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Summary of a Life in Observational Ultraviolet/Optical Astronomy

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 1-43页

作者： Donald g.York Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics The University of Chicago5801 South Ellis Ave.Chicago 60637ILUSA

I reminisce on my early life in Section 1;on my education in Sections 2 and 3;on the years at Princeton as a research astronomer in Section 4;on the years on the faculty at Chicago in Section 5;on research on Diffuse Interstellar Bands(DIBs) in Section 6;on construction of the 3.5 m telescope at Apache Point Observatory(APO)in Section 7;on work on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey(SDSS) in Section 8;on work in public education in Chicago in Section 9;and on my travels in Section 10. My main science research is of an observational nature,concerning galactic and intergalactic interstellar gas. Highlights for me included my work on the orbiting telescope Copernicus, including the discovery of interstellar deuterium;early observations of absorption associated with fivetimes ionized oxygen;and discoveries concerning the phases of gas in the local interstellar medium, based on previously unobservable interstellar UV spectral lines. With other instruments and collaborations, I extended interstellar UV studies to the intergalactic cool gas using quasi-stellar object QSO absorption lines redshifted to the optical part of the spectrum;provided a better definition of the emission and morphological character of the source of absorption lines in QSO spectra;and pursued the identification of the unidentified DIBs. For several of these topics, extensive collaborations with many scientists were essential over many years. The conclusions developed slowly, as I moved from being a graduate student at Chicago, to a research scientist position at Princeton and then to a faculty position at Chicago. At each stage of life, I was exposed to new technologies adaptable to my science and to subsequent projects. From high school days, I encountered several management opportunities which were formative. I have been extremely fortunate both in scientific mentors I had and in experimental opportunities I encountered.

关键词： Interstellar Medium(ISM) Nebulae (galaxies:)quasars:absorption lines ultraviolet:stars

Cardiovascular health awareness,risk perception,behavioural intention and INTERHEART risk stratification among middle-aged adults in Malaysia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第2期17卷 61-70页

作者： Siew-Keah Lee Ang-Lim Chua Clement Heng Yew Fong Ban Hao Brian Cong Wen Ling ng Jing Feng Kong Yik-Ling Chew Kai Bin Liew Yang Shao M.Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Tunku Abdul RahmanMalaysia Faculty of Medicine Universiti Teknologi MARAMalaysia Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences UCSI UniversityMalaysia Faculty of Pharmacy University of CyberjayaMalaysia The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University China

Objective:To investigate the interrelationship between cardiovascular health awareness,risk perception,behavioural intention,and INTERHEART risk stratification in a middle-aged adult population in ***:A cross-sectional survey with convenience sampling was conducted during November 2022 and January *** completed validated questionnaires assessing cardiovascular health awareness,risk perception of cardiovascular diseases,behavioural intention towards adopting healthy habits,and INTERHEART risk stratification score(IHRS)based on established risk factors.A total of 602 respondents were included in the final *** were analysed with independent t-test/one-way ANOVA or Mann-Whitney/Kruskal-Wallis to test the differences,Pearson correlation or linear regression test to analyze the association of independent and dependent ***:There was a significant positive correlation between medical knowledge related to cardiovascular disease(CVD)and knowledge related to CVD risk prevention,risk perception,behavioural intention and IHRS(Pgher IHRS tended to have lower knowledge related to CVD and CVD risk prevention,risk perception,and behavioural ***,laborers,active/former smokers,individuals with lower household income and educational levels,those involved in occupations not related to the healthcare sector,and those who did not receive the CVD health brochure or are unaware of health self-assessment tools are likely to have lower levels of knowledge,risk perception,and poorer behavioural intention regarding cardiovascular health(Png status,awareness about CVD poster,self-assessment tools were repeatedly significantly associated with knowledge related to CVD and CVD risk prevention,risk perception,behavioral intention and/or IHRS(Pgression).Conclusions:These findings underscore the importance of promoting car

关键词： Cardiovascular risk Knowledge Risk perception Behavioural intention INTERHEART Middle-aged Lifestyle Physical activity Psychosocial stress

From the dust:extracellular vesicles as regulators of development and neuroregeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 933-934页

作者： Leon g.Coleman Jr The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of MedicineDepartment of PharmacologyBowles Center for Alcohol StudiesChapel HillNCUSA

First impressions can have a lasting *** science,this can be especially problematic,because our lack of understanding often causes us to mislabel and thus ignore important biological *** this vein,extracellular vesicles(EVs)were once considered to be“cellular dust”.Similar to the previous concept of“junk DNA”to describe protein non-coding regions,EVs are far more than just cellular *** fact,EVs are emerging as key mediators of intracellular communication across nearly all biological *** includes peripheral immune responses(e.g.,arthropathies and sepsis),intra-organ communication(Seim et al.,2023),and a host of other physiological and pathological states(Figure 1A and B).

