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Stomatal regulation: Role of H2S-induced persulfidation in ABA signaling

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Molecular Plant 2021年第6期14卷 858-860页

作者： Anna Siodmak Heribert hirt DARWIN21 Center for Desert AgricultureKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia Max F.Perutz Laboratories University of ViennaDr.Bohrgasse 91030 ViennaAustria

Hydrogen sulfide(H2S)is an important signaling molecule in *** is a small gasotransmitter with high permeativity through lipid membranes.H2S can convert the mercapto groups(Cys–SH)of the amino acid cysteine into hydropersulfide groups(–Cys–SSH).This process is called *** modifications such as persulfidation can play an important role in protein functionality,altering protein conformation and/or *** plants,H2S can be generated within guard cells by CYSTEINE-DESULFHYDRASES,such as DES1,by degradation of cysteines into H2S,ammonia,and pyruvate(Zhang et al.,2020).H2S was reported to take part in physiological processes,such as stress response,and in the regulation of the functions of phytohormones such as salicylic acid and abscisic acid(ABA)(Pandey and gautam,2020).Although the mechanism of how H2S affects ABA signaling pathways is not well understood,two recent studies by Chen et al.(2020)and Zhou et al.(2021)shed light on this topic,reporting how H2S-induced persulfidation regulates the stomatal ABA signaling pathway.

关键词： sulfide ammonia convert

Signaling Mechanisms in Pattern-Triggered Immunity （PTI）

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Molecular Plant 2015年第4期8卷 521-539页

作者： Jean Bigeard Jean Colcombet Heribert hirt Unite de Recherche en genomique Vegetale (URgV) UMR INRA/CNRS/Universite d'Evry Val d'Essonne/Saclay Plant Sciences 2 rue Gaston Cremieux 91057 Evry France Center for Desert Agriculture 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwa123955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

In nature, plants constantly have to face pathogen attacks. However, plant disease rarely occurs due to efficient immune systems possessed by the host plants. Pathogens are perceived by two different recognition systems that initiate the so-called pattern-triggered immunity （PTI） and effector-triggered immunity （ETI）, both of which are accompanied by a set of induced defenses that usually repel pathogen attacks. Here we discuss the complex network of signaling pathways occurring during PTI, focusing on the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases.

关键词： plant defenses plant immunity PTI signaling mechanisms MAPKs

A Major Role of the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 Pathway in ROS Signalling

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Molecular Plant 2009年第1期2卷 120-137页

作者： Andrea Pitzschke Armin Djamei Frederique Bitton Heribert hirt Department of Plant Molecular Biology Max F. Perutz Laboratories University of Vienna Dr.-Bohr-Gasse 9 1030 Vienna Austria Present address: Max-Planck-lnstitute for Terrestrial Microbiology Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 35043 Marburg Germany URgV Plant genomics Laboratory 2 Rue Gaston Cremieux 91057 Evry France

Over the last few years, it has become evident that reactive oxygen species （ROS） signalling plays an important role in various physiological responses, including pathogen defense and stomatal opening/closure. On the other hand, ROS overproduction is detrimental for proper plant growth and development, indicating that the regulation of an appropriate redox balance is essential for plants. ROS homeostasis in plants involves the mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） pathway consisting of the MAPK kinase kinase MEKK1 and the MAPK MPK4. Phenotypic and molecular analysis revealed that the MAPK kinases MKK1 and MKK2 are part of a cascade, regulating ROS and salicylic acid （SA） accumulation. gene expression analysis shows that of 32 transcription factors reported to be highly responsive to multiple ROS-inducing conditions, 20 are regulated by the MEKK1, predominantly via the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 pathway. However, MEKK1 also functions on other as yet unknown pathways and part of the MEKK1-dependent MPK4 responses are regulated independently of MKK1 and MKK2. Overall, this analysis emphasizes the central role of this MAPK cascade in oxidative stress signalling, but also indicates the high level of complexity revealed by this signalling network.

关键词： Mitogen-activated protein kinases MEKK1 MKK1 MKK2 MPK4 reactive oxygen species redox homeostasis stress signalling differential gene expression.

Rhizosphere Microbes as Essential Partners for Plant Stress Tolerance

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Molecular Plant 2013年第2期6卷 242-245页

作者： Axel de Zelicourt Mohamed AI-Yousif Heribert hirt UgRV Plant genomics INRA-CNRS-Univ. of Evry 2 rue Gaston Cremieux F-91057 Evry France King Saud University PO Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia

Ever since plants colonized land, they evolved mechanisms to respond to changing environmental conditions and settle in extreme habitats. Recent studies show that several plant species require microbial associations for stress tolerance and survival. Although many plants lack the adaptive capability to adapt to stress conditions, the ability of a variety of plants to adapt to stress conditions often appears to depend on their association with certain microbes, raising a number of ques-tions： What distinguishes the microbes and plants that can adapt to extreme environmental conditions？

关键词： gROWTH FUNgUS RESISTANCE

Small fishes crossed a large mountain range:Quaternary stream capture events and freshwater fishes on both sides of the Taebaek Mountains

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Integrative Zoology 2017年第4期12卷 292-302页

作者： Daemin KIM M.Vincent hirt Yong-Jin WON Andrew M.SIMONS Division of EcoScience Ewha Womans UniversitySeoulKorea Department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation BiologySaint PaulMinnesotaUSA Bell Museum of Natural History University of Minnesota100 Ecology BuildingSaint PaulMinnesotaUSA

