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The new kid on the block in insect pest management:sprayable RNAi goes commercial

Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 1766-1768页

作者： Junjie yan Ralf Nauen Stuart Reitz Andrei Alyokhin Jiang Zhang David Mota-Sanchez yonggyun Kim Subba Reddy Palli Silvia I.Rondon Brian A.Nault Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes Michael S.Crossley William E.snyder Angharad M.R.gatehouse Myron P.Zalucki Bruce E.Tabashnik yulin gao State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Bayer Ag Crop Science DivisionR&DPest ControlMonheim 40789Germany Department of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityOntario 97914USA School of Biology and Ecology University of MaineOrono 04469USA Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureKey Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518000China Department of Entomology Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48864USA Department of Plant Medicals Andong National UniversityAndong 36729Republic of Korea Department of Entomology University of KentuckyLexington 40503USA Oregon State University Oregon Integrated Pest Management CenterCorvallis 97838USA Department of Entomology Cornell UniversityCornell AgriTechGeneva 14456USA Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology University of TennesseeKnoxville 37996USA Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology University of DelawareNewark 19716USA Department of Entomology University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia 30602USA School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE17RUUK School of the Environment University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Australia Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management College of Plant Health and MedicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China Department of Entomology University of ArizonaTucson 85721USA National Center of Excellence for Tuber and Root Crop Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Insect pest damage to crops is a threat to global food security(Tilman et al.,2011).Climate change,the evolution of insecticide resistance,and the phasing out of insecticides due to environmental and safety concerns exacerbate this *** urgently need safe and effective crop protection tools to sustainably generate yields that meet ever-increasing global demand.

关键词： crops damage pest

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Chronic hepatitis C is a common associated with hepatic granulomas

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2008年第41期14卷 6366-6369页

作者： Ned snyder Juan g Martinez Shu-yuan Xiao Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas 77555-0764 United States Department of Pathology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston Texas 77555-0588 United States

AIM： To determine the most frequent etiologies of hepatic epithelioid granulomas, and whether there was an association with chronic hepatitis C virus （HCV）. METHODS： Both a retrospective review of the pathol- ogy database of liver biopsies at our institution from 1996 through 2006 as well as data from a prospective study of hepatic fibrosis markers and liver biopsies from 2003 to 2006 were reviewed to identify cases of hepatic epithelioid granulomas. Appropriate charts, liver biopsy slides, and laboratory data were reviewed to determine all possible associations. The diagnosis of HCV was based on a positive HCV RNA. RESULTS： There were 4578 liver biopsies and 36 （0.79%） had at least one epithelioid granuloma. HCV was the most common association. Fourteen patients had HCV, and in nine, there were no concurrent condi- tions known to be associated with hepatic granulomas. Prior interferon therapy and crystalloid substances from illicit intravenous injections did not account for the finding. There were hepatic epithelioid granulomas in 3 of 241 patients （1.24%） with known chronic HCV enrolled in the prospective study of hepatic fibrosis markers. CONCLUSION： Although uncommon, hepatic granu- Iomas may be part of the histological spectrum of chronic HCV. When epithelioid granulomas are found on the liver biopsy of someone with HCV, other clini- cally appropriate studies should be done, but if nothing else is found, the clinician can be comfortable with an HCV association.

关键词： Hepatitis C Liver granulomas Liver biopsy

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Trilayer anisotropic structure versus randomly oriented structure in heart valve leaflet tissue engineering

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2023年第4期6卷 423-438页

作者： yuriy snyder Soumen Jana Department of Bioengineering University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA

It has been hypothesized that leaflet substrates with a trilayer structure and anisotropicmechanical properties could be useful for the production of functional and long-lasting tissue-engineered *** investigate the influence of the anisotropic structural and mechanical characteristics of a substrate on cells,in this study,we electrospun trilayer anisotropic fibrous substrates and randomly oriented isotropic fibrous substrates(used as controls)from polycaprolactone ***,the random substrates had higher radial and lower circumferential tensile properties than the trilayer substrates;however,they had similar flexural *** valvular interstitial cells cultured on both substrates produced random and trilayer cell-cultured constructs,*** trilayer cell-cultured constructs had more anisotropic mechanical properties,17%higher cellular proliferation,14%more extracellular matrix(i.e.,collagen and glycosaminoglycan)production,and superior gene and protein expression,suggesting that more cells were in a growth state in the trilayer constructs than in the random ***,the random and radial layers of the trilayer constructs had more vimentin,collagen,transforming growth factor-beta 1(TgF-ß1),transforming growth factor-beta 3(TgF-ß3)gene expression than in the circumferential layer of the *** study verifies that the differences in structural,tensile,and anisotropic properties of the trilayer and random substrates influence the characteristics of the cells and ECM in the constructs.

关键词： Heart valve leaflet Trilayer Tissue engineering Fiber Electrospinning

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No country is an island in regulating food safety:How the WTO monitors Chinese food safety laws through the Trade Policy Review Mechanism(TPRM)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第11期14卷 2142-2156页

作者： Francis snyder Northwest A&F University School of Transnational Law Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School College of Europe

Established within the framework of the World Trade Organization （WTO）, the Trade Policy Review Mechanism （TPRM） reviews periodically the trade policies of all WTO Members. The review includes many aspects of food safety regulation. China＇s trade policy is reviewed every two years. This paper analyses in detail the reviews of China＇s trade policy in 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014. It focuses in particular on food safety laws and types of standards, alignment of domestic standards with international standards, the role of different domestic institutions, transparency and notification of food safety measures under the WTO agreements on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures （SPS） and on Technical Barriers to Trade （TBTAgreement）, import and export, and geographical indications （gIs）. It concludes that the WTO TPRM can contribute, within its mandate, to reform of Chinese food safety laws and improvement of food safety in China. it notes that China has already undertaken substantial reforms of its system for regulating food safety. It recommends that China should continue to participate actively in the TPRM, follow its own path with regard to alignment and learn selectively from other WTO Members.

关键词： food safety food standards public health consumer welfare China Chinese food safety laws World Trade Organization WTO law Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) SPS Agreement TBT Agreement

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Thermal conductivity of complex materials

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National Science Review 2019年第3期6卷 380-381页

作者： g.jeffr.y snyder Matthias T.Agne Ramya gurunathan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University

In the discussion and analysis of thermal properties (e.g. heat capacity, thermal conductivity) the Debye approximation is typically used to describe the collective behavior of lattice vibrations (phonons) in solid ma... 详细信息

关键词： Thermal conductivity of complex materials

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Machine Learning Chemical guidelines for Engineering Electronic Structures in Half-Heusler Thermoelectric Materials

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Research 2020年第1期2020卷 978-985页

作者： Maxwell TDylla Alexander Dunn Shashwat Anand Anubhav Jain g.jeffr.y snyder Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityIL 60208USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering UC BerkeleyCA 94720USA Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Energy Technologies AreaCA 94720USA

Half-Heusler materials are strong candidates for thermoelectric applications due to their high weighted mobilities and power factors,which is known to be correlated to valley degeneracy in the electronic band ***,there are over 50 known semiconducting half-Heusler phases,and it is not clear how the chemical composition affects the electronic *** all the n-type electronic structures have their conduction band minimum at either theΓ-or X-point,there is more diversity in the p-type electronic structures,and the valence band maximum can be at either theΓ-,L-,or ***,we use high throughput computation and machine learning to compare the valence bands of known half-Heusler compounds and discover new chemical guidelines for promoting the highly degenerate W-point to the valence band *** do this by constructing an“orbital phase diagram”to cluster the variety of electronic structures expressed by these phases into groups,based on the atomic orbitals that contribute most to their valence ***,with the aid of machine learning,we develop new chemical rules that predict the location of the valence band maximum in each of the *** rules can be used to engineer band structures with band convergence and high valley degeneracy.

