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Discrete Boltzmann model with split collision for nonequilibrium reactive flows

Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第8期76卷 164-186页

作者： Chuandong Lin Kai h Luo huilin Lai Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Energy and Power EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore10 Kent Ridge Crescent119260Singapore Department of Mechanical Engineering University College LondonTorrington PlaceLondon WC1E 7JEUnited Kingdom School of Mathematics and Statistics Key Laboratory of Analytical Mathematics and Applications(Ministry of Education)Fujian Key Laboratory of Analytical Mathematics and Applications(FJKLAMA)Center for Applied Mathematics of Fujian Province(FJNU)Fujian Normal University350117 FuzhouChina

A multi-relaxation-time discrete Boltzmann model(DBM) with split collision is proposed for both subsonic and supersonic compressible reacting flows, where chemical reactions take place among various components. The physical model is based on a unified set of discrete Boltzmann equations that describes the evolution of each chemical species with adjustable acceleration, specific heat ratio, and Prandtl number. On the right-hand side of discrete Boltzmann equations, the collision,force, and reaction terms denote the change rates of distribution functions due to self-and crosscollisions, external forces, and chemical reactions, respectively. The source terms can be calculated in three ways, among which the matrix inversion method possesses the highest physical accuracy and computational efficiency. Through Chapman-Enskog analysis, it is proved that the DBM is consistent with the reactive Navier-Stokes equations, Fick's law and the Stefan-Maxwell diffusion equation in the hydrodynamic limit. Compared with the one-step-relaxation model, the split collision model offers a detailed and precise description of hydrodynamic, thermodynamic, and chemical nonequilibrium effects. Finally, the model is validated by six benchmarks, including multicomponent diffusion, mixture in the force field, Kelvin-helmholtz instability, flame at constant pressure, opposing chemical reaction, and steady detonation.

关键词： discrete Boltzmann method reactive flow detonation nonequilibrium effect

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hepatitis B virus genotypes in precision medicine of hepatitis Brelated hepatocellular carcinoma:Where we are now

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World Journal of gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1097-1103页

作者： Caecilia h C Sukowati Sri Jayanti Turyadi Turyadi David h Muljono Claudio Tiribelli Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology Research Organization for HealthNational Research and Innovation Agency of IndonesiaJakarta 10340Indonesia Liver Cancer Unit Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUSTrieste 34149Italy Faculty of Medicine Hasanuddin UniversityMakassar 90245South SulawesiIndonesia Faculty of Medicine and health University of SydneySydney 2050Australia

hepatitis B virus(hBV)infection is a major player in chronic hepatitis B that may lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(hCC).hBV genetics are diverse where it is classified into at least 9 genotypes(A to I)and 1 putative genotype(J),each with specific geographical distribution and possible different clinical outcomes in the *** diversity may be associated with the precision medicine for hBV-related hCC and the success of therapeutical approaches against hCC,related to different pathogenicity of the virus and host *** Editorial discusses recent updates on whether the classification of hBV genetic diversity is still valid in terms of viral oncogenicity to the hCC and its precision medicine,in addition to the recent advances in cellular and molecular biology technologies.

关键词： hepatitis B virus hepatocellular carcinoma genotypes Pathogenesis Precision medicine

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Fish-on-Chips:unveiling neural processing of chemicals in small animals through precise fluidic control

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2351-2353页

作者： Samuel K.h.Sy ho Ko Division of Neurology Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Li Ka Shing Institute of health Sciences Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of EngineeringThe University of Hong KongPok Fu LamHong Kong IslandHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Center Hong Kong Science ParkPak Shek KokNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Margaret K.L.Cheung Research Center for Management of Parkinsonism Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Lau Tat-chuen Research Center of Brain Degenerative Diseases in Chinese Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Precise chemical cue presentation alongside advanced brainwide imaging techniques is important to the study of chemosensory processing in ***,the dynamic nature of chemical-carrying media,such as water or air,poses a significant challenge for delivering highly-controlled chemical flow to an animal ***,contact-based cue manipulation and delivery easily shift the position of the animal subject,which is often undesirable for high-quality brain ***,more advanced interfacing tools that align with the diverse range of body part sizes of an animal,ranging from micrometer-scale neurons to meter-long limbs,are much *** is particularly crucial when dealing with dimensions that are beyond the reach of conventional experimental tools.

