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Advancement in utilization of magnetic resonance imaging and biomarkers in the understanding of schizophrenia

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第1期13卷 11-15页

作者： Aidan K Tirpack Danyaal g Buttar mandeep Kaur Department of Psychiatry Campbell University School of Osteopathic MedicineBuies CreekNC 27506United States Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Mercyhealth Hospital and Trauma CenterJanesvilleWI 53548United States

Historically,psychiatric diagnoses have been made based on patient’s reported symptoms applying the criteria from diagnostic and statistical manual of mental *** utilization of neuroimaging or biomarkers to make the diagnosis and manage psychiatric disorders remains a distant *** have been several studies that examine brain imaging in psychiatric disorders,but more work is needed to elucidate the complexities of the human *** this editorial,we examine two articles by Xu et al and Stoyanov et al,that show developments in the direction of using neuroimaging to examine the brains of people with schizo-phrenia and *** et al used magnetic resonance imaging to examine the brain structure of patients with schizophrenia,in addition to examining neurotransmitter levels as *** et al used functional magnetic resonance imaging to look at modulation of different neural circuits by diagnostic-specific scales in patients with schizophrenia and *** two studies provide crucial evidence in advancing our understanding of the brain in prevalent psychiatric disorders.

关键词： Schizophrenia magnetic resonance imaging Biomarkers Neurotransmitters Psychiatric disorders

Peri-Net-Pro: the neural processes with quantified uncertainty for crack patterns

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2023年第7期44卷 1085-1100页

作者： m.KIm g.LIN Samsung Electronics Yongin-siGyeonggi-do 17113Republic of Korea Department of mathematics Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907-2067U.S.A. School of mechanical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907-2067U.S.A.

This paper develops a deep learning tool based on neural processes(NPs)called the Peri-Net-Pro,to predict the crack patterns in a moving disk and classifies them according to the classification modes with quantified *** particular,image classification and regression studies are conducted by means of convolutional neural networks(CNNs)and ***,the amount and quality of the data are enhanced by using peridynamics to theoretically compensate for the problems of the finite element method(FEm)in generating crack pattern ***,case studies are conducted with the prototype microelastic brittle(PmB),linear peridynamic solid(LPS),and viscoelastic solid(VES)models obtained by using the peridynamic *** case studies are performed to classify the images by using CNNs and determine the suitability of the PmB,LBS,and VES ***,a regression analysis is performed on the crack pattern images with NPs to predict the crack *** regression analysis results confirm that the variance decreases when the number of epochs increases by using the *** training results gradually improve,and the variance ranges decrease to less than *** main finding of this study is that the NPs enable accurate predictions,even with missing or insufficient training *** results demonstrate that if the context points are set to the 10th,100th,300th,and 784th,the training information is deliberately omitted for the context points of the 10th,100th,and 300th,and the predictions are different when the context points are significantly ***,the comparison of the results of the 100th and 784th context points shows that the predicted results are similar because of the gaussian processes in the ***,if the NPs are employed for training,the missing information of the training data can be supplemented to predict the results.

关键词： neural process(NP) peridynamics crack pattern molecular dynamic(mD)simulation machine learning gaussian process regression convolutional neural network(CNN)

Pulmonary delivery of liposomal dry powder inhaler formulation for effective treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2018年第1期13卷 91-100页

作者： S.Chennakesavulu A.mishra A.Sudheer C.sowmya C.Suryaprakash Reddy E.Bhargav Pharmacy Department NDDS Laboratory Donors Plaza Faculty of Technology and Engineering The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Pharmacology Department Faculty of Technology and Engineering The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda Center for Pharmaceutical Research Pharmaceutics Department Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research