关键词： structure valence bands

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A Convergent Understanding of Charged Defects

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Accounts of Materials Research 2022年第7期3卷 685-696页

作者： Shashwat Anand Michael y.Toriyama Chris Wolverton Sossina M.Haile g.jeffr.y snyder Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIllinois 60208United States Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCalifornia 94720United States

CONSPECTUS:Historically,defects in semiconductors and ionic conductors have been studied using very different *** the solid-state ionics community,nonstoichiometry and defect thermochemistry are often probed directly through *** dependency of defect concentrations on chemical conditions(typically oxygen pressure)are modeled using a physical chemistry framework and compactly represented by the well-known Brouwer diagrams.

关键词： defect chemistry ionic

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睾酮治疗性腺功能减退症男性患者对骨折风险影响的临床研究

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中国临床药理学杂志 2024年第5期40卷 731-731页

作者： snyder P J BAUER D C ELLENBERg S S 孟海峰

男性性腺功能减退症患者的睾酮治疗可以改善骨密度和骨质量,但需要足够大的样本和足够长的持续时间来确定睾酮对骨折发生率的影响。

关键词：骨折发生率性腺功能减退症骨质量骨折风险睾酮治疗骨密度持续时间男性患者

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Thermal studies of individual Si/ge heterojunctions--The influence of the alloy layer on the heterojunction

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Journal of Materiomics 2020年第2期6卷 248-255页

作者： Sien Wang Dongchao Xu Ramya gurunathan g.jeffr.y snyder Qing Hao Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of ArizonaTucsonAZ85721-0119USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA

Phonon transport across an interface is of fundamental importance to applications ranging from electronic and optical devices to thermoelectric *** phonon scattering by an interface can dramatically suppress the thermal transport,which can benefit thermoelectric applications but create problems for the thermal management of electronic/optical *** this aspect,existing molecular dynamics simulations on phonon transport across various interfaces are often based on estimates of atomic structures and are seldom compared with measurements on real *** this work,planar Si/ge heterojunctions formed by film-wafer bonding are measured for the interfacial thermal resistance (R_(K)) that is further compared with predictions from existing simulations and analytical *** twist angle between a 70-nm-thick Si film and a ge wafer is varied to check the influence of the crystal *** transmission electron microscopy studies are carried out to better understand the interfacial atomic *** is found that the alloyed interfacial layer with mixed Si and ge atoms dominates the measured thermal resistance(R_(K)).Some oxygen impurities may also help to increase RK due to the formation of glassy *** this,RK reduction should be focused on how to minimize the interdiffusion of Si and ge atoms during the formation of a Si/ge heterojunction.

关键词： Thermal boundary resistance Si/ge heterojunction Film-wafer bonding Phonon

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Empirical modeling of dopability in diamond-like semiconductors

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npj Computational Materials 2018年第1期4卷 69-76页

作者： Samuel A.Miller Maxwell Dylla Shashwat Anand Kiarash g.ordiz g.jeffr.y snyder Eric S.Toberer Northwestern University EvanstonIL 60208USA Colorado School of Mines GoldenCO 80401USA National Renewable Energy Laboratory GoldenCO 80401USA

Carrier concentration optimization has been an enduring challenge when developing newly discovered semiconductors for applications(e.g.,thermoelectrics,transparent conductors,photovoltaics).This barrier has been particularly pernicious in the realm of high-throughput property prediction,where the carrier concentration is often assumed to be a free parameter and the limits are not predicted due to the high computational *** this work,we explore the application of machine learning for high-throughput carrier concentration range *** the model within diamond-like semiconductors,the learning set was developed from experimental carrier concentration data on 127 compounds ranging from unary to *** data were analyzed using various statistical and machine learning *** predictions of carrier concentration ranges in diamond-like semiconductors are made within approximately one order of magnitude on average across both p-and n-type *** model fit to empirical data is analyzed to understand what drives trends in carrier concentration and compared with previous computational ***,dopability predictions from this model are combined with high-throughput quality factor predictions to identify promising thermoelectric materials.

关键词： diamond transparent semiconductors

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