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Radioisotope production using lasers:From basic science to applications

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第3期9卷 31-44页

作者： M.R.D.Rodrigues A.Bonasera M.Scisciò J.A.Pérez-Hernández M.Ehret F.Filippi P.L.Andreoli M.Huault H.Larreur D.Singappuli D.Molloy D.Raffestin M.Alonzo g.g.Rapisarda D.Lattuada g.L.guardo C.Verona Fe.Consoli g.Petringa A.McNamee M.La Cognata S.Palmerini T.Carriere M.Cipriani g.Di giorgio g.Cristofari R.De Angelis g.A.P.Cirrone D.Margarone L.giuffrida D.Batani P.Nicolai K.Batani R.Lera L.Volpe D.giulietti S.Agarwal M.Krupka S.Singh Fa.Consoli Cyclotron Institute Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77840USA Laboratori Nazionali del Sud Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(LNS-INFN)CataniaItaly ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety and Security Department-CFrascatiItaly Centro de Láseres Pulsados(clpu) VillamayorSpain Universidad de Salamanca SalamancaSpain Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications(CELIA) Universitéde BordeauxCNRSCEATalenceFrance HB11 Energy Holdings Pty FreshwaterNew South WalesAustralia School of Mathematics and Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia“E.Majorana ”Università di CataniaCataniaItaly Facoltàdi Ingegneria e Architettura Universitàdegli Studi di Enna“Kore”EnnaItaly Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale Universitàdi Roma“Tor Vergata”RomaItaly Dipartimento di Fisica e geologia Universitàdegli Studi di PerugiaPerugiaItaly Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di PerugiaPerugiaItaly ELI Beamlines Facility the Extreme Light Infrastructure ERICDolni BrezanyCzech Republic ETSIA Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadridSpain Dipartimento Fisica “E.Fermi”Universitàdi Pisa and INFNPisaItaly FZU–Institute of Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences PragueCzech Republic Institute of Plasma Physics of Czech Academy of Sciences PragueCzech Republic

The discovery of chirped pulse amplification has led to great improvements in laser technology,enabling energetic laser beams to be compressed to pulse durations of tens of femtoseconds and focused to a few *** with energies of tens of MeV can be accelerated using,for instance,target normal sheath acceleration and focused on secondary *** such conditions,nuclear reactions can occur,with the production of radioisotopes suitable for medical *** use of high-repetition lasers to produce such isotopes is competitive with conventional methods mostly based on *** this paper,we study the production of^(67)Cu,^(63)Zn,^(18)F,and^(11)C,which are currently used in positron emission tomography and other *** the same time,we study the reactions^(10)B(p,α)^(7)Be and^(70)Zn(p,4n)^(67)ga to put further constraints on the proton distributions at different angles,as well as the reaction^(11)B(p,α)^(8)Be relevant for energy *** experiment was performed at the 1 PW laser facility at VegaⅢin Salamanca,*** distributions of radioisotopes in the forward(with respect to the laser direction)and backward directions were measured using a high purity germanium *** results are in reasonable agreement with numerical estimates obtained following the approach of Kimura and Bonasera[*** ***.,Sect.A 637,164–170(2011)].

关键词： purity estimates backward

Analysis of mid-spatial frequency wavefront distortions from a liquid-cooled flash-lamp pumped Nd:phosphate laser amplifier

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 24-29页

作者： Pierre-Marie Dalbies Sandy Cavaro Edouard Bordenave Nathalie Blanchot Julien g.Moreau Jérôme Neauport CEA CESTA Le BarpFrance

Mid-spatial frequency wavefront deformation can be deleterious for the operation of high-energy laser systems. When fluid cooled high-repetition-rate amplifiers are used, the coolant flow is likely to induce such detrimental mid-spatial frequency wavefront deformations. Here, we describe the design and performance of a 90 mm × 90 mm aperture, liquid-cooled Nd:phosphate split-slab laser amplifier pumped by flash-lamps. The performance of the system is evaluated in terms of wavefront aberration and gain at repetition rates down to 1 shot per minute. The results show that this single cooled split-slab system exhibits low wavefront distortions in the medium to large period range, compatible with a focus on target, and despite the use of liquid coolant traversed by both pump and amplified wavelengths. This makes it a potential candidate for applications in large high-energy laser facilities.

