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Characterization of hot electrons generated by laser-plasma interaction at shock ignition intensities

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2023年第6期8卷 74-89页

作者： E.D.Filippov M.Khan A.Tentori P.gajdos A.S.Martynenko R.Dudzak P.Koester g.Zeraouli D.Mancelli F.Baffigi L.A.gizzi S.A.Pikuz Ph.D.Nicolaï N.C.Woolsey R.Fedosejevs M.Krus L.Juha D.Batani O.Renner g.cristoforetti Joint Institute for High Temperatures RAS Moscow 125412Russia York Plasma Institute School of PhysicsEngineering and TechnologyUniversity of YorkYork YO105DDUnited Kingdom Universitéde Bordeaux CNRSCEACELIATalence 33405France Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS PragueCzech Republic Plasma Physics Department GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung64291 DarmstadtGermany Institute of Physics of the CAS PragueCzech Republic Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory INO-CNRPisa 56124Italy Centro de Laseres Pulsados(CLPU) Edicio M5Parque Científico.C Adaja8Salamanca 37185Spain Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers-IPPL Centre of Research and InnovationHellenic Mediterranean UniversityRethymnonGreece Department of Electronic Engineering Hellenic Mediterranean UniversityChaniaGreece National Research Nuclear University MEPhI Moscow 115409Russia University of Alberta Edmonton T6G 2V4AlbertaCanada The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC ELI Beamlines FacilityDolníBˇrezanyCzech Republic

In an experiment carried out at the Prague Asterix Laser System at laser intensities relevant to shock ignition conditions(I>10^(16) W/cm^(2)),the heating and transport of hot electrons were studied by using several complementary diagnostics,i.e.,K_(α)time-resolved imaging,hard x-ray filtering(a bremsstrahlung cannon),and electron spectroscopy.Ablators with differing composition from low Z(parylene N)to high Z(nickel)were used in multilayer planar targets to produce plasmas with different coronal temperature and collisionality and modify the conditions of hot-electron generation.The variety of available diagnostics allowed full characterization of the population of hot electrons,retrieving their conversion efficiency,time generation and duration,temperature,and angular divergence.The obtained results are shown to be consistent with those from detailed simulations and similar inertial confinement fusion experiments.Based on the measured data,the advantages,reliability,and complementarity of the experimental diagnostics are discussed.

关键词： spectroscopy shock allowed

Multibeam laser±plasma interaction at the gekko Ⅻ laser facility in conditions relevant for direct-drive inertial confinement fusion

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2023年第2期 75-85页

作者： g.cristoforetti P.Koester S.Atzeni D.Batani S.Fujioka Y.Hironaka S.Hüller T.Idesaka K.Katagiri K.Kawasaki R.Kodama D.Mancelli Ph.Nicolai N.Ozaki A.Schiavi K.Shigemori R.Takizawa T.Tamagawa D.Tanaka A.Tentori Y.Umeda A.Yogo L.A.gizzi Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory 2. Dipartimento SBAI Università di Roma ‘La Sapienza' 3. Université BordeauxCNRS CEA CELIA Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University Centre de Physique Théorique CPHT CNRS IP ParisEcole Polytechnique graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science Kyoto University

Laser±plasma interaction and hot electrons have been characterized in detail in laser irradiation conditions relevant for direct-drive inertial confinement fusion. The experiment was carried out at the gekko XII laser facility in multibeam planar target geometry at an intensity of approximately 3 × 1015W/cm2. Experimental data suggest that high-energy electrons, with temperatures of 20-50 ke V and conversion efficiencies of η g of electron plasma waves driven by two-plasmon decay(TPD). Stimulated Raman scattering(SRS) is observed in a near-threshold growth regime, producing a reflectivity of approximately 0.01%, and is well described by an analytical model accounting for the convective growth in independent speckles. The experiment reveals that both TPD and SRS are collectively driven by multiple beams, resulting in a more vigorous growth than that driven by single-beam laser intensity.

