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Dietary enrichment of edible insects with omega 3 fatty acids

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Insect Science 2020年第3期27卷 500-509页

作者： Dennis g.A.B.Oonincx Sophie Laurent Margot E.Veenenbos Joop J.A.van Loon Department of Animal Sciences Animal Nutrition GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands Laboratory of Entomology Department of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands Sophie Laurent ON IRISFood Process EngineeringUMR CNRS 6144 GEPEANantes Cedex 3France

Edible insects are advocated as sustainable and healthy food and ***,commercially produced insects are often low in n‐3 fatty acids and have suboptimal n‐6/n‐3 ratios.A certain amount and proportion of these FAs is required to optimize human *** oil consists primarily(57%)out of alpha‐linolenic *** experiment was conducted to quantify the effect of flaxseed oil provision on fatty acid composition and to determine the quantity needed to attain a beneficial n‐6/n‐3 *** species were used in the experiment:house crickets(Acheta domesticus[L.]),lesser mealworms(Alphitobius diaperinus[Pfanzer])and black soldier flies(Hermetia illucens[L.]).These were provided with either a control diet or a diet enriched with 1%,2%,or 4%flaxseed oil during their larval/nymphal *** acid profiles of diets and insects were determined via gC‐*** three species had distinct fatty acid profiles on all four diets,but responded similarly to flaxseed oil *** each percent added to the diet,the alpha‐linolenic acid content of the insects increased by 2.3%–2.7%.Four percent addition increased the n‐3 fatty acid content 10–20 fold in the three species and thereby strongly decreased n‐6/n‐3 ratios from 18–36 to 0.8–2.4.A ratio below 5 is considered optimal for human health and was achieved by 2%flaxseed oil inclusion for house crickets and lesser mealworms,and at 1%inclusion for black soldier *** a source of n‐3 fatty acids to insect diets can thus improve the nutritional quality of insects.

关键词： Acheta domesticus Alphitobius diaperinus diet fatty acids Hermetia illucens

The microbiology of infected pancreatic necrosis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2018年第5期17卷 456-460页

作者： Nicholas g.Mowbray Bassam Ben-Ismaeil Mohammed Hammoda guy Shingler Bilal Al-Sarireh Swansea University Medical School Singleton Park Campus Abertawe Bro-Morgannwg University Health Board Public Health Wales Microbiology ABM Morriston Hospital Abertawe Bro-Morgannwg University Health Board Department of Surgery Morriston Hospital

Background: Acute pancreatitis(AP) continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality, especially when it leads to infected pancreatic necrosis(IPN). Modern treatment of IPN frequently involves prolonged courses of antibiotics in combination with minimally invasive therapies. This study aimed to update the existing evidence base by identifying the pathogens causing IPN and therefore aid future selection of empirical antibiotics. Methods: Clinical data, including microbiology results, of consecutive patients with IPN undergoing minimally invasive necrosectomy at our institution between January 2009 and July 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The results of 40 patients(22 males and 18 females, median age 60 years) with IPN were reviewed. The etiology of AP was gallstones, alcohol, dyslipidemia and unknown in 31, 2, 2 and 5 patients, respectively. The most frequently identified microbes in microbiology cultures were Enterococcus faecalis and faecium(22.5% and 20.0%) and Escherichia coli(20.0%). In 19 cases the cultures grew multiple organisms. The antibiotics with the least resistance amongst the microbiota were teicoplanin(5.0%), linezolid(5.6%), ertapenem(6.5%), and meropenem(7.4%). Conclusion: The carbapenem antibiotics, ertapenem and meropenem provide good antimicrobial cover against the common, mainly enteral, microorganisms causing IPN. Culture and sensitivity results of acquired samples should be regularly reviewed to adjust prescribing and monitor for emergence of resistance.

关键词： Acute pancreatitis Pancreatic abscess Pancreatic necrosis Infected pancreatic necrosis Antibiotics Intra-abdominal infection

胸腹主动脉混合现实优化的探索及在A型主动脉夹层中的临床应用价值

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国际医学放射学杂志 2023年第4期 495-496页

作者： g.Li L.Zhang T.Liu J.B.Wang Z.Q.Cao g.M.Lu 杨靖

摘要目的旨在探讨基于低剂量CT的混合现实技术在A型主动脉夹层（TAAD）手术中的可行性及临床应用价值。方法前瞻性纳入87例诊断为TAAD的病人，并对其进行胸

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Nutrient alterations following biochar application to a Cd-contaminated solution and soil

