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Competitive effect, but not competitive response, varies along a climatic gradient depending on tree species identity

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第2期11卷 142-151页

作者： Teresa Valor Lluís Coll David I.forrester Hans Pretzsch Miren del Río Kamil Bielak Bogdan Brzeziecki Franz Binder Torben Hilmers Zuzana Sitková Roberto Tognetti Aitor Ameztegui Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering(DCEFA) University of LleidaAv.Alcalde Rovira Roure 191E25198 LleidaSpain Joint Research Unit CTFC-AgROTECNIO-CERCA Ctra.Sant LlorençKm.225280SolsonaSpain Swiss Federal Institute of Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSLZürcherstrasse 1118903BirmensdorfSwitzerland CSIRO Land and Water GPO Box 1700CanberraACT2601Australia Chair of Forest growth and Yield Science School of Life Sciences WeihenstephanTechnical University of MunichHans-Carl-Von-Carlowitz-Platz 285354FreisingGermany Forest Research Center INIA-CSICCtra.A Coruña Km 7.528040MadridSpain IuFOR Sustainable Forest Management Research InstituteUniversity of Valladolid&INIASpain Department of Silviculture Institute of Forest SciencesWarsaw University of Life SciencesNowoursynowska 159/3402776WarsawPoland Bavarian State Institute of Forestry(LWF) Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 1D-85354FreisingGermany National Forest Centre Forest Research InstituteT.G.Masaryka 2296001ZvolenSlovakia Faculty of Agricultural Environmental and Food SciencesFree University of Bozen-Bolzano Piazza Università1 I-39100Bolzano

Background: Understanding the role of species identity in interactions among individuals is crucial for assessing the productivity and stability of mixed forests over time. However, there is limited knowledge concerning the variation in competitive effect and response of different species along climatic gradients. In this study, we investigated the importance of climate, tree size, and competition on the growth of three tree species: spruce(Picea abies), fir(Abies alba), and beech(Fagus sylvatica), and examined their competitive response and effect along a climatic ***: We selected 39 plots distributed across the European mountains with records of the position and growth of 5,759 individuals. For each target species, models relating tree growth to tree size, climate and competition were proposed. Competition was modelled using a neighbourhood competition index that considered the effects of inter-and intraspecific competition on target trees. Competitive responses and effects were related to *** methods and information theory were used to select the best ***: Our findings revealed that competition had a greater impact on target species growth than tree size or climate. Climate did influence the competitive effects of neighbouring species, but it did not affect the target species? response to competition. The strength of competitive effects varied along the gradient, contingent on the identity of the interacting species. When the target species exhibited an intermediate competitive effect relative to neighbouring species, both higher inter-than intraspecific competitive effects and competition reduction occurred along the gradient. Notably, species competitive effects were most pronounced when the target species' growth was at its peak and weakest when growing conditions were far from their ***: Climate modulates the effects of competition from neighbouring trees on the target tree and not the susceptibility of th

关键词： Competition coefficient Competition reduction Interspecific competition Intraspecific competition Mixing effects Mixed species forest Neighbourhood models Plant-plant interactions

Phase Transitions for Products of Characteristic Polynomials under Dyson Brownian Motion

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2021年第3期37卷 509-524页

作者： Peter J.forrester Dang-Zheng LIU ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers School of Mathematics and StatisticsThe University of MelbourneVictoria 3010Australia CAS Key Laboratory of Wu Wen-Tsun Mathematics School of Mathematical SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026P.R.China

We study the averaged products of characteristic polynomials for the gaussian and Laguerre β-ensembles with external source, and prove Pearcey-type phase transitions for particular full rank perturbations of source. The phases are characterised by determining the explicit functional forms of the scaled limits of the averaged products of characteristic polynomials, which are given as certain multidimensional integrals, with dimension equal to the number of products.