The Taebaek Mountains in Korea serve as the most apparent biogeographic barrier for Korean freshwater fishes,resulting in 2 distinct ichthyofaunal assemblages on the eastern(East/Japan Sea slope)and western(Yellow Sea and Korea Strait slopes)sides of the mountain *** nearly 100 species of native primary freshwater fishes in Korea,only 18 species occur naturally on both sides of the mountain ***,there are 5 rheophilic species(Phoxinus phoxinus,Coreoleuciscus splendidus,Ladislavia taczanowskii,Iksookimia koreensis and Koreocobitis rotundicaudata)found on both sides of the Taebaek Mountains that are geographically restricted to the Osip River(and several neighboring rivers,for *** and ***)on the eastern side of the mountain *** Osip River and its neighboring rivers also shared a rheophilic freshwater fish,Liobagrus mediadiposalis,with the Nakdong River on the western side of the mountain *** assessed historical biogeographic hypotheses on the presence of these rheophilic fishes,utilizing DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome b *** of our divergence time estimation indicate that ichthyofaunal transfers into the Osip River(and several neighboring rivers in East Sea slope)have occurred from the Han(Yellow Sea slope)and Nakdong(Korea Strait slope)Rivers since the Late *** inferred divergence times for the ichthyofaunal transfer across the Taebaek Mountains were consistent with the timing of hypothesized multiple reactivations of the Osip River Fault(Late Pleistocene),suggesting that the Osip River Fault reactivations may have caused stream capture events,followed by ichthyofaunal transfer,not only between the Osip and Nakdong Rivers,but also between the Osip and Han Rivers.

关键词： biogeographic barrier comparative phylogeography divergence time Korean fishes Osipcheon fault

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Salmonella enterica Flagellin Is Recognized via FLS2 and Activates PAMP-Triggered Immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana

1988年

作者： g.A.hirt S.B.Block 叶日武译

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Molecular Plant 2014年第4期7卷 657-674页

作者： Ana Victoria garcia Amelie Charrier Adam Schikora Jean Bigeard Stephanie Pateyron Marie-Ludivine de Tauzia-Moreau Alexandre Evrard Axel Mithofer Marie Laure Martin-Magniette Isabelle Virlogeux-Payant Heribert hirt Unite de Recherche en genomique Vegetale (URgV) UMR INRA/CNRS/Universite d'Evry Val d'Essonne 91057 Evry France Institute for Plant Pathology and Applied Zoology Research Centre for BioSystems Land Use and Nutrition JL University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 35392 Giessen Germany Transcriptomic Platform Unite de Recherche en Genomique Vegetale (URGV) 91057 Evry France Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans-Knoll-Str. 8 07745 Jena Germany INRA UMR 518 MIA 75005 Paris France AgroParisTech UMR 518 MIA 75005 Paris France INRA UMR 1282 infectiologie et Sante Publique 37380 Nouzilly France

Infections with Salmonella enterica belong to the most prominent causes of food poisoning and infected fruits and vegetables represent important vectors for salmonellosis. Recent evidence indicates that plants recognize S. enterica and raise defense responses. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms controlling the interaction of S. enterica with plants are still largely unclear. Here, we show that flagellin from S. enterica represents a prominent pathogenassociated molecular pattern （PAMP） in Arabidopsis thaliana, which induces PAMP-triggered immunity （PTI） via the recognition of the fig22 domain by the receptor kinase FLS2. The Arabidopsis fls2 mutant shows reduced though not abolished PTI activation, indicating that plants rely also on recognition of other S. enterica PAMPs. Interestingly, the S. enterica type III secretion system （T3SS） mutant prgH- induced stronger defense gene expression than wild-type bacteria in Arabidopsis, suggesting that T3SS effectors are involved in defense suppression. Furthermore, we observe that S. enterica strains show variation in the fig22 epitope, which results in proteins with reduced PTI-inducing activity. Altogether, these results show that S. enterica activates PTI in Arabidopsis and suggest that, in order to accomplish plant colonization, S. enterica evolved strategies to avoid or suppress PTI.

关键词： Salmonella enterica Arabidopsis thaliana flagellin FLS2 immunity.

Fundamentals of Investment Management: : / 6th ed.

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Fundamentals of Investment Management: : /

The behavior of a lithospheric magnetization and magnetic field model

1999年

作者： hirt geoffrey A.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2023年第1期7卷 66-73页

作者： PengFei Liu Yi Jiang Qing Yan Ann Mhirt State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacaoChina CNSA Macao Center for Space Exploration and Science MacaoChina Institute of geophysics ETH ZürichSonneggstrasse 5CH-8095 ZürichSwitzerland

The Earth’s“lithosphere”is its outer shell,made up of the Earth’s crust and outermost *** part of the Earth’s magnetic field that originates in the lithosphere consists of a superposition of magnetic anomalies with a broad spectrum of sizes and intensities,which arise from geological and tectonic *** lithospheric magnetic field is known from surface observations,and on larger scales from above-surface *** increase in recent decades of satellites dedicated to measuring the Earth’s magnetic field has improved significantly our models of the Earth’s magnetic *** on these increasing observations,a number of comprehensive field models have been constructed,some of which focus solely on the lithosphere,such as the MF model *** present a map of lithospheric magnetic anomalies at 400 km altitude,based on a vertically integrated magnetization *** height was chosen because it is the expected orbital altitude of the Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1)*** model presented herein indicates that the amplitude of the lithospheric anomalies at 400 km altitude is between-14.8 n T and 18.2 n *** information is useful because it provides a reference for the lithospheric source of the Earth’s magnetic field that contributes to the magnetic measurements made from satellite *** low inclination orbit of the MSS-1 mission will provide information that is sensitive to lateral variation within the lithosphere;these variations arise from plate tectonic features with longitudinal *** conclusion,the new MSS-1mission will provide valuable information in detecting compositional variations in the lithosphere,and in delineating large-scale geological structures.

关键词： vertically integrated magnetization lithospheric magnetic field field model MSS-1