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Neurogenesis dynamics in the olfactory bulb:deciphering circuitry organization, function, and adaptive plasticity

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1565-1581页

作者： moawiah m.Naffaa Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA Department of Cell Biology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA

Adult neurogenesis persists after birth in the subventricular zone, with new neurons migrating to the granule cell layer and glomerular layers of the olfactory bulb, where they integrate into existing circuitry as inhibitory interneurons. The generation of these new neurons in the olfactory bulb supports both structural and functional plasticity, aiding in circuit remodeling triggered by memory and learning processes. However, the presence of these neurons, coupled with the cellular diversity within the olfactory bulb, presents an ongoing challenge in understanding its network organization and function. moreover,the continuous integration of new neurons in the olfactory bulb plays a pivotal role in regulating olfactory information processing. This adaptive process responds to changes in epithelial composition and contributes to the formation of olfactory memories by modulating cellular connectivity within the olfactory bulb and interacting intricately with higher-order brain regions. The role of adult neurogenesis in olfactory bulb functions remains a topic of debate. Nevertheless, the functionality of the olfactory bulb is intricately linked to the organization of granule cells around mitral and tufted cells. This organizational pattern significantly impacts output, network behavior, and synaptic plasticity, which are crucial for olfactory perception and memory. Additionally, this organization is further shaped by axon terminals originating from cortical and subcortical regions. Despite the crucial role of olfactory bulb in brain functions and behaviors related to olfaction, these complex and highly interconnected processes have not been comprehensively studied as a whole. Therefore, this manuscript aims to discuss our current understanding and explore how neural plasticity and olfactory neurogenesis contribute to enhancing the adaptability of the olfactory system. These mechanisms are thought to support olfactory learning and memory, potentially through increased

关键词： network adaptability neurogenesis neuronal communication olfactory bulb olfactory learning olfactory memory synaptic plasticity

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SBL-JP-0004:A promising dual inhibitor of JAK2 and PI3KCD against gastric cancer

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Oncology Research 2025年第1期33卷 235-243页

作者： HASSAN m.OTIFI Department of Pathology College of MedicineKing Khalid UniversityAbha62521Saudi Arabia

Background:gastric cancer(gC)remains a global health burden and is often characterized by heterogeneous molecular profiles and resistance to conventional *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase and PI3K and Janus kinase(JAK)signal transducer and activator of transcription(JAK-STAT)pathways play pivotal roles in gC progression,making them attractive targets for therapeutic ***:This study applied a computational and molecular dynamics simulation approach to identify and characterize SBL-JP-0004 as a potential dual inhibitor of JAK2 and PI3KCD *** and SNU-5 gC cells were used for in vitro ***:SBL-JP-0004 exhibited a robust binding affinity for JAK2 and PI3KCD kinases,as evidenced by molecular docking scores and molecular dynamics *** interactions and gibbs binding free energy estimates confirmed stable and favorable interactions with target ***-JP-0004 displayed an half-maximal inhibitory concentration(IC_(50))value of 118.9 nm against JAK2 kinase and 200.9 nm against PI3KCD ***-JP-0004 exhibited potent inhibition of cell proliferation in KATOIII and SNU-5 cells,with half-maximal growth inhibitory concentration(gI50)values of 250.8 and 516.3 nm,respectively.A significant elevation in the early phase apoptosis(28.53%in KATOIII cells and 26.85%in SNU-5 cells)and late phase apoptosis(17.37%in KATOIII cells and 10.05%in SNU-5 cells)were observed with SBL-JP-0004 treatment compared to 2.1%and 2.83%in their respective ***:The results highlight SBL-JP-0004 as a promising dual inhibitor targeting JAK2 and PI3KCD kinases for treating gC and warrant further preclinical and clinical investigations to validate its utility in clinical settings.

关键词： gastric cancer(gC) Dual inhibition JAK2 PI3KCD SBL-JP-0004 molecular docking molecular dynamics simulation

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mitochondria–cgAS–STINg axis is a potential therapeutic target for senescence-dependent inflammaging-associated neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 805-807页

作者： Josém.Izquierdo Centro de Biología molecular Severo Ochoa(CBm) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid(CSIC-UAM)MadridSpain

The word “senescence” comes from the Latin senescens, meaning “to begin to age”, and is characterized by a long-lasting but reversible block in proliferation, resulting from stress-induced cell cycle arrest of pre... 详细信息

关键词： Latin potential lasting

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Unsupervised intrusion detection system for in-vehicle communication networks

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2024年第2期5卷 119-129页

作者： Kabilan N Vinayakumar Ravi V sowmya Center for Computational Engineering and Networking(CEN) Amrita School of Artificial InteligenceAmrita Vishwa VidyapeethamCoimbatoreIndia Center for Artificial Intlligence Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd UniversityKhobarSaudi Arabia