关键词： dealing precise sizes

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进一步改善城市网-厂-水体污水系统升级改造和运行效率的四点看法

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给水排水 2024年第4期50卷 137-144页

作者：曹业始 KROISS h VAN LOOSDREChT M DAIggER g T 中持新概念环境发展宜兴有限公司宜兴214213 维也纳工业大学水质和资源管理研究所奥地利维也纳1040 代尔夫特理工大学生物技术系荷兰代尔夫特2629HZ 密歇根大学土木和环境工程系美国密歇根州48109

2022年,《深入打好城市黑臭水体治理攻坚战实施方案》发布,要求努力解决河流雨后黑臭和雨季河流断面水质下降问题,力争到2025年,进水BOD浓度高于100毫克/升的城市生活污水处理厂规模占比达90%以上,城市生活污水集中收集率达到70%以上。... 详细信息

2022年,《深入打好城市黑臭水体治理攻坚战实施方案》发布,要求努力解决河流雨后黑臭和雨季河流断面水质下降问题,力争到2025年,进水BOD浓度高于100毫克/升的城市生活污水处理厂规模占比达90%以上,城市生活污水集中收集率达到70%以上。水行业正面临着防止雨后河流返黑和改善雨季河流水质等新任务。因此,结合近年来成绩、实践和欧美的经验教训,提出和讨论了与进一步改善网-厂-水体城市污水系统升级改造及运行效率相关的四个问题:分流制管网有没有外(雨)水入侵和溢流、污水处理厂的进水浓度应多高、为什么部分污水处理厂需局部扩容、为什么污水管道中流速低于自净流速,并在此基础上,对相关工作提出了建议。

关键词：城市污水系统污水管网外水入侵雨水溢流污水浓度污水处理厂扩容水环境容量

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Resident immune responses to spinal cord injury:role of astrocytes and microglia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1678-1685页

作者： Sydney Brockie Cindy Zhou Michael g.Fehlings Division of genetics and Development Krembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada Institute of Medical Science University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Spinal cord injury can be traumatic or non-traumatic in origin,with the latter rising in incidence and prevalence with the aging demographics of our *** r,as the global population ages,individuals with co-existent degenerative spinal pathology comprise a growing number of traumatic spinal cord injury cases,especially involving the cervical spinal *** makes recovery and treatment approaches particula rly challenging as age and comorbidities may limit regenerative *** these reasons,it is critical to better understand the complex milieu of spinal cord injury lesion pathobiology and the ensuing inflammatory *** review discusses microglia-specific purinergic and cytokine signaling pathways,as well as microglial modulation of synaptic stability and plasticity after ***,we evaluate the role of astrocytes in neurotransmission and calcium signaling,as well as their border-forming response to neural *** the inflammatory and reparative roles of these cells have eluded our complete understanding and remain key therapeutic targets due to their extensive structural and functional roles in the nervous *** advances have shed light on the roles of glia in neurotransmission and reparative injury responses that will change how interventions are *** key processes and existing knowledge gaps will allow future research to effectively target these cells and harness their regenerative potential.

关键词： astrocytes glial signaling microglia spinal cord injury synaptic transmission

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Function and dysfunction of gEMIN5:understanding a novel neurodevelopmental disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2377-2386页

作者： Charles h.Nelson Udai B.Pandey Department of Pediatrics Division of Child NeurologyChildren’s Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA Children’s Neuroscience Institute Children’s Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA

The recent identification of a neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebellar atrophy and motor dysfunction(NEDCAM)has resulted in an increased interest in gEMIN5,a multifunction RNA-binding *** the largest member of the survival motor neuron complex,gEMIN5 plays a key role in the biogenesis of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins while also exhibiting translational regulatory functions as an independent *** many questions remain regarding both the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of this new disorder,considerable progress has been made in the brief time since its *** this review,we examine gEMIN5 within the context of NEDCAM,focusing on the structure,function,and expression of the protein specifically in regard to the disorder ***,we explore the current animal models of NEDCAM,as well as potential molecular pathways for treatment and future directions of *** review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in our understanding of this unique member of the survival motor neuron complex.

关键词： cerebellar atrophy gEMIN5 neurodevelopmental disorder neurological disease SMN complex

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Spontaneous Recovery in Directed Dynamical Networks

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 208-214页

作者： Xueming Liu Xian Yan h.Eugene Stanley School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation&The MOE Engineering Research Center of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems&the Key Laboratory of Image Processing Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Center for Polymer Studies Department of PhysicsBoston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA

Complex networked systems,which range from biological systems in the natural world to infrastructure systems in the human-made world,can exhibit spontaneous recovery after a failure;for example,a brain may spontaneously return to normal after a seizure,and traffic flow can become smooth again after a *** studies on the spontaneous recovery of dynamical networks have been limited to undirected ***,most real-world networks are *** fill this gap,we build a model in which nodes may alternately fail and recover,and we develop a theoretical tool to analyze the recovery properties of directed dynamical *** find that the tool can accurately predict the final fraction of active nodes,and the prediction accuracy decreases as the fraction of bidirectional links in the network increases,which emphasizes the importance of directionality in network *** to different initial states,directed dynamical networks may show alternative stable states under the same control parameter,exhibiting hysteresis *** addition,for networks with finite sizes,the fraction of active nodes may jump back and forth between high and low states,mimicking repetitive failure-recovery *** findings could help clarify the system recovery mechanism and enable better design of networked systems with high resilience.