关键词： Figure extracellular

Polarity-controllable magnetic skyrmion filter

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第10期33卷 400-404页

作者： Xiao-Lin Ai Hui-Ting Li Xue-Feng Zhang Chang-Feng Li je-Ho Shim Xiao-Ping Ma Hong-guang Piao Hubei Engineering Research Center of Weak Magnetic-Field Detection College of ScienceChina Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China Department of Physics College of ScienceYanbian UniversityYanji 133002China

The skyrmion generator is one of the indispensable components for the future functional skyrmion devices,but the process of generating skyrmion cannot avoid mixing with other magnetic textures,such as skyrmionium and nested skyrmion *** mixed magnetic textures will inevitably lead to the blockage of skyrmion transport and even the distortion of data ***,the design of an efficient skyrmion filter is of great significance for the development of skyrmion-based spintronic *** this work,a skyrmion filter scheme is proposed,and the high-efficiency filtering function is demonstrated by micromagnetic *** results show that the filtering effect of the scheme depends on the structure geometry and the spin current density that drives the *** on this scheme,the polarity of the filtered skyrmion can be controlled by switching the magnetization state at the output end,and the“cloning”of the skyrmion can be realized by geometric optimization of the *** believe that in the near future,the skyrmion filter will become one of the important components of skyrmion-based spintronic devices in the future.

关键词： spintronics skyrmions skyrmion filter skyrmion polarity skyrmion clone

Endotoxin-induced alterations of adipose tissue function:a pathway to bovine metabolic stress

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1391-1407页

作者： Miguel Chirivi g.Andres Contreras Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA

During the periparturient period, dairy cows exhibit negative energy balance due to limited appetite and increased energy requirements for lactogenesis. The delicate equilibrium between energy availability and expenditure puts cows in a state of metabolic stress characterized by excessive lipolysis in white adipose tissues(AT), increased production of reactive oxygen species, and immune cell dysfunction. Metabolic stress, especially in AT, increases the risk for metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Around parturition, cows are also susceptible to endotoxemia. Bacterial-derived toxins cause endotoxemia by promoting inflammatory processes and immune cell infiltration in different organs and systems while impacting metabolic function by altering lipolysis, mitochondrial activity, and insulin sensitivity. In dairy cows, endotoxins enter the bloodstream after overcoming the defense mechanisms of the epithelial barriers, particularly during common periparturient conditions such as mastitis, metritis, and pneumonia, or after abrupt changes in the gut microbiome. In the bovine AT, endotoxins induce a pro-inflammatory response and stimulate lipolysis in AT, leading to the release of free fatty acids into the bloodstream. When excessive and protracted, endotoxin-induced lipolysis can impair adipocyte's insulin signaling pathways and lipid synthesis. Endotoxin exposure can also induce oxidative stress in AT through the production of reactive oxygen species by inflammatory cells and other cellular components. This review provides insights into endotoxins' impact on AT function, highlighting the gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying AT dysfunction, its connection with periparturient cows' disease risk, and the need to develop effective interventions to prevent and treat endotoxemia-related inflammatory conditions in dairy cattle.

关键词： Adipose tissue dysfunction Endotoxin Inflammation Insulin resistance

Interpreting siliciclastic sedimentation in the upper Paleozoic Mulargia-Escalaplano Basin(Sardinia, Italy):influence of tectonics on provenance

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第1期13卷 18-34页

作者： Luca g.Costamagna Sara Criniti Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e geologiche Citadella UniversitariaBlocco A09042 Monserrato CAItaly Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Ambiente Universita della Calabria87036 Arcavacata di Rende CSItaly

Late to post-Variscan molassic basins of Late Pennsylvanian-Permian age are exposed in Sardinia(Italy). Here, the compositional and stratigraphic evolution of the Mulargia-Escalaplano sedimentary basin(central Sardinia) has been investigated to highlight how the tectono-magmatic processes have influenced the sedimentation. Ruditic and arenitic samples were collected along well-characterized stratigraphic sections to provide a new insight into the impact of the tectono-magmatic processes on siliciclastic sedimentation. As a result, the conglomerates are mainly clast-supported, petromictic, and thus immature, with no defined maturity trend upwards. Nevertheless, pebble composition changes in times from Variscan basement pebble-rich to volcanic rock-rich, as a consequence of the basin widening and the dismantling and reworking of the coeval volcanic activity. The sandstone composition clearly changes from quartzolithic to feldspatholithic upwards, as a response to the same change of feeding and reworking of the volcanic rocks. Occasionally, interbedded quartzolithic arenites suggest exceptional floods carrying debris from the far borders of the basin. Also, the immature sandstone composition has been interpreted as being controlled by a continuous supply of fresh debris and to a rapid burial rate. In addition, the disappearance of metaradiolarite(lydite AA) Paleozoic grains in the sandstone mineral suite could represent a distinctive marker of a progressive unroofing of the Variscan chain and a clastic supply from deeper tectonic units.