In-vehicle communication has been optimized day to day to keep updated of the *** area network(CAN)is used as a standard communication method because of its efficient and reliable ***,CAN is prone to several network level attacks because of its lack in security *** methods have been introduced to incorporate this in *** proposed an unsupervised method of intrusion detection for in-vehicle communication networks by combining the optimal feature extracting ability of autoencoders and more precise clustering using fuzzy C-means(FCm).The proposed method is light weight and requires less computation *** performed an extensive experiment and achieved an accuracy of 75.51%with the mL35o in-vehicle intrusion *** experimental result,the proposed method also works better for other intrusion detection problems like wireless intrusion detection datasets such as WNS-DS with accuracy of 84.05%and network intrusion detection datasets such as KDDCup with accuracy 60.63%,UNSW_NB15 with accuracy 73.62%and Information Security Center of Excellence(Iscx)with accuracy 74.83%.Overall,the proposed method outperforms the existing methods and avoids labeled datasets when training an in-vehicle intrusion detection *** results of the experiment of our proposed method performed on various intru-sion detection datasets indicate that the proposed approach is generalized and robust in detecting intrusions and can be effectively deployed in real time to monitor CAN traffic in vehicles and proactively alert during attacks.

关键词： Controlarea network Intrusiondetection Unsupervised learning Autoencoders Fuzzy C-means

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Brain-penetrating neurotrophic factor mimetics: HER-096 as a disease-modifying therapy for Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1094-1095页

作者： Natalia Kulesskaya Kira m.Holmström Henri J.Huttunen Herantis Pharma Plc EspooFinland

Neurotrophic factors as a therapeutic approach in neurodegenerative diseases:A major unmet need in the field of central nervous system diseases is disease-modifying *** for decades there have been various symptomatic treatments available to alleviate the symptoms of the disease,disease-modification,*** that stop,significantly delay,or reverse the progression of the disease,has been turned out to a difficult goal to achieve.

关键词： diseases treatment therapeutic

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A New metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms for Brushless Direct Current Wheel motor Design Problem

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Computers, materials & Continua 2021年第5期67卷 2227-2242页

作者： m.Premkumar R.sowmya Pradeep Jangir Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar mujahed Aldhaifallah Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering GMR Institute of TechnologyRajam532127India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering National Institute of TechnologyTiruchirappalli620015India Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Prasaran Nigam Sikar305001India Department of mathematics College of Arts and SciencesPrince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityWadi Aldawaser11991Saudi Arabia Systems Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum&MineralsDhahranSaudi Arabia

The Equilibrium Optimizer(EO),grey Wolf Optimizer(gWO),and Whale Optimizer(WO)algorithms are being recently developed for engineering optimization *** this paper,the EO,gWO,and WO algorithms are applied individually for a brushless direct current(BLDC)design optimization *** EO algorithm is inspired by the models utilized to find the system’s dynamic state and equilibrium *** gWO and WO algorithms are inspired by the hunting behavior of the wolf and the whale,*** primary purpose of any optimization technique is to find the optimal configuration by maximizing motor efficiency and/or minimizing the total ***,two objective functions are being used to achieve these *** first refers to a design with high power output and *** second is a constraint imposed by the reality that the motor is built into the wheel of the vehicle and,therefore,a lightweight is *** EO,gWO,and WOA algorithms are then utilized to optimize the BLDC motor’s design variables to minimize the motor’s total mass or maximize the motor efficiency by simultaneously satisfying the six inequality *** simulation is carried out using mATLAB simulation software,and the simulation results prove the dominance of the proposed *** paper also suggests an efficient method from the proposed three methods for the BLDC motor design optimization problem.

关键词： BLDC motor constrained equilibrium optimizer singleobjective optimization

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Plasticized Polymer Electrolyte membranes Based on PEO/PVdF-HFP for Use as an Effective Electrolyte in Lithium-ion Batteries

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2017年第3期35卷 407-421页

作者： pradeepa prabakaran ramesh prabhu manimuthu sowmya gurusamy edwinraj sebasthiyan school of physics alagappa universityKaraikudi-630 004Tamil NaduIndia

Plasticized polymer electrolytes were prepared using poly（ethylene oxide）(PEO)/poly（vinylidene fluoridehexafluoro propylene）(PVd F-HFP) with lithium perchlorate（Li Cl O4） and different plasticizers. XRD and FTIR spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize the structure and the complexation of plasticizer with the host polymer matrix. The role of interaction between polymer hosts and plasticizer on conductivity is discussed using the results of alternating current（a.c.） impedance studies. Tg-DTA and SEm were used for thermal and physical characterizations. maximum ionic conductivity(3.26 × 10;S·cm;) has been observed for ethylene carbonate（EC）-based polymer electrolytes. Electrochemical performance of the plasticized polymer electrolyte is evaluated in LiFePO;/plasticized polymer electrolytes（PPEs）/Li coin cell. good performance with low capacity fading on charge discharge cycling is demonstrated.