关键词： Random matrices Dyson Brownian motion β-ensembles phase transitions

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Thinking in cases

Thinking in cases

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation requiring small bowel anastomosis revision: A case report

作者： (1949-2015 )forrester John

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World Journal of gastrointestinal Surgery 2023年第3期15卷 488-494页

作者： William Wang Maria Korah Kovi E Bessoff Jeanne Shen Joseph D forrester Department of Biology Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305United States Department of Bioengineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305United States Division of general Surgery Department of SurgeryStanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305United States Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Imaging Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCA 94304United States Department of Pathology Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA 94305United States

BACKgROUND Xanthogranulomatous inflammation(XgI)is an uncommon process involving an accumulation of inflammatory cells,commonly lipid-laden *** has been described to occur throughout the body but only rarely in the lower gastrointestinal *** describe a case of XgI contributing to chronic obstructive symptoms in the terminal ileum,in which the patient had an initial diagnostic laparoscopy,continued to have symptoms,then proceeded to have the definitive *** our knowledge,this is the first report of XgI associated with a prior small bowel *** SUMMARY We report the case of a 42-year-old female who presented with intermittent epigastric pain and subjective *** had undergone a laparoscopic small bowel resection for Meckel’s diverticulum five years *** workup was notable for computed tomography scan demonstrating mild inflammation and surrounding stranding at the level of the prior *** underwent a laparotomy,resection of the prior anastomosis and re-anastomosis,with final histopathological examination findings consistent with mural *** XgI can occur at the site of a prior bowel anastomosis and cause chronic obstructive symptoms.

关键词： Xanthogranulomatous inflammation Chronic obstructive symptoms Terminal ileum Bowel anastomosis Bowel resection Case report

System Dynamics-and its Use in Understanding Urban and Regional Development

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上海理工大学学报 1987年第4期19卷 95-106页

作者： Jay W.forrester Sloan school of man. MIT Cambridge MAUSA

System dynamics shows how the structure and policies in a system produce change through time. System dynamics deals with the internal processes that produce good and bad behavior in social, economic, and environmental systems. In a system dynamics study, one builds a computer model that acts out the behavior of the real system being represented. The computer model is then used to

关键词： System Dynamics-and its Use in Understanding Urban and Regional Development

Using a stand-level model to predict light absorption in stands with vertically and horizontally heterogeneous canopies

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Forestry Studies in China 2014年第3期16卷 158-176页

作者： David I forrester Ruben guisasola Xiaolu Tang Axel T Albrecht Tran Lam Dong guerric le Maire Chair of Silviculture Faculty of Environment and Natural ResourcesFreiburg University Chair of Forest Inventory and Remote Sensing Georg-August-Universitt Gttingen Forest Research Institute of Baden-Wrttemberg Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture(TIA) Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences Silviculture Research Institute CIRAD UMR Eco & Sols2 Place VialaMontpellier 34060France

Background： Forest ecosystem functioning is strongly influenced by the absorption of photosynthetically active radiation （APAR）, and therefore, accurate predictions of APAR are critical for many process-based forest growth models. The Lambert-Beer law can be applied to estimate APAR for simple homogeneous canopies composed of one layer, one species, and no canopy gaps. However, the vertical and horizontal structure of forest canopies is rarely homogeneous. Detailed tree-level models can account for this heterogeneity but these often have high input and computational demands and work on finer temporal and spatial resolutions than required by stand-level growth models. The aim of this study was to test a stand-level light absorption model that can estimate APAR by individual species in mixed-species and multi-layered stands with any degree of canopy openness including open-grown trees to closed canopies. Methods： The stand-level model was compared with a detailed tree-level model that has already been tested in mixed-species stands using empirical data. Both models were parameterised for five different forests, including a wide range of species compositions, species proportions, stand densities, crown architectures and canopy structures. Results： The stand-level model performed well in all stands except in the stand where extinction coefficients were unusually variable and it appears unlikely that APAR could be predicted in such stands using （tree- or stand-level） models that do not allow individuals of a given species to have different extinction coefficients, leaf-area density or analogous parameters. Conclusion： This model is parameterised with species-specific information about extinction coefficients and mean crown length, diameter, height and leaf area. It could be used to examine light dynamics in complex canopies and in stand-level growth models.

关键词： Complex forests Mixed-species Stand structure Extinction coefficient Lambert-Beer law Light absorption

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网状锡铝轴承的发展

国外铁道机车与动车 1965年第12期 40-41页

作者： P.g.forrester 鄒振明英国glacier金属公司

本文叙述含锡20%的网状锡铝合金,通过某些试验与别种轴承合金材料作了此较,最后认为网状锡铝合金是良好的轴承材料。网状锡铝轴承的发展已在锡及其用途(1) (2)(3)(4)中叙述过。这些轴承由20%锡、1%铜、其余为铝的轴承衬,经过冷作和热处... 详细信息