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Multibeam laser-plasma interaction at the gekko XII laser facility in conditions relevant for direct-drive inertial confinement fusion

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2023年第2期11卷 70-80页

作者： g.cristoforetti P.Koester S.Atzeni D.Batani S.Fujioka Y.Hironaka S.Hüller T.Idesaka K.Katagiri K.Kawasaki R.Kodama D.Mancelli Ph.Nicolai N.Ozaki A.Schiavi K.Shigemori R.Takizawa T.Tamagawa D.Tanaka A.Tentori Y.Umeda A.Yogo L.A.gizzi Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory INO-CNRPisaItaly Dipartimento SBAI Universitàdi Roma‘La Sapienza’RomaItaly UniversitéBordeaux CNRSCEACELIATalenceFrance Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan Centre de Physique Théorique CPHT CNRSIP ParisEcole PolytechniquePalaiseauFrance graduate School of Engineering Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers Hellenic Mediterranean University Research CentreRethymnonGreece Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science Kyoto UniversitySennanOsakaJapan

Laser–plasma interaction and hot electrons have been characterized in detail in laser irradiation conditions relevant for direct-drive inertial confinement fusion.The experiment was carried out at the gekko XII laser facility in multibeam planar target geometry at an intensity of approximately 3×10^(15)W/cm^(2).Experimental data suggest that high-energy electrons,with temperatures of 20–50 keV and conversion efficiencies ofηg of electron plasma waves driven by two-plasmon decay(TPD).Stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)is observed in a near-threshold growth regime,producing a reflectivity of approximately 0.01%,and is well described by an analytical model accounting for the convective growth in independent speckles.The experiment reveals that both TPD and SRS are collectively driven by multiple beams,resulting in a more vigorous growth than that driven by single-beam laser intensity.

关键词： inertial confinement fusion laser plasma interaction parametric instabilities

Observation and modelling of stimulated Raman scattering driven by an optically smoothed laser beam in experimental conditions relevant for shock ignition

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2021年第4期9卷 160-178页

作者： g.cristoforetti S.Hüller P.Koester L.Antonelli S.Atzeni F.Baffigi D.Batani C.Baird N.Booth M.galimberti K.glize A.Héron M.Khan P.Loiseau D.Mancelli M.Notley P.Oliveira O.Renner M.Smid A.Schiavi g.Tran N.C.Woolsey L.A.gizzi Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory INO-CNRINO-CNR56124 PisaItaly Centre de Physique Théorique CPHT CNRSIP ParisEcole Polytechnique91128 PalaiseauFrance York Plasma Institute Department of PhysicsUniversity of YorkYork YO105DDUK Dipartimento SBAI Universitàdi Roma'La Sapienza'00161 RomaItaly Universitéde Bordeaux CNRSCEACELIA33405 TalenceFrance STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab Central Laser FacilityDidcot SN21SZUK Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(MOE) Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China CEA DAMDIF91297 ArpajonFrance UniversitéParis-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyeres-le-ChatelFrance Institute of Physics ELI BeamlinesInstitute of Plasma PhysicsCzech Academy of Sciences18221 PragueCzech Republic Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 01328 DresdenGermany

We report results and modelling of an experiment performed at the Target Area West Vulcan laser facility,aimed at investigating laser±plasma interaction in conditions that are of interest for the shock ignition scheme in inertial confinement fusion(ICF),that is,laser intensity higher than 10^(16) W/cm^(2) impinging on a hot(T>1 keV),inhomogeneous and long scalelength pre-formed plasma.Measurements show a significant stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)backscattering(;%-20%of laser energy)driven at low plasma densities and no signatures of two-plasmon decay(TPD)/SRS driven at the quarter critical density region.Results are satisfactorily reproduced by an analytical model accounting for the convective SRS growth in independent laser speckles,in conditions where the reflectivity is dominated by the contribution from the most intense speckles,where SRS becomes saturated.Analytical and kinetic simulations well reproduce the onset of SRS at low plasma densities in a regime strongly affected by non-linear Landau damping and by filamentation of the most intense laser speckles.The absence of TPD/SRS at higher densities is explained by pump depletion and plasma smoothing driven by filamentation.The prevalence of laser coupling in the low-density profile justifies the low temperature measured for hot electrons(7-12 keV),which is well reproduced by numerical simulations.