Dry powder inhaler Liposomes were prepared to investigate the effectiveness of pulmonary delivery of Colchicine and Budesonide for Idiopathic Pulmonary fibrosis. Budesonide(BUD) and Colchicine(COL) liposomes were prepared by thin layer film hydration method(TFH) using 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol sodium(DPPg), Hydrogenated Soyaphosphotidylcholine(HSPC), Soyaphosphatidylcholine(SPC), cholesterol(CHOL) and drug in different weight ratios. The optimum lipid composition for BUD(74.22 ± 0.97%) was DPPg:HSPC: CHOL(4:5:1) and for COL(50.94 ± 2.04%) was DPPg: SPC: CHOL(3:6:1). These compositions retained drug for a longer period of time so selected for further study. Liposomes were found to be spherical in shape with mean size below 100 nm. Liposomes lyophilized using mannitol as carrier and cryoprotectant showed high entrapment efficiency(97.89-98.6%). The powder was dispersed through an Andersen cascade impactor to evaluate the performance of the aerosolized powder. It was found that prepared liposomal dry powder inhaler(DPIs) sustained the drug release up to 24 hours. Optimized Budesonide DPI Formulation B2(86.53 ± 1.9%), Colchicine DPI Formulation C2(90.54 ± 2.3 %) and BUD and COL DPI Combination m2(89.91 ± 1.8%, 91.23 ± 1.9%). Histopathological results, measurements of lung hydroxyproline content, myeloperoxidase activity indicated that liposomal drypowder inhaler administration attenuates lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin. Long term stability studies indicated that lyophilised BUD and COL liposomes were stable for 6 months at(25 °C± 2 °C, 60% ± 5% RH) and refrigerated conditions(2-8 °C). These results supported that combination of budesonide and colchicine liposomal dry powder inhaler pulmonary drug delivery for treatment of idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis exhibits prolonged drug retention at targeted site and reduces the systemic exposure.

关键词： Idiopathic Pulmonary fibrosis Budesonide Colchicine Liposomal dry powder inhaler Pulmonary drug delivery

Insights from an academic endeavor into central nervous system drug discovery

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1717-1718页

作者： Lieve van Veggel An m.Voets Tim Vanmierlo Rudy Schreiber BIOmED Biomedical Research Institute Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesHasselt UniversityHasseltBelgium Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology Division of Translational NeuroscienceEuropean Graduate School of NeuroscienceSchool for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands Section of Psychopharmacology Neuropsychology and PsychopharmacologyFaculty of Psychology and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands University mS Center(UmSC) Hasselt-PeltBelgium

Historically,"big pharma"did most central nervous system drug discovery R&D ***,in modern times their"management reductionism"resulted in disappointing pipelines and pharma resided to(late)development,regulatory approval,and marketing(Thong,2015).This had significant consequences for financing and executing research,resulting in a larger role for funding by governments and patient-organizations and a shift of research to academia(mazzucato,2013).

关键词： academic approval consequences

molecular characterization of yolk proteins in the female crab Neptunus pelagicus(***-Edwards,1861) from the mediterranean Sea of Alexandria,Egypt

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2020年第2期38卷 438-453页

作者： IBRAHIm g ELgHAZALY m Department of Zoology Faculty of ScienceAlexandria UniversityAlexandria 21547Egypt Department of Zoology Faculty of ScienceDamnhour UniversityEl Behara 22516Egypt

This study aimed to characterize the morphological changes in the ovary of the female crab Neptunus pelagicus and to identify specific fractions of vitelloginin and vitelline molecules during primary and secondary *** of the blue crab were collected from the mediterranean Sea of Alexandria monthly during *** and oocytes in primary and secondary vitellogenesis were detached and treated for histological *** polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAgE)Bis-Tris gels was applied to identify vitelloginin(VN)and vitelline(VL)*** Analyses were done by *** initial degenerate primers were built regarding the conserved amino acid domains of the yolk *** and secondary vitellogeneses consisted of 8 *** fraction with molecular weight 550 kDa was identified in the hemolymph in secondary *** protein fractions(VLI&VLII)were identified in secondary vitellogenic *** electrophoresis performed with extract of stage I oocyte showed two protein fractions with molecular weights 550 kDa and 460 *** stage II and III oocyte,4 subunits were presented of 180,195,140 and 120 kDa in VLI and 2 subunits with molecular weight of 110 kDa and 95 kDa in *** two fractions in stage V oocyte presented with molecular weights of 380 kDa and 360 *** blot analysis proved that both fractions were of four major polypeptide subunits with molecular weight of 180,125,90 and 85 kDa in each of the two *** hybridization signal obtained by the Northern blot was detected in the hepatopancreas during ovarian cycle and in the ovary during secondary *** result of the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)analysis showed that the mRNA that encodes the C-terminal region of the VN cDNA was found in the ovary in secondary vitellogenesis and in the hepatopancreas.