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Biochar 2021年第4期3卷 457-468页

作者： Liqiang Cui James A.Ippolito Matt Noerpel Kirk g.Scheckel Jinlong Yan School of Environmental Science and Engineering Yancheng Institute of TechnologyNo.211 Jianjun RoadYancheng 224003China Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort Collins 80523USA Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response Land Remediation and Technology DivisionUnited States Environmental Protection AgencyCincinnatiOH 45224-1701USA

Biochars,when applied to contaminated solutions or soils,may sequester potentially toxic elements while releasing neces-sary plant *** purpose of this study focused on quantifying both phenomenon following wheat straw(Triticum aestivum L.)biochar application(0,5,and 15%by wt)to a Cd containing solution and a Cd-contaminated paddy soil using 240-day laboratory batch *** both experiments,solid phases were analyzed for elemental associations using a combination of wet chemical sequential extractions and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS).When wheat straw biochar was applied at 15%to Cd containing solutions,Cd and Zn concentrations decreased to below detection in some instances,Ca and Mg concentrations increased by up to 290%,and solution pH increased as compared to the 5%biochar application *** responses were observed when biochar was added to the Cd-contaminated paddy soil,suggesting that this particular biochar has the ability to sequester potentially toxic elements while releasing necessary plant nutrients to the soil *** significant,positive correlations existed between nutrient release over time,while negative correlations were present between biochar application rate,potentially toxic element sorption and *** latter suggests that potentially toxic elements were sorbed by a combination of organic functional groups or mineral precipitation based on whether pH was above or below~*** support of this contention,the wet chemical sequential extraction procedure in conjunction with previously observed Cd or current Zn XAS showed that biochar application promoted the formation of layered double hydroxides,sorption to(oxy)hydroxides,and organically bound to biochar as Zn *** a multi-functional material,biochar appears to play an important role in sequestering Cd while releasing essential plant *** findings suggest that biochar may be a‘win-win’for improving environmental quality in pot

关键词： Biochar Cadmium Nutrient availability Sequential extraction procedure X-ray absorption spectroscopy Zinc

THE α_2/γ INTERFACIAL STRUCTURE CHANgES IN A DUAL-PHASE γ-TiAl ALLOY AFTER HOT DEFORMATION AND SUBSEQUENT SHORT-TIME ANNEALINg

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 1997年第6期10卷 501-509页

作者： L.C. Zhang g.L. Chen J. g. Wang and H.Q. Ye(State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083, China.)(Laboratory of Atomic Imaging of Solids, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy Univ of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China

The nonequilibrium α2/γ interfacial structures have been studied using the conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscope. The nonequilibrium γ/γ and α2/γ interfaces are important microstructure features of hot-forged Ti-45Al-8Nb2.5Mn-0.05B alloys. The characteristics of these nonequilibrium interfacial boundaries include the frequent interfacial ledges and the deviation from the conventional orientation relationship {111}γ.

关键词： α_2/γinterface interface deformation twin HRTEM

Speciation in nanosecond laser ablation of zinc in water

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第7期65卷 90-98页

作者： Stefan Reich Yannis Klügl Anna Ziefuss RenéStreubel Jorg gottlicher Anton Plech Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe D-76021Germany Department of Technical ChemistryⅠand Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen University of Duisburg-EssenEssen D-45141Germany Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics Ernst-Mach-Institute(EMI)Freiburg 79104Germany

In situ experimental methods have been applied to resolve mass flow and chemical speciation in the pulsed laser ablation of zinc in water. The chemical speciation has been resolved by time-resolved μ-X-ray absorption spectroscopy and mapped onto the macroscopic mass flow during material ejection from the metallic target and bubble dynamics of evaporated water. Large particles and agglomerates have been detected via dark-field X-ray imaging with a Shack-Hartmann sensor. The characteristic of the dynamics is that the vapor bubble is nearly homogeneously filled with ablated material. This persists during bubble collapse,which means that the ablated particles are captured and retracted towards the target. Limited mass escape is indicated by the X-ray absorption signal. Importantly, the near-edge structure at the Zn-K;transition delivers information on the chemical state of the ejected material. It clearly confirms that oxidation is not present within the bubble phase and the following sub-millisecond time scale. The oxidation proceeds on Zn nanoparticles in suspension on a second to minute course. Within the first microseconds,a Zn atom phase is detected that resembles Zn vapor. The addition of either reductive NaBH;or oxidative HAuCl;to the water phase influences the quantity of the atom contribution moderately, but does not influence the initial atom phase. Such behavior must be understood in terms of the nanosecond pulse excitation. After ejected material and a plasma is formed within the pulse duration of 7 ns the laser is able to further heat the ejecta and transform it partly into vapor. Correspondingly, the coupling of energy into the ablation zone as followed by plasma intensity and bubble size follows a threshold behavior as a function of laser fluence, marking the onset of laser-plasma heating. The reaction conditions inside the bubble are probably reductive due to the concomitant formation of excess hydrogen.

