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The Development of Protein Microarrays and Their Applications in DNA-Protein and Protein-Protein Interaction Analyses of Arabidopsis Transcription Factors

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Molecular Plant 2008年第1期1卷 27-41页

作者： Wei gong Kun He Mike Covington S. R Dinesh-Kumar Michael snyder Stacey L. Harmer yu-Xian Zhu Xing Wang Denga Peking-yale Joint Center for Plant Molecular genetics and Agrobiotechnology Co and Plant Genetic Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Section of Plant Biology College of Biological Sciences University of California Davis 95616 USA

We used our collection of Arabidopsis transcription factor （TF） ORFeome clones to construct protein microarrays containing as many as 802 TF proteins. These protein microarrays were used for both protein-DNA and proteinprotein interaction analyses. For protein-DNA interaction studies, we examined AP2/ERF family TFs and their cognate cis-elements. By careful comparison of the DNA-binding specificity of 13 TFs on the protein microarray with previous non-microarray data, we showed that protein microarrays provide an efficient and high throughput tool for genome-wide analysis of TF-DNA interactions. This microarray protein-DNA interaction analysis allowed us to derive a comprehensive view of DNA-binding profiles of AP2/ERF family proteins in Arabidopsis. It also revealed four TFs that bound the EE （evening element） and had the expected phased gene expression under clock-regulation, thus providing a basis for further functional analysis of their roles in clock regulation of gene expression. We also developed procedures for detecting protein interactions using this TF protein microarray and discovered four novel partners that interact with Hy5, which can be validated by yeast two-hybrid assays. Thus, plant TF protein microarrays offer an attractive high-throughput alternative to traditional techniques for TF functional characterization on a global scale.

关键词： transcription factor (TF) TF-DNA EE (evening element)

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Comparative experiments and effectiveness evaluation on vertical blowing fans(VBF)for frost protection

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第5期8卷 36-42,I0002页

作者： Hu yongguang Wu Wenye J.Paulo De Melo-Abreu Tom M.Shapland Zhang Hong Richard L.snyder School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Instituto Superior de Agronomia Universidade de LisboaLisbon 1349-017Portugal Department of Viticulture and Enology University of CaliforniaDavisDavis 95616CaliforniaUSA Department of Land Air and Water ResourcesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisDavis 95616USA

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of vertical blowing fans(VBF)for frost protection in a vineyard on a steep slope near Napa Valley in Northern California,USA,and a tea plantation located on undulating terrain in Zhenjiang,*** temperature comparisons from within the grape vineyard on nights with and without VBF operation with control station minimum temperatures exhibited no temperature *** measurements from the test in China indicated that there was an increase in temperature when the VBF was first started,but that benefit was lost over *** clear benefit from using the VBF was *** of frost deposition and thermal imagery also showed no benefit except for within about 5 m of the *** on this work,the effectiveness of the VBF for frost protection was not validated.

关键词： frost protection thermal inversion weather modification wind machines vertical blowing fans(VBF) temperature

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English And Chinese Idioms“Off The Cuff”

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玉溪师范学院学报 1992年第4期8卷 81-90页

作者： Peter snyder 李文奉

Idiom在英语中的定义为an expression with a meaning that can’t beguessed from the meanings of the individual words.(不能从字面判断其意义的固定词组)。例如:rain cats and dogs(倾盆大雨)这个idiom的含义并非这三个词(rain+cats+dogs)的表面意义相加。这个定义并不完全与汉语“成语”的定义对等。因为汉语中“不能从字面判断其意义的词组”还包括了“成语”

关键词：固定词组 idiom 对应词对等词 trouble Off The Cuff 破釜沉船文学作品 bread talking

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California Simulation of Evapotranspiration of Applied Water and Agricultural Energy Use in California

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第8期12卷 1371-1388页

作者： Morteza N Orang Richard L snyder Shu geng Quinn J Hart Sara Sarreshteh Matthias Falk Dylan Beaudette Scott Hayes Simon Eching California Department of Water Resources Department of Land Air and Water ResourcesUniversity of California School of Environment and Energy Shenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking University