本文叙述含锡20%的网状锡铝合金,通过某些试验与别种轴承合金材料作了此较,最后认为网状锡铝合金是良好的轴承材料。网状锡铝轴承的发展已在锡及其用途(1) (2)(3)(4)中叙述过。这些轴承由20%锡、1%铜、其余为铝的轴承衬,经过冷作和热处理获得一种

关键词：合金轴承疲劳强度力学强度白合金轴承合金

Dendritic cells and the extracellular matrix:A challenge for maintaining tolerance/homeostasis

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World Journal of Immunology 2015年第3期5卷 113-130页

作者： Sucharita P Shankar May griffith John V forrester Lucia Kuffová Section of Immunology Inflammation and InfectionDivision of Applied MedicineSchool of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AberdeenInstitute of Medical Sciences Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineCell Biology Bldg.Level 10Linkoping University Department of Ophthalmology Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital

The importance of the extracellular matrix （ECM） in contributing to structural, mechanical, functional and tissue-specific features in the body is well appreciated. While the ECM was previously considered to be a passive bystander, it is now evident that it plays active, dynamic and fexible roles in shaping cell survival, differentiation, migration and death to varying extents depending on the specific site in the body. Dendritic cells （DCs） are recognized as potent antigen presenting cells present in many tissues and in blood, continuously scrutinizing the microenvironment for antigens and mounting local and systemic host responses against harmful agents. DCs also play pivotal roles in maintaining homeostasis to harmless self-antigens, critical for preventing autoimmunity. What is less understood are the complex interactions between DCs and the ECM in maintaining this balance between steady-state tissue residence and DC activation during inflammation. DCs are finely tuned to inflammation-induced variations in fragment length, accessible epitopes and post-translational modifications of individual ECM components and correspondingly interpret these changes appropriately by adjusting their profiles of cognate binding receptors and downstream immune activation. The successful design and composition of novel ECM-based mimetics in regenerative medicine and other applications rely on our improved understanding of DC-ECM interplay in homeostasis and the challenges involved in maintaining it.

关键词： Dendritic cells Extracellular matrix Tolerance Biomaterials Homeostasis Regenerative medicine Biointeractive implants

High-risk corneal allografts: A therapeutic challenge

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World Journal of Transplantation 2016年第1期6卷 10-27页

作者： Tian Yu Vijayalakshmi Rajendran May griffith John V forrester Lucia Kuffová Section of Immunity Infection and Inflammation Division of Applied Medicine School of Medicine and Dentistry Institute of Medical Sciences University of Aberdeen Integrative Regenerative Medicine Centre Depart-ment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Linkoping University Department of Ophthalmology Maisonneuve- Rosemont Hospital Ocular Immunology Program Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science University of Western Australia

Corneal transplantation is the most common surgical procedure amongst solid organ transplants with a high survival rate of 86% at 1-year post-grafting. This high success rate has been attributed to the immune privilege of the eye. However, mechanisms originally thought to promote immune privilege, such as the lack of antigen presenting cells and vessels in the cornea, are challenged by recent studies. Nevertheless, the immunological and physiological features of the cornea promoting a relatively weak alloimmune response is likely responsible for the high survival rate in "low-risk" settings. Furthermore, although corneal graft survival in "lowrisk" recipients is favourable, the prognosis in "high-risk" recipients for corneal graft is poor. In "high-risk" grafts, the process of indirect allorecognition is accelerated by the enhanced innate and adaptive immune responses due to pre-existing inflammation and neovascularization of the host bed. This leads to the irreversible rejection of the allograft and ultimately graft failure. Many therapeutic measures are being tested in pre-clinical and clinical studies to counter the immunological challenge of "high-risk" recipients. Despite the prevailing dogma, recent data suggest that tissue matching together with use of systemic immunosuppression may increase the likelihood of graft acceptance in "high-risk" recipients. However, immunosuppressive drugs are accompanied with intolerance/side effects and toxicity, and therefore, novel cell-based therapies are in development which target host immune cells and restore immune homeostasis without significant side effect of treatment. In addition, developments in regenerative medicinemay be able to solve both important short comings of allotransplantation:(1) graft rejection and ultimate graft failure; and(2) the lack of suitable donor corneas. The advances in technology and research indicate that wider therapeutic choices for patients may be available to address the worldwide problem

关键词： "High-risk" grafts graft rejection Systemic immunosuppression Cell-based immunomodulation Keratoprosthesis Collagen-based hydrogels