关键词： plasma simulations shock ignition stimulated Raman scattering inertial confinement fusion laser-plasma interaction

Time evolution of stimulated Raman scattering and two-plasmon decay at laser intensities relevant for shock ignition in a hot plasma

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2019年第3期7卷 142-155页

作者： g.cristoforetti L.Antonelli D.Mancelli S.Atzeni F.Baffigi F.Barbato D.Batani g.Boutoux F.D'Amato J.Dostal R.Dudzak E.Filippov Y.J.gu L.Juha O.Klimo M.Krus S.Malko A.S.Martynenko Ph.Nicolai V.Ospina S.Pikuz O.Renner J.Santos V.T.Tikhonchuk J.Trela S.Viciani L.Volpe S.Weber L.A.gizzi National Institute of Optics CNRPisa and FlorenceItaly York Plasma Physics Institute University of YorkHe slingtonYorkUK Universite de Bordeaux CNRSCEACELIATalenceFrance Donostia International Physics Center(DiPC) Donostia/San SebastianBasque CountrySpain Dipartimento SBAI Universita di Roma La SapienzaRomaItaly National Research Nuclear University MEPhl MoscowRussia CEA DAMDIFArpajonFrance Department of Radiation and Chemical Physics Institute of Physics of the CASPragueCzech Republic Laser Plasma Department Institute of Plasma Physics of the CASPragueCzech Republic Joint Institute for High Temperature RAS MoscowRussia ELI-Beamlines Institute of Physics of the CASPragueCzech Republic FNSPE Czech Technical University in PraguePragueCzech Republic Universidad de Salamanca Ctr Laseres PulsadosSalamancaSpain Centro de Laseres Pulsados(CLPU) VillamayorSalamancaSpain

Laser–plasma interaction(LPI)at intensities 1015–1016 W·cm^-2 is dominated by parametric instabilities which can be responsible for a significant amount of non-collisional absorption and generate large fluxes of high-energy nonthermal electrons.Such a regime is of paramount importance for inertial confinement fusion(ICF)and in particular for the shock ignition scheme.In this paper we report on an experiment carried out at the Prague Asterix Laser System(PALS)facility to investigate the extent and time history of stimulated Raman scattering(SRS)and two-plasmon decay(TPD)instabilities,driven by the interaction of an infrared laser pulse at an intensity^1.2×1016 W·cm^-2 with a^100μm scalelength plasma produced from irradiation of a flat plastic target.The laser pulse duration(300 ps)and the high value of plasma temperature(~4 ke V)expected from hydrodynamic simulations make these results interesting for a deeper understanding of LPI in shock ignition conditions.Experimental results show that absolute TPD/SRS,driven at a quarter of the critical density,and convective SRS,driven at lower plasma densities,are well separated in time,with absolute instabilities driven at early times of interaction and convective backward SRS emerging at the laser peak and persisting all over the tail of the pulse.Side-scattering SRS,driven at low plasma densities,is also clearly observed.Experimental results are compared to fully kinetic large-scale,two-dimensional simulations.Particle-in-cell results,beyond reproducing the framework delineated by the experimental measurements,reveal the importance of filamentation instability in ruling the onset of SRS and stimulated Brillouin scattering instabilities and confirm the crucial role of collisionless absorption in the LPI energy balance.

关键词： plasma simulations shock ignition stimulated Raman scattering two-plasmon decay

Accurate measurement of magnesium content in alphaolefins by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) technique

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Optoelectronics Letters 2007年第3期3卷 222-226页

作者： U.Visentini g. cristoforetti S. Legnaioli A. Salvetti E. Tognoni V. Palleschi Basell R&D Polymer Physics and CharacterizationPiazzale Donegani12 QCL 44100 FerraraItaly Applied Laser Spectroscopy Laboratory Istituto per i Processi Chimico-FisiciArea di Ricerca del Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheVia Moruzzi 156124 PisaItaly

In this paper,results are presented on first application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) technique for quantitative determination of Mg concentration in alpha-olefins. It is demonstrated that this technique gives accuracies in Mg concentrations which are comparable with those of traditional methods,as ICP-OES,in short times and without need for sample preparation. Limits of detection for Mg of the order of 500 ppb are demonstrated. Moreover,a brief discussion about the realization of proper calibration curves and the definition of the limit of detection(LOD) is reported.