关键词： laser ablation in liquids elemental speciation X-ray absorption spectroscopy oxidation zinc oxide nanoparticles

Effect of Surfactant Stabilizers on the Distribution of Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Media

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2018年第3期33卷 533-536页

作者： Yury N Tolchkov Zoya A Mikhaleva R D A Sldozian Nariman R Memetov Alexey g Tkachev Department of Technology and Methods of Nanoproducts Manufacturing Tambov State Technical University

The results of a study on the homogeneity of suspensions are described considering the effect of different types of surfactant stabilizers and their concentrations on the uniform distribution of a carbon nanotubes（CNTs）-based modifying additive to construction materials in an aqueous medium. This problem was solved herein by using surfactants and ultrasound. The sonication treatment of CNTs particle agglomerates allowed for dispersing their globules and achieving a 15-20-fold decrease in their average size, for which it became possible to make better use of the CNTs as cement modifier. As a result of the experimental studies carried out, the effect of the surfactant type and concentration promoting uniform distribution of the CNTs in the bulk of the suspension and, correspondingly, in the structural composite matrix was revealed. The CNTs-based additive improved the physical-mechanical and operational characteristics of the material.

关键词： carbon nanotubes nanomodification composite construction materials surfactants

Prediction of sorption enhanced steam methane reforming products from machine learning based soft-sensor models

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能源与人工智能(英文) 2020年第2期2卷 157-166页

作者： Paula Nkulikiyinka Yongliang Yan Fatih gülec Vasilije Manovic Peter T.Clough Energy and Power Theme School of WaterEnergy and EnvironmentCranfield UniversityCranfieldBedfordshireMK430ALUK Advanced Materials Research group Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG72RDUK

Carbon dioxide-abated hydrogen can be synthesised via various processes,one of which is sorption enhanced steam methane reforming(SE-SMR),which produces separated streams of high purity H_(2) and CO_(2).Properties of hydrogen and the sorbent material hinder the ability to rapidly upscale SE-SMR,therefore the use of artificial intelligence models is useful in order to assist scale *** of a data driven soft-sensor model over ther-modynamic simulations,is the ability to obtain real time information dependent on actual process *** this study,two soft sensor models have been developed and used to predict and estimate variables that would otherwise be difficult direct *** artificial neural networks and the random forest models were devel-oped as soft sensor prediction *** were shown to provide good predictions for gas concentrations in the reformer and regenerator reactors of the SE-SMR process using temperature,pressure,steam to carbon ratio and sorbent to carbon ratio as input process *** models were very accurate with high R^(2) values,all above 98%.However,the random forest model was more precise in the predictions,with consistently higher R^(2) values and lower mean absolute error(0.002-0.014)compared to the neural network model(0.005-0.024).

关键词： Machine learning Artificial neural network Soft sensor Sorption enhanced steam methane reforming Calcium looping

Prospects delineation and evaluation using the CDP gathers characterization, onshore Nile Delta, Egypt

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Petroleum Research 2019年第4期4卷 365-375页

作者： Mohamed Hussein Ahmed S.Abu El-Ata Mohamed g.El-Behiry Petroleum Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringFuture University in EgyptEgypt geophysics Department Faculty of ScienceAin Shams UniversityEgypt geophysics Department Faculty of ScienceCairo UniversityEgypt

In the last decade, the seismic AVO analysis have become prominent in the direct hydrocarbons indicator(DHI), aimed at characterizing the fluid content or the lithology of a possible reservoir and reducing theexploration drilling risk. This research discuss the impact of studying the common depth point (CDP)gathers on Near, Mid and Far-offsets, to verify the credibility of the amplitude response in the prospectevaluation, through analyzing a case study of two exploratory wells;one has already penetrated a gasbearing sandstone as a reservoir and the other one is dry-sand, but drilled in two different prospects,using the amplitude versus offset (AVO) analysis, to understand the reservoir configuration and itsrelation to the different amplitude response. The results show, that the missing of the short-offset data isthe reason of the false anomaly encountered in the dry sand, due to some urban surface obstacles duringacquiring the seismic data in the field especially, the study area is located in El Mansoura city, which it isa highly cultivated flat terrain, with multiple channels and many large orchards on the edge of the river,and sugar cane and rice fields. Several lessons have been learned, which how to differentiate between thegas reservoirs and non-reservoirs, by understanding the relation between the Near and Far-offset traces,to reduce the amplitude anomalies to their right justification, where missing of Near-offset data led to apseudo-amplitude anomaly. The results led to a high success of exploration ratio as the positives vastlyoutweigh the negatives.

关键词： CDP gathers AVO analysis Seismic attributes Qawasim sands Near-offset