关键词： flash-lamp pumping high-power laser laser cooling neodymium glass wavefront error

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, degree of lower urinary tract symptoms as predictors of erectile dysfunction in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 280-285页

作者： gede W.K.Duarsa Yeremia g.Kusumah Ronald Sugianto Pande M.W.Tirtayasa Tjokorda g.B.Mahadewa Department of Urology Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaProf.Dr.I.G.N.G Ngoerah General HospitalBaliIndonesia Department of general Surgery Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaProf.Dr.I.G.N.G Ngoerah General HospitalBaliIndonesia Medical Doctor Study Program Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaBaliIndonesia Department of Urology Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaUniversitas Udayana Teaching HospitalBaliIndonesia Department of Neurosurgery Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaProf.Dr.I.G.N.G Ngoerah General HospitalBaliIndonesia

Objective: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a condition of insufficient penile erection, consistently or recurrently, for sexual activity. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) induces transforming growth factor-beta (TgF-β), which causes the transition of epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells that affect ED. This study aimed to evaluate the roles of TNF-α, TgF-β, degree of lower urinary tract symptoms, and prostatic volume for the presence of ED in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) ***: Our study performed an analytic observational retrospective cohort study using secondary data from four hospitals in Bali, Indonesia, including medical records and other administrative data. The sample was BPH patients with several history ***: Our sample was 83 respondents, ranging from 50 years to 80 years, 61 respondents with ED and 22 with non-ED. The International Prostate Symptom Score showed a significant result, which indicates that ED is more common in patients with higher International Prostate Symptom Score (p=0.002). Moreover, the TNF-α of ≥43.9 pg/mg and TgF-β of ≥175.8 pg/mL were significantly associated with the presence of ED in BPH patients (pgnificant with ED (p=0.947).Conclusion: TNF-α, TgF-β, and lower urinary tract symptoms severity can predict the occurrence of ED in BPH, while prostatic volume was not significant.

关键词： Prostate enlargement Biomarker Erectiledysfunction Riskfactor

Data-driven Distributionally Adjustable Robust Chance-constrained Dg Capacity Assessment

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第1期12卷 115-127页

作者： Masoume Mahmoodi Seyyed Mahdi Noori Rahim Abadi Ahmad Attarha Paul scott Lachlan Blackhall the College of Engineering and Computer Science The Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia

Moving away from fossil fuels towards renewable sources requires system operators to determine the capacity of distribution systems to safely accommodate green and distributed generation(Dg).However,the Dg capacity of a distribution system is often underestimated due to either overly conservative electrical demand and Dg output uncertainty modelling or neglecting the recourse capability of the available *** improve the accuracy of Dg capacity assessment,this paper proposes a distributionally adjustable robust chance-constrained approach that utilises uncertainty information to reduce the conservativeness of conventional robust *** proposed approach also enables fast-acting devices such as inverters to adjust to the real-time realisation of uncertainty using the adjustable robust counterpart *** achieve a tractable formulation,we first define uncertain chance constraints through distributionally robust conditional value-at-risk(CVaR),which is then reformulated into convex quadratic *** subsequently solve the resulting large-scale,yet convex,model in a distributed fashion using the alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM).Through numerical simulations,we demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the adjustable robust and conventional distributionally robust approaches by up to 15%and 40%,respectively,in terms of total installed Dg capacity.

关键词： Distributed generation(Dg)capacity assessment distributionally robust optimisation chance-constrained optimisation distribution system

Endoscopic treatment of biliopancreatic pathology in patients with Whipple's pancreaticoduodenectomy surgical variants: Lessons learned from single-balloon enteroscopy-assisted ERCP

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第5期23卷 509-514页

作者： Rodrigo garcés-Durán Laurent Monino Pierre H Deprez Hubert Piessevaux Tom g Moreels Department of gastroenterology and Hepatology Universitécatholique de LouvainCliniques Universitaires Saint-LucAvenue Hippocrates 101200 BrusselsBelgium