关键词： Petrography Stratigraphy Provenance Molassic basins Sardinia

Empirical Wavelet Transform Based Method for Identification and Analysis of Sub-synchronous Oscillation Modes Using PMU Data

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第1期12卷 34-40页

作者： Joice g.Philip Jaesung Jung Ahmet Onen the Department of Energy Systems Research Ajou UniversitySuwonSouth Korea the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Abdullah Gul UniversityKayseri38080Turkey the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of EngineeringSultan Qaboos UniversityAl-KhoudMuscatOman

This paper proposes an empirical wavelet transform(EWT)based method for identification and analysis of sub-synchronous oscillation(SSO)modes in the power system using phasor measurement unit(PMU)*** phasors from PMUs are preprocessed to check for the presence of *** the presence is established,the signal is decomposed using EWT and the parameters of the mono-components are estimated through Yoshida *** superiority of the proposed method is tested using test signals with known parameters and simulated using actual SSO signals from the Hami Power grid in Northwest *** show the effectiveness of the proposed EWT-Yoshida method in detecting the SSO and estimating its parameters.

关键词： Empirical wavelet transform(EWT) sub-synchronous oscillation Prony-based method Yoshida algorithm variational mode decomposition phasor measurement unit(PMU)

First-principles calculation on the electronic structures, phonon dynamics, and electrical conductivities of Pb_(10)(PO_(4))_(6O) and Pb_(9)Cu(PO_(4))_(6O) compounds

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第6期173卷 218-224页

作者： L.Y.Hao E.g.Fu State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Department of Technical PhysicsSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Superconducting materials with high critical temperature have the potential to revolutionize many fields,including military,electronic communications,and power ***,scientists around the world have been tirelessly working with the ultimate goal of achieving high-temperature *** 2023,a preprint by Lee et *** South Korea claimed the discovery of ultra-high-temperature superconductivity with a critical temperature of up to 423 K in Cu-doped lead-apatite(LK-99)(arXiv:2307.12008,arXiv:2307.12037),which caused a worldwide sensation and ***,the electronic structures,phonon dynamics,and electrical conductivities of LK-99 and its parent compound lead-apatite have been calculated using first-principles *** results show that the lead-apatite compound and the LK-99 compound are insulator and half-metal *** flat band characteristic is consistent with previous *** electrical conductivity of the LK-99 compound shows two extreme points,and the electrical conductivity along the C-axis increases significantly after 400 *** phonon dispersion spectra of the compounds were investigated,demonstrating their dynamic instability.

关键词： Superconductivity LK-99 Lead-apatite First-principles calculation

Investigation of the transformation of organic matter of carbonate deposits of the Semiluksky-Mendymsky horizon under hydrothermal conditions

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Petroleum 2024年第2期10卷 216-223页

作者： S.M.Petrov A.I.Lakhova E.g.Moiseeva A.g.Safiulina Institute of Petroleum Chemistry and NanotechnologiesKazan National Research Technological UniversityKazan420015Russia Institute of geology and Oil and gas Technologies Kazan Federal UniversityKazan420008Russia

The paper presents the results of studies on the transformation of the organic matter of siliceous-clayey carbonate rocks of the Semiluksko-Mendymsky horizon of the Romashkino oil field in a hydrothermal fluid for an hour(with a water-to-rock ratio of 33)at 340℃and 380℃and pressu res of 17 and 20 *** a result of hydrothermal treatment,at 340℃and 17 MPa,based on nitrogen porosimetry and electron microscopy data,transformations of rock-forming minerals in the rock are *** lead to an increase in the volume and average diameter of mesopores in it and the formation of micropores,as well,which improve its filtration *** the same time,the amount of kerogen in the composition of the organic matter decreases and the yield of the petroleum hydrocarbon extract increases,in which,according to the SARA analysis,the content of asphaltenes increases and the content of resins,aromatic and saturated hydrocarbons *** the composition of aroatic hydrocarbons,the proportion of a lkyltri methyl benzenes and dibenzothiophenes increases,phenanthrene homologues appear,and in the composition of saturated hydrocarbons,the amount of iso-structure alkanes decreases relative to the content of linear *** the temperature and pressure of the hydrothermal fluid to 380℃and 20 MPa increases the degree of kerogen conversion from 12.4%to 23.6%.At the same time,changes occurring in the component composition of petroleum hydrocarbon extracts remains similar to the experiments carried out at 340℃and 17 MPa;the content of naphthalenes decreases,the content of dibenzothiophenes increases and C_(11)-C_(17),C_(19)-C_(22)alkyltrimethylbenzenes *** to IR spectroscopy,with increasing temperature and pressure of the hydrothermal fluid the intensity of the absorption bands of the aromatic ring,aliphatic fragments,and oxygen-containing groups increases in resins;the structural-group composition of asphaltenes changes little:aromaticity and the content of conde

关键词： Carbonate deposits Organic matter Hydrothermal fluid Mobile hydrocarbons