The California Simulation of Evapotranspiration of Applied Water （CaI-SIMETAW） model is a new tool developed by the California Department of Water Resources and the University of California, Davis to perform daily soil water balance and determine crop evapotranspiration （ETo）, evapotranspiration of applied water （ETaw）, and applied water （AW） for use in California water resources planning. ETaw is a seasonal estimate of the water needed to irrigate a crop assuming 100% irrigation efficiency. The model accounts for soils, crop coefficients, rooting depths, seepage, etc. that influence crop water balance. It provides spatial soil and climate information and it uses historical crop and land-use category information to provide seasonal water balance estimates by combinations of detailed analysis unit and county （DAU/County） over Califomia. The result is a large data base of ETc and ETaw that will be used to update information in the new California Water Plan （CWP）. The application uses the daily climate data, i.e., maximum （Tx） and minimum （Tn） temperature and precipitation （Pcp）, which were derived from monthly USDA-NRCS PRISM data （PRISM group 2011） and daily US National Climate Data Center （NCDC） climate station data to cover California on a 4 kmx4 km change grid spacing. The application uses daily weather data to determine reference evapotranspiration （ETo）, using the Hargreaves-Samani （HS） equation （Hargreaves and Samani 1982, 1985）. Because the HS equation is based on temperature only, ETo from the HS equation were compared with CIMIS ETo at the same locations using available CIMIS data to determine correction factors to estimate CIMIS ETo from the HS ETo to account for spatial climate differences. CaI-SIMETAW also employs near real-time reference evapotranspiration （ETo） information from Spatial CIMIS, which is a model that combines weather station data and remote sensing to provide a grid of ETo information. A second database containing the available soil water

关键词： soil water balance crop water requirements weather generator water resource planning crop coefficient energy use

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Haploid Induction via In vitro gynogenesis in Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第10期13卷 2122-2131页

作者： ZHAO He WANg Xiao-xuan DU yong-chen ZHU De-wei gUO yan-mei gAO Jian-chang LI Fei John C snyder Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Department of Horticulture University of Kentucky

In order to determine the potential for haploid induction via in vitro gynogenesis in tomato, the ovules and protoplasts of embryo sacs from the hybrids Zhongza 101 and Zhongza 105 were cultured. An efficient method of ovule isolation was established in this study. Using this method, 100-150 ovules could be isolated from one ovary. Isolated ovules were cultured on three induction media to induce gynogenesis in vitro. During culture, ovules were enlarged markedly, with opaque white color. When observed microscopically, there were cell divisions and cell clumps in embryo sacs. Subsequently, the cell clumps in embryo sacs ceased growth, likely because the integument grew faster than embryo sacs did and hindered the fiarther development of embryo sacs. Therefore, subsequent callus morphogenesis might be originated from the integument. Thousands ofcalli from the two tomato varieties were obtained. Five diploid plants were regenerated after 15 months of subculturing. To eliminate the hindering effect of integument on embryo sac cells, the protoplasts of embryo sacs were prepared and cultured. After 48 hours of culture, the protoplasts of embryo sacs doubled in size and gradually formed clusters of cells. These results suggested that gynogenesis might be a potential way for haploid induction in tomato.

关键词： Solanum lycopersicum ovule protoplast of embryo sac macrospore in vitro gynogenesis haploid

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火花点火式稀薄燃气发动机

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柴油机 1992年第6期14卷 1-6页

作者： W.E.snyder S.g.DEXTER 魏逊蒙

1 引言在预燃室稀薄天然气发动机上进行了燃烧过程详细研究。这种发动机引入主燃烧室的燃气非常稀薄(通常50％～100％的过量空气),而预燃室引入少量较浓燃气。压缩之后,预燃室燃气浓度达到化学当量混合比。预燃室内燃气一旦被火花塞点... 详细信息

1 引言在预燃室稀薄天然气发动机上进行了燃烧过程详细研究。这种发动机引入主燃烧室的燃气非常稀薄(通常50％～100％的过量空气),而预燃室引入少量较浓燃气。压缩之后,预燃室燃气浓度达到化学当量混合比。预燃室内燃气一旦被火花塞点火引燃,燃烧迅速发生,仅在曲轴转角几度之后火焰射流进入主燃烧室,火焰射流能量比原来火花能量大几个数量级。事实上预燃室在这里起一个“能量放大器”作用,放大后的能量用来引燃主燃烧室的稀薄燃气。

关键词：发动机预燃室燃烧过程

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How Can We Efficiently Fabricate Nanostructured Materials with Unprecedented Properties?