关键词： Neptunus pelagicus vitellogenesis vitelloginin and vitelline native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAgE)Bis-Tris gels PAgE-SDS western blot analysis reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)

Neurocircuit regeneration by extracellular matrix reprogramming

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2300-2301页

作者： Shengzhang Su Ian N.Levasseur Kimberly m.Alonge Department of medicinal Chemistry University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of Chemistry University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of medicine University of Washington Medicine Diabetes InstituteSeattleWAUSA

The brain's extracellular matrix(ECm),which is comprised of protein and glycosaminoglycan(gAg)scaffolds,constitutes 20%-40% of the human brain and is considered one of the largest influencers on brain cell functioning(Soles et al.,2023).Synthesized by neural and glial cells,the brain's ECm regulates a myriad of homeostatic cellular processes,including neuronal plasticity and firing(miyata et al.,2012),cation buffering(moraws ki et al.,2015),and glia-neuron interactions(Anderson et al.,2016).Considering the diversity of functions,dynamic remodeling of the brain's ECm indicates that this understudied medium is an active participant in both normal physiology and neurological diseases.

关键词： matrix programming

Investigation of the inhomogeneous barrier height of an Au/Bi_4Ti_3O_(12)/n-Si structure through gaussian distribution of barrier height

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Chinese Physics B 2012年第12期21卷 538-543页

作者： m.gken m.Yildirim Department of Physics Faculty of Arts and SciencesDuzce University

A Au/Bi4Ti3O12/n-Si structure is fabricated in order to investigate its current voltage （IV） characteristics in a temperature range of 300 K-400 K. Obtained I-V data are evaluated by the thermionic emission （TE） theory. Zero-bias barrier height （Ф0） and ideality factor （n） calculated from I-V characteristics, are found to be temperature-dependent such that ФB0 increases with temperature increasing, whereas n decreases. The obtained temperature dependence of ФB0 and linearity in ФB0 versus the n plot, together with a lower barrier height and Richardson constant values obtained from the Richardson plot, indicate that the barrier height of the structure is inhomogeneous in nature. Therefore, I-V characteristics are explained on the basis of Caussian distribution of barrier height.

关键词： Bi4Ti3O12 I-V characterization temperature dependence gaussian distribution

Bianchi type I in f(T) gravitational theories

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第5期25卷 58-64页

作者： m I Wanas g g L Nashed O A Ibrahim Astronomy Department Faculty of Science Cairo University Cairo Egypt Centre for Theoretical Physics The British University in Egypt El-Sherouk City Egypt mathematics Department Faculty of Science Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Egyptian Relativity group (ERg) Giza Egypt

A tetrad field that is homogeneous and anisotropic which contains two unknown functions A（t） and B（t） of cosmic time is applied to the field equations of f（T）, where T is the torsion scalar, T = T~μ_（νρ）S_μ^（νρ）. We calculate the equation of continuity and rewrite it as a product of two brackets, the first is a function of f（T） and the second is a function of the two unknowns A（t） and B（t）. We use two different relations between the two unknown functions A（t） and B（t） in the second bracket to solve it. Both of these relations give constant scalar torsion and solutions coincide with the de Sitter one. So,another assumption related to the contents of the matter fields is postulated. This assumption enables us to drive a solution with a non-constant value of the scalar torsion and a form of f（T） which represents ΛCDm.

关键词： f(T) gravitational theory Bianchi type I special solutions

Embedded Atom method-Based geometry Optimization Aspects of Body-Centered Cubic metals

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Chinese Physics Letters 2013年第5期30卷 112-115页

作者： m.güler E.güler Department of Physics Hitit University19030 CorumTurkey

We present embedded atom method-based geometry optimization calculations for Fe, Cr, mo, Nb, Ta, V and W body-centered cubic metals with Finnis–Sinclair potentials. After the optimization, we determine their typical elastic constants, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratios, elastic wave velocities and cohesive energies. Additionally, we perform a benchmark between the experiments and the available density functional theory results. In general, our results show a good consistency with previous findings on the elastic and cohesive energy properties of the considered metals.

关键词： modulus optimization cubic