关键词： Network resilience Directed dynamical networks Spontaneous recovery

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Deformable microlaser force sensing

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1196-1209页

作者： Eleni Dalaka Joseph Shill Jonathan h.h.Booth Anna Popczyk Stefan R.Pulver Malte C.gather Marcel Schubert Centre of Biophotonics SUPASchool of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsUK humboldt Centre for Nano-and Biophotonics Department of ChemistryUniversity of CologneKölnGermany School of Psychology and Neuroscience University of St AndrewsSt Mary’s QuadSouth StreetSt AndrewsUK Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia BarcelonaSpain

Mechanical forces are key regulators of cellular behavior and function,affecting many fundamental biological processes such as cell migration,embryogenesis,immunological responses,and pathological *** force sensors and imaging techniques have been developed to quantify these otherwise invisible forces in single cells and in ***,current techniques rely heavily on high-resolution microscopy and do not allow interrogation of optically dense tissue,reducing their application to 2D cell cultures and highly transparent biological ***,we introduce DEFORM,deformable microlaser force sensing,a spectroscopic technique that detects sub-nanonewton forces with unprecedented spatio-temporal *** is based on the spectral analysis of laser emission from dye-doped oil microdroplets and uses the force-induced lifting of laser mode degeneracy in these droplets to detect nanometer *** validation by atomic force microscopy and development of a model that links changes in laser spectrum to applied force,DEFORM is used to measure forces in 3D and at depths of hundreds of microns within tumor spheroids and late-stage Drosophila *** furthermore show continuous force sensing with single-cell spatial and millisecond temporal resolution,thus paving the way for non-invasive studies of biomechanical forces in advanced stages of embryogenesis,tissue remodeling,and tumor invasion.

关键词： invasion otherwise hundreds

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A hybrid Signal Processing Method Combining Mathematical Morphology and Walsh Theory for Power Quality Disturbance Detection and Classification

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 584-592页

作者： Zhi Ding Tianyao Ji Mengshi Li Q.h.Wu School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of Technology(SCUT)Guangzhou 510641China

In this paper, a novel signal processing method combining mathematical morphology (MM) and Walsh theory is proposed, which uses Walsh functions to control the structuring element (SE) and MM operators. Based on the Walsh-MM method, a scheme for power quality disturbances detection and classification is developed, which involves three steps: denoising, feature extraction and morphological clustering. First, various evolution rules of Walsh function are used to generate groups of SEs for the multiscale Walsh-ordered morphological operation, so the original signal can be denoised. Next, the fundamental wave of the denoised signal is suppressed by hadamard matrix;thus, disturbances can be extracted. Finally, the Walsh power spectrum of the waveform extracted in the previous step is calculated, and the parameters of which are taken by morphological clustering to classify the disturbances. Simulation results reveal the proposed scheme can effectively detect and classify disturbances, and the Walsh-MM method is less affected by noise and only involves simple calculation, which has a potential to be implemented in hardware and more suitable for real-time application.

关键词： hadamard matrix mathematical morphology morphological clustering power quality disturbance Walsh theory

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Effect of cold-working on corrosion induced damage in lug joints

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第6期36卷 175-182页

作者： Ramanath M.N Chikmath L. Murthy h. Department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology-MadrasChennai 600036India Department of Aeronautical Engineering KLS Gogte Institute of TechnologyBelagavi 590008India

Lug joints are preferred joineries for transferring heavy loads to parent components in aerospace *** experience corrosion due to environmental conditions,improper surface finishes and rubbing displacement between the pin and *** causes damage of different sizes and shapes near the *** degradation due to corrosion-induced damage is modelled as a through-pit at one of the identified critical locations through stress *** effect of this pit on fatigue crack initiation life is ***-hole is pre-stressed by cold-working and the benefits of inducing plastic wake on the intended performance of the lug joint during the damages due to corrosion are brought out and compared with non-cold-worked *** analysis is performed on this lug joint with *** results obtained highlight the benefits of cold-working and the methodology can be extended to damage growth and analyse the effect of surface treatments for better structural integrity of components of aerospace vehicles.

关键词： Lug joint Corrosion Crack initiation Cold-working Structural integrity

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