Physics University College of ScienceOsmania UniversityHyderabad500007TelanganaIndia Department of Physics Kamala Institute of Technology and ScienceHuzurabad505468TelanganaIndia Department of Physics CMR College of Engineering&TechnologyHyderabad501401TelanganaIndia

In the present study,rare earth samarium(Sm^(3+))substituted Ni-Cu spinel ferrites with the composition of Ni_(0.1)Cu_(0.9)Sm_(x)Fe_(2-x)O_(4)(0≤x≤0.05 in steps of 0.01)were synthesized by using the citrate induced sol-gel auto combustion *** ferrites'structural,optical,magnetic,and dielectric studies were carried out using X-ray diffraction(XrD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIr),field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM),ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis),a vibrational sample magnetometer(VSM),and an LCr *** pure Ni-Cu ferrite exhibits a tetragonal structure owing to the presence of the John Tellar ion(Cu^(2+)).XrD patterns confirm that the tetragonal structure gradually transforms into the cubic spinel structure with samarium *** nano-scale structures of these ferrites were confirmed by the average crystallite size(10.11-20.99 nm)derived from the X-ray diffraction patterns,and grain size(42.60-83.36 nm)assessed from FESEM *** existence of elements according to their chemical composition was verified by using energy dispersive X-ray(EDX)*** absorption bands(v_(1) and v_(2))detected in FTIr transmission spectra below the wavenumber of 600 cm^(-1)reveal the stretching vibrations of M-O bonds in the spinel structure at tetrahedral and octahedral *** band gap ene rgy obtained from UV absorption reveals the semiconducting nature of the *** high saturation magnetization(M_(s))is noticed at 15 K temperature for x=0.02 composition as 32.98 emu/g,while at 300 K for x=0.01composition as 27.61 emu/*** suggested cation distribution is in good agreement with observed and predicted magnetic moment values at 300 *** expected behavior of ferrites reveals the observed dielectric constant,loss tangent,and ac-conductivity values in the frequency range of 20 Hz-20 ***-Cole plots confirm that the impedance contribution is attributed to grain boundaries.

关键词： Nanoferrites XrD Magnetic properties Dielectric properties Cole-cole plots rare earths

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Stepping up after spinal cord injury:negotiating an obstacle during walking

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Neural regeneration research 2025年第7期20卷 1919-1929页

作者： Alain Frigon Charly g.Lecomte Department of Pharmacology-Physiology Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversitéde SherbrookeCentre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de SherbrookeSherbrookeQCCanada

Every day walking consists of frequent voluntary modifications in the gait pattern to negotiate *** spinal cord injury,stepping over an obstacle becomes *** over an obstacle requires sensorimotor transformations in several structures of the brain,including the parietal cortex,premotor cortex,and motor *** information and planning are transformed into motor commands,which are sent from the motor cortex to spinal neuronal circuits to alter limb trajectory,coordinate the limbs,and maintain *** spinal cord injury,bidirectional communication between the brain and spinal cord is disrupted and animals,including humans,fail to voluntarily modify limb trajectory to step over an ***,in this review,we discuss the neuromechanical control of stepping over an obstacle,why it fails after spinal cord injury,and how it recovers to a certain extent.

关键词： biomechanics locomotion neurophysiology obstacle negotiation spinal cord injury

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Modeling the mechanics of calcium regulation in T lymphocyte:A finite element method approach

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2020年第5期13卷 149-169页

作者： Parvaiz Ahmad naik School of Mathematics and Statistics Xi'an Jiaotong Unirersity Xi'an Shaanxi 710049P.R.China

Changes in cellular Ca2+concentration control a variety of physiological activities including hormone and neurotransmitter release,muscular contraction,synaptic plas-ticity,ionic channel permeability,apoptosis,enzyme activity,gene transcription and reproduction ***-temporal Ca2+dynamics due to Ca2 t release,buffering and re-uptaking plays a central role in studying the Ca2+regulation in T *** most cases,Ca2+has its major signaling function when it is elevated in the cytosolic *** this paper,a two-dimensional mathematical model to study spatiotemporal variations of intracellular Ca2+concentration in T lymphocyte cell is proposed and *** cell is assumed to be a circular shaped geomnetrical domain for the representation of properties of Ca2+dynamics within the cell includ-ing important ***2+binding proteins for the dynamics of Ca2+are itself buffer and other physiological parameters located in Ca2+*** model incorpo-rates the important biophysical processes like difusion,reaction,voltage gated Ca2+channel,leak from endoplasmic reticulum(Er),efflux from cytosol to Er via sarco Er Ca2+adenosine triphosphate(SErCA)pumps,buffers and Na+/Ca2+*** proposed mathematical model is solved using a finite difference method and the finite element *** initial and boundary conditions are incorporated in the model based on biophysical conditions of the *** simulations in MAT-LAB r2019b are employed to investigate mathematical models of reaction-diffusion *** effect of source,buffer,Nat/Ca2+exchanger,*** spatial and tempo-ral patterns of Ca2+in T lymphocyte has been studied with the help of numerical *** the obtained results,it is observed that,the coordinated combination of the incor-porated parameters plays a significant role in Ca2+regulation in T *** leak and voltage-gated Ca2+channel provides the necessary Ca2+to the cell when required for its proper

关键词： Nat/Ca2+exchanger SErCA purmp Er leak voltage gated Ca2+channel buffers diffusion coefficient reaction-diffusion equations ritz method and variational form

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