Background: Endoscopic treatment of biliopancreatic pathology is challenging due to surgically altered anatomy after Whipple's pancreaticoduodenectomy. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of single-balloon enteroscopy-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(SBE-ERCP) to treat biliopancreatic pathology in patients with Whipple's pancreaticoduodenectomy surgical variants. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 106 SBE-ERCP procedures in 46 patients with Whipple's variants. Technical and clinical success rates and adverse events were evaluated. Results: Biliary SBE-ERCP was performed in 34 patients and pancreatic SBE-ERCP in 17, including 5 with both indications. From a total of 106 SBE-ERCP procedures, 76 were biliary indication with technical success rate of 68/76(90%) procedures and clinical success rate of 30/34(88%) patients. Mild adverse event rate was 8/76(11%), without serious adverse events. From a total of 106 SBE-ERCP procedures, 30 were pancreatic indication with technical success rate of 24/30(80%) procedures( P = 0.194 vs. biliary SBEERCP) and clinical success rate of 11/17(65%) patients( P = 0.016 vs. biliary SBE-ERCP). Mild adverse event rate was 6/30(20%)( P = 0.194 vs. biliary SBE-ERCP), without serious adverse events. After SBE-ERCP failure, endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage, percutaneous drainage and redo surgery were alternative therapeutic options. Conclusions: Biliopancreatic pathology after Whipple's pancreaticoduodenectomy variants can be treated using SBE-ERCP without serious adverse events. Technical and clinical success rates are high for biliary indications, whereas clinical success rate of pancreatic indications is significantly lower. SBE-ERCP can be considered as first-line treatment option in this patient group with surgically altered anatomy.

关键词： Enteroscopy Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Pancreaticoduodenectomy Surgically altered anatomy Whipple’s procedure

Rodent management in Aotearoa New Zealand: approaches and challenges to landscape-scale control

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 8-26页

作者： John g.INNES grant NORBURY Araceli SAMANIEgO Susan WALKER Deborah J.WILSON Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research HamiltonNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research AlexandraNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research AucklandNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research DunedinNew Zealand

Aotearoa—New Zealand has only four rodent species,all *** order of arrival,they are Pacific rat Rattus exulans,brown rat ***,house mouse Mus musculus,and black rat *** management in New Zealand aims mainly to conserve indigenous biodiversity rather than to protect crops or manage diseases,as is usual *** describe four major“regimes”and one major vision for rodent control in New Zealand to meet ecological restoration *** challenges for island eradications are for large islands that are remote or populated by *** 1080 is the only large-scale(tens of thousands of hectares)option for black rat control,but its application requires adjustment to counter subsequent rapid black rat ***“ecosanctuaries”(mean 720 ha)use ground-based traps and poisons to target mainly black rats and face constant *** with mammal-resistant fences(up to 3500 ha)limit reinvasion and target more pest species and have enabled the return of previously extirpated taxa to the main *** Free 2050 aims to eradicate the rat species(but not mice)plus some other introduced mammals from New Zealand by *** vision is not attainable with current tools,but research and experimental management is exploring techniques and *** large scale(to 100000 ha)at which black rats are now targeted for control to extremely low abundance seems to be unique to New Zealand.

关键词： black rat brown rat eradication house mouse rodent control

Combination treatment of inflammatory bowel disease:Present status and future perspectives

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2024年第15期30卷 2068-2080页

作者： John K Triantafillidis Constantinos g Zografos Manousos M Konstadoulakis Apostolos E Papalois Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit "Metropolitan General"HospitalHolargos 15562AtticaGreece Hellenic Society for gastrointestinal Oncology 354 Iera OdosChaidari 12461AtticaGreece The 2^(nd)Department of Surgery University of AthensSchool of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528Greece Unit of Surgical Research and Training The 2^(nd)Department of SurgeryUniversity of AthensSchool of MedicineAretaieion HospitalAthens 11528Greece

The treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),especially those with severe or refractory disease,represents an important challenge for the clinical *** seems to be no exaggeration to say that in these patients,not only the scientific background of the gastroenterologist is tested,but also the abundance of“gifts”that he should possess(insight,intuition,determ-ination,ability to take initiative,etc.)for the successful outcome of the *** daily clinical practice,depending on the severity of the attack,IBD is treated with one or a combination of two or more pharmaceutical *** combin-ations include not only the first-line drugs(e.g.,mesalazine,corticosteroids,antibiotics,etc)but also second-and third-line drugs(immunosuppressants and biologic agents).It is a fact that despite the significant therapeutic advances there is still a significant percentage of patients who do not satisfactorily respond to the treatment ***,a part of these patients are going to *** recent years,several small-size clinical studies,reviews,and case reports have been published combining not only biological agents with other drugs(e.g.,immunosuppressants or corticosteroids)but also the combination of two biologi-cal agents simultaneously,especially in severe *** our opinion,it is at least a strange(and largely unexplained)fact that we often use combinations of drugs in a given patient although studies comparing the simultaneous administration of two or more drugs with monotherapy are very *** mentioned above,there is a timid tendency in the literature to combine two biological agents in severe cases unresponsive to the applied treatment or patients with severe extraintestinal *** appropriate dosage,the duration of the administration,the suitable timing for checking the clinical and laboratory outcome,as well as the treatment side-effects,should be the subject of intense clinical research *** this

关键词： Biologics for immune-mediated conditions Dual-targeted treatment Combination treatment Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s

Heterogeneous Catalysis with Metal-Containing Crystalline Porous Materials:Element-and Site-Specific Insights

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第5期6卷 1110-1129页

作者： Yan Li Andrew g.Walsh Peng Zhang Tianjun Zhang State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceHebei UniversityBaoding 071002 Department of Chemistry Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova Scotia B3H 4R2

Metal-containing crystalline porous materials(CPMs)are gaining popularity in heterogeneous catalysis because of their highly crystalline and porous systems,and their excellent chemical *** of the metal species and framework structure permits them to have greater activity,selectivity,and stability over other *** in-depth understanding of the complex nature of metal active sites in CPMs is essential for revealing the structure-performance relationships and directing the rational design of such *** to conventional characterization techniques,the rapid development of X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS)has provided element-and site-specific deep insights into the electronic and structural information of metal species in *** such,this review begins by summarizing novel XAS techniques and analysis methods in accurately obtaining such ***,the combination of XAS with other high-level characterization methods into disclosing the configuration of active sites in metalcontaining CPMs is ***,the utilization of theory-assisted XAS data analysis in examining complex metal-containing CPM catalysts is ***,advanced in-situ/operando XAS studies into revealing the working sites in metal-containing CPMs under catalytic conditions are *** conclude by outlining the future challenges and prospects of XAS measurements,data analyses,and in-situ/operando setups in advancing the study of metal-in-CPM catalysts.

关键词： X-ray absorption spectroscopy in-situ metal species crystalline porous materials heterogeneous catalysis

Carcinoembryonic antigen in the diagnosis,treatment,and follow-up of focal liver lesions

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World Journal of gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第4期16卷 999-1007页

作者： Osman Nuri Dilek Dilaraİrem Arslan Kahraman gökhan Kahraman Department of Surgery İzmir Katip Celebi UniversitySchool of Medicineİzmir 35150Turkey Department of Patology Merzifon KMP State HospitalAmasya 5300Turkey Department of Radiology Suluova State HospitalAmasya 5500Turkey

In this editorial review,we comment on the article published in the recent issue of the World Journal of gastrointestinal *** antigen(CEA)is a fetal glycoprotein and can be secreted in very small amounts from healthy adults after *** is widely used not only for diagnostic tumor markers but also importantly for the management of some gastrointestinal *** most common clinical use is surveillance for the monitoring of colorectal ***,CEA can become elevated in several malign or benign characterized *** CEA level may vary depending on the location of the lesion,whether it metastasizes or not,and its histopathological *** has been determined that cases with high preoperative CEA have a more aggressive course and the risk of metastasis to the lymph tissue and liver *** this editorial review,we focused on evaluating the role of CEA in clinical practice with a holistic approach,including the diagnostic and prognostic significance of CEA in patients with focal liver lesions,the role of CEA in follow-up after definitive surgery,and also hepatic resection for metastasis,and the management of all patients with raised CEA.

关键词： Carcinoembriyonic antigen Liver Focal liver lesions Metastasis Surgery Prognosis Surveillance