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Accounts of Materials Research 2021年第12期2卷 1129-1132页

作者： Ian McCue Joshua snyder Department of Material Science and Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 United States Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Laurel Maryland 20723 United States Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 United States

INTRODUCTION Decades of research have been devoted to studying the properties of nanostructured materials-e.g.,single crystalline wires,porous materials,polycrystals and laminatesfor applications ranging from heterogeneous catalysts to highstrength structures.1 Interest in nanoscale materials is motivated by their new(and often enhanced)properties,which are attributed to large interfacial areas and high surface defect concentrations.2 Nanoscale catalysts exhibit superior activities due to surface strains,increased population of dangling bonds,and unique surface electronic states established by surface/subsurface atomic interactions.3,4 For instance,bulk Au surfaces are relatively inert but Au nanoparticles exhibit excellent catalytic behavior.1,3 In a similar fashion,nanocrystalline metals possess exceptionally high yield strengths due to an increased barrier for plasticity mechanisms to operate in confined volumes and in close proximity to interfaces.1,2,5 Unfortunately,fabrication techniques for these materials are frequently resource-intensive and cannot be translated into commercial-scale processing.

关键词： bonds exceptional devoted

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利用LC/Q-TOF和Mass Profiler Professional软件筛查水中新兴化学污染物

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环境化学 2016年第3期35卷 597-600页

作者： Sylvain Merel Shane snyder 化学与环境工程系亚利桑那大学

利用Agilent 6540 Q-TOF LC/MS和Agilent Mass Profiler Professional软件(MPP)灵敏地表征城市污水中复杂的化学成分.通过MPP多变量统计分析软件包对Q-TOF高分辨质谱数据进行处理,揭示了在污水处理过程中有机化学品分布类型的变化.利用... 详细信息

利用Agilent 6540 Q-TOF LC/MS和Agilent Mass Profiler Professional软件(MPP)灵敏地表征城市污水中复杂的化学成分.通过MPP多变量统计分析软件包对Q-TOF高分辨质谱数据进行处理,揭示了在污水处理过程中有机化学品分布类型的变化.利用这项技术能够测定循环水臭氧氧化过程中有机污染物的减少、反弹和形成.MPP的热图提供了分布图,可用来评估水质的细微变化并鉴别特定水源或处理过程中特有的新兴污染物.

关键词： LC/Q-TOF 软件筛查污染物.

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The Beaver Bounces Back

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英语学习 1997年第11期 93-96页

作者： Penny snyder 刘俊凤

As a student in wildlife biology,I was often up before thesun to observe some creature in its natural *** to be a biologist,so I was excited when I waschosen to be part of a study on beavers.I was one of many observers in a research effort taking placeall over the western United *** job had two parts:torecord beaver activity each day,and to record any other animals Isaw at"My"site,a damaged meadow stream in *** colony I observed was known to have two adult beavers

关键词： The Beaver Bounces Back

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Low Dose Ketamine Used for Acute Pain Management in the Emergency Department

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Open Journal of Emergency Medicine 2020年第1期8卷 21-30页

作者： Catherine Kestenian Raymund gantioque Eric snyder Department of Nursing California State University of Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA Emergency Department Providence Cedars-Sinai Tarzana Medical Center Tarzana California USA

The use of opioid analgesics has created an opioid addiction epidemic in the United States and around the world. One of the main responsibilities of the emergency department is to address acute pain. In this paper we examine the use of low dose ketamine as a safe substitute for opioid analgesics. Types of pain are identified using prior established taxonomy, followed by discussing types of management and treatments. The opioid epidemic and its societal implications are considered. We also examine the side effects of ketamine and the use of ketamine as an adjunct to analgesics used for pain control. Recommendations and considerations for the use of ketamine are suggested, and a low dose ketamine administration sample hospital policy is reviewed.

关键词： Low Dose Ketamine Sub-Dissociative Ketamine Pain Control Emergency Department Opioids

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