关键词： X-ray diffraction Impedance spectroscopy Atomic force microscopy Ionic conductivity Dielectrics

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Search for microglia-specific peptides:advances in the discovery toolbox

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 471-472页

作者： Ivan Sarabia Kyle m.Koss Department of Surgery University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA

Uncontrolled and chronic inflammatory states in the central nervous system(CNS)are the hallmark of neurodegenerative pathology and every injury or stroke-related *** key mediators of these neuroinflammatory states are glial cells known as microglia,the resident immune cell at the core of the inflammatory event,and astroglia,which encapsulate inflammatory insults in proteoglycan-rich scar *** gliotic scar blocks significant portions of healthy axonal networking,preventing *** most neuroinflammation is exclusively based on the responses of said microglia,their phenotypes are suggested to follow those of macrophages;m1 and m2 are opposites of pro-and ***,microglial phenotypes have been identified to be on an inflammatory spectrum encompassing developmental,homeostatic,and reparative behaviors as opposed to their ability to affect devastating cell death cascades and scar tissue formation.

关键词： inflammation pathology death

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Nonlinear forced vibration in a subcritical regime of a porous functionally graded pipe conveying fluid with a retaining clip

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 101-122页

作者： m.gHOLAmI m.EFTEKHARI Department of mechanical Engineering Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman

This study examines the nonlinear behaviors of a clamped-clamped porous pipe made of a functionally graded material(Fgm) that conveys fluids and is equipped with a retaining clip, focusing on primary resonance and subcritical dynamics. The nonlinear governing equations for the Fgm pipe are derived by the extended Hamilton's principle, and subsequently discretized through the application of the galerkin *** direct method of multi-scales is then used to solve the derived equations. A thorough analysis of various parameters, including the clip stiffness, the power-law index, the porosity, and the clip location, is conducted to gain a comprehensive understanding of the system's nonlinear dynamics. Through the analysis of the first natural frequency, the study highlights the influence of the flow velocity and the clip stiffness, while the comparisons with metallic pipes emphasize the role of Fgm composition. The examination of the forced response curves reveals saddle-node bifurcations and their dependence on parameters such as the detuning parameter and the power-law index, offering valuable insights into the system's nonlinear resonant behavior. Furthermore, the frequency-response curves illustrate the hardening nonlinearities influenced by factors such as the porosity and the clip stiffness, revealing nuanced effects on the system response and resonance characteristics. This comprehensive analysis enhances the understanding of nonlinear behaviors in Fgm porous pipes with a retaining clip, providing key insights for practical engineering applications in system design and optimization.

关键词： galerkin methods

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Culture-expanded mesenchymal stromal cell therapy: does it work in knee osteoarthritis? A pathway to clinical success

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2023年第6期20卷 626-650页

作者： grffn Copp Kevin P.Robb sowmya Viswanathan Osteoarthritis Research Program Division of Orthopedic SurgerySchroeder Arthritis InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada Krembil Research Institute University Health NetworkTorontoONCanada institute of Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Department of medicine Division of HematologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Osteoarthritis(OA)is a degenerative multifactorial disease with concomitant structural,inflammatory,and metabolic changes that fluctuate in a temporal and patient-specific *** complexity has contributed to refractory responses to various *** have shown promise as multimodal therapeutics in mitigating OA symptoms and disease ***,we evaluated 15 randomized controlled clinical trials(RCTs)and 11 nonrandomized RCTs using culture-expanded mSCs in the treatment of knee OA,and we found net positive effects of mSCs on mitigating pain and symptoms(improving function in 12/15 RCTs relative to baseline and in 11/15 RCTs relative to control groups at study endpoints)and on cartilage protection and/or repair(18/21 clinical studies).We examined msC dose,tissue of origin,and autologous *** origins as well as patient clinical phenotype,endotype,age,sex and level of OA severity as key parameters in parsing mSC clinical *** relatively small sample size of 610 patients limited the drawing of definitive ***,we noted trends toward moderate to higher doses of msCs in select OA patient clinical phenotypes mitigating pain and leading to structural improvements or cartilage *** from preclinical studies is supportive of msC anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects,but additional investigations on immunomodulatory,chondroprotective and other clinical mechanisms of action are *** hypothesize that msC basal immunomodulatory"fitness"correlates with OA treatment efficacy,but this hypothesis needs to be validated in future *** conclude with a roadmap articulating the need to match an OA patient subset defined by molecular endotype and clinical phenotype with basally immunomodulatory"ft"or engineered-to-be-fit-for-OA msCs in well-designed,data-intensive clinical trials to advance the field.

关键词： mSC Osteoarthritis Cell therapy mesenchymal stromal cell RCT

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