关键词： α-石蜡镁含量精确测量激光诱导击穿光谱

Performance and calibration of quark/gluon-jet taggers using 140 fb^(-1) of pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 1-25页

作者： g. Aad B. Abbott K. Abeling N.J. Abicht S.H. Abidi A. Aboulhorma H. Abramowicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B.S. Acharya C. Adam Bourdarios L. Adamczyk S.V. Addepalli M.J. Addison J. Adelman A. Adiguzel T. Adye A.A. Affolder Y. Afik M.N. Agaras J. Agarwala A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei A. Ahmad F. Ahmadov W.S. Ahmed S. Ahuja X. Ai g. Aielli A. Aikot M. Ait Tamlihat B. Aitbenchikh I. Aizenberg M. Akbiyik T.P.A. Åkesson A.V. Akimov D. Akiyama N.N. Akolkar K. Al Khoury g.L. Alberghi J. Albert P. Albicocco g.L. Albouy S. Alderweireldt M. Aleksa I.N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos F. Alfonsi M. Algren M. Alhroob B. Ali H.M.J. Ali S. Ali S.W. Alibocus M. Aliev g. Alimonti W. Alkakhi C. Allaire B.M.M. Allbrooke J.F. Allen C.A. Allendes Flores P.P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani M. Alvarez Estevez A. Alvarez Fernandez M. Alves Cardoso M.g. Alviggi M. Aly Y. Amaral Coutinho A. Ambler C. Amelung M. Amerl C.g. Ames D. Amidei S.P. Amor Dos Santos K.R. Amos V. Ananiev C. Anastopoulos T. Andeen J.K. Anders S.Y. Andrean A. Andreazza S. Angelidakis A. Angerami A.V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel M.T. Anthony E. Antipov M. Antonelli F. Anulli M. Aoki T. Aoki J.A. Aparisi Pozo M.A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella C. Appelt A. Apyan N. Aranzabal S.J. Arbiol Val C. Arcangeletti A.T.H. Arce E. Arena J-F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos J.-H. Arling O. Arnaez H. Arnold g. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai S. Asai N.A. Asbah J. Assahsah K. Assamagan R. Astalos S. Atashi R.J. Atkin M. Atkinson H. Atmani P.A. Atmasiddha K. Augsten S. Auricchio A.D. Auriol V.A. Austrup g. Avolio K. Axiotis g. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backman A. Badea P. Bagnaia M. Bahmani A.J. Bailey V.R. Bailey J.T. Baines L. Baines O.K. Baker E. Bakos D. Bakshi gupta V. Balakrishnan R. Balasubramanian E.M. Baldin P. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli L.M. Baltes W.K. Balunas J. Balz E. Banas M. Bandieramonte A. Bandyopadhyay S. Bansal L. Barak M. Barakat E.L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero M.Z. Barel K.N. Barends T. Barillari M-S. Barisits T. Barklow P. Baron D.A. Baron Mo The ATLAS Collaboration

The identification of jets originating from quarks and gluons,often referred to as quark/gluon tagging,plays an important role in various analyses performed at the Large Hadron Collider,as Standard Model measurements and searches for new particles decaying to quarks often rely on suppressing a large gluon-induced background.This paper describes the measurement of the efficiencies of quark/gluon taggers developed within the ATLAS Collaboration,using √s=13 TeV proton–proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 140 fb^(-1) collected by the ATLAS experiment.Two taggers with high performances in rejecting jets from gluon over jets from quarks are studied:one tagger is based on requirements on the number of inner-detector tracks associated with the jet,and the other combines several jet substructure observables using a boosted decision tree.A method is established to determine the quark/gluon fraction in data,by using quark/gluon-enriched subsamples defined by the jet pseudorapidity.Differences in tagging efficiency between data and simulation are provided for jets with transverse momentum between 500 geV and 2 TeV and for multiple tagger working points.

关键词： ATLAS JET QUARK gLUON TAggINg

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太空摄影奇人野史大揭秘

摄影之友 2015年第9期 22-23页

作者： Don Pettit Chris Hadfield Sam cristoforetti Robert Luke Lauren Eric Treey Niko

"我们的征途是星辰大海!"人造火箭飞入太空,也带去了人类好奇的心。除了NASA能在官网上频频晒出的各种太空"艳照",还有哪些人也能做到?今天就带大家一起来刨一刨那些为太空拍照的奇趣野史吧!"不务正业"的宇航员们NASA一直用自己的独特... 详细信息

"我们的征途是星辰大海!"人造火箭飞入太空,也带去了人类好奇的心。除了NASA能在官网上频频晒出的各种太空"艳照",还有哪些人也能做到?今天就带大家一起来刨一刨那些为太空拍照的奇趣野史吧!"不务正业"的宇航员们NASA一直用自己的独特身份发布各种太空奇观照片。

关键词：国际空间站地球时超广角镜头小伙伴哈苏 Harrison 航天飞行器尼康气象气球拍摄经验