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Numerical Analysis on the Effect of n-si on Cu(In, ga)se<sub>2sub> Based Thin-Films for High-Performance solar Cells by 1D-sCAPs

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Open Journal of Applied sciences 2024年第5期14卷 1315-1329页

作者： Rasika N. Mohottige Micheal Farndale gary s. coombs shahnoza saburhhojayeva Department of Natural sciences Waldorf University Forest City IA USA

We report the performances of a chalcopyrite Cu(In, ga)se2 CIgs-based thin-film solar cell with a newly employed high conductive n-si layer. The data analysis was performed with the help of the 1D-solar Cell Capacitan... 详细信息

We report the performances of a chalcopyrite Cu(In, ga)sesub>2 sub>CIgs-based thin-film solar cell with a newly employed high conductive n-si layer. The data analysis was performed with the help of the 1D-solar Cell Capacitance simulator (1D-sCAPs) software program. The new device structure is based on the CIgs layer as the absorber layer, n-si as the high conductive layer, i-Insub>2sub>ssub>3sub>, and i-ZnO as the buffer and window layers, respectively. The optimum CIgs bandgap was determined first and used to simulate and analyze the cell performance throughout the experiment. This analysis revealed that the absorber layer’s optimum bandgap value has to be 1.4 eV to achieve maximum efficiency of 22.57%. subsequently, output solar cell parameters were analyzed as a function of CIgs layer thickness, defect density, and the operating temperature with an optimized n-si layer. The newly modeled device has a p-CIgs/n-si/Insub>2sub>ssub>3sub>/Al-ZnO structure. The main objective was to improve the overall cell performance while optimizing the thickness of absorber layers, defect density, bandgap, and operating temperature with the newly employed optimized n-si layer. The increase of absorber layer thickness from 0.2 - 2 µm showed an upward trend in the cell’s performance, while the increase of defect density and operating temperature showed a downward trend in solar cell performance. This study illustrates that the proposed cell structure shows higher cell performances and can be fabricated on the lab-scale and industrial levels.

关键词： n-si p-CIgs 1D-sCAPs Thin-Films In2s3

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Challenges in Diagnosing and Managing Dieulafoy’s Lesions: A Case Report Highlighting the Importance of Clinical suspicion and Multidisciplinary Approach in Obscure gastrointestinal Bleeding

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Open Journal of gastroenterology 2024年第3期14卷 80-86页

作者： Feruza Abraamyan Neeladri Misra Kenneth Tran Khalid Mahmood Benjamin coombs shilpa Lingala sutter Roseville Medical Center Roseville USA

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding remains a significant cause of hospital admissions. Even though the incidence of peptic ulcer disease and gastritis is decreasing, the incidence rates in neoplasm, Dieulafoy’s lesions, angiodysplasia, and esophagitis are trending up, which necessities physicians to be aware of those pathologies and their specifics. Here, we represent a case of a 62-year-old male on dual antiplatelet therapy who was transferred to our hospital due to severe melena with suspicion of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Due to hemodynamic instability, the patient was intubated and started on vasopressors. However, several repeated EgDs and CTs of the abdomen with gI bleeding protocol did not reveal the location of active bleeding to stop it. At the same time, clinically, the patient was hemodynamically unstable with continued melena. On the last EgD, a small area of concern resembling gastric varix was clipped for identification purposes, and the patient underwent a selective angiogram with further diagnosis of Dieulafoy’s lesion, which was successfully embolized. Our case demonstrates that Dieulafoy’s lesions can present as severe life-threatening hemorrhage, hard to diagnose with traditional methods such as EgD or CTs, in which case it is recommended to proceed with an angiogram sooner rather than later for further diagnosis and treatment if needed.

关键词： Upper gastrointestinal Bleeding Dieulafoy’s Lesion Angiodysplasia Melena Hematochezia EgD Angiogram Embolization

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Mismatch between calf paternity and observed copulations between male and female reindeer:Multiple mating in a polygynous ungulate?

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Current Zoology 2023年第4期69卷 377-384页

作者： Keenin R.coombs Robert B.Weladji Ostein Holand Knut H.Rodc Department of Biology Concordia University7141 Sherbrooke St.WestMontrealQCH4B1R6Canada Department of Animal and Aquacultural sciences Norwegian University of Life SciencesOluf Thesens vei 61433ÅsNorway Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life SciencesVeterinærbygningenElizabeth Stephansens vei 15N-1430ÅsNorway

In polygynous systems,such as that exhibited by reindeer Rangifer tarandus,mate choice can be difficult to disentangle from male intrasexual competition because male behavior may constrain female choice.Multiple mating may provide an avenue for female mate choice,though it is difficult to identify using behavioral estimators alone.Molecular techniques address this issue by affording ecologists an opportunity to reassess mating systems from a genetic perspective.We assessed the frequency and possible explanations for multiple mating in reindeer using a genetic approach to determine the success of observed copulations in a semi-domesticated herd in Kaamanen,Finland.Behavioral and genetic data were synthesized with population characteristics over a 7-year period to test the hypothesis that,if present,polyandry in reindeer is driven by sexual harassment from sub-dominant males.We observed multiple mating in 42%of females,with as many as 60%exhibiting multiple mating in certain years.We found no evidence that multiple mating resulted from sexual harassment by sub-dominant males,suggesting that it is likely a deliberate strategy among females.Conversion rate of copulations into paternities varied with male size,with smaller males more likely to experience mismatch than larger males.Female preference for larger males persisted despite the occurrence of multiple mating,possibly suggesting a mechanism for cryptic post-copulatory selection.We suggest further research to delineate the possible influence of cryptic post-copulatory selection and multiple mating to defend against infertility in exhausted males.

关键词： female choice mate choice mating systems polyandry reproductive success sexual selection

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Evidence relating cigarettes,cigars and pipes to cardiovascular disease and stroke:Meta-analysis of recent data from three regions

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2023年第6期11卷 290-312页

作者： Peter Nicholas Lee Katharine J coombs Jan s Hamling Medical statistics and Epidemiology P.N.Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd.Sutton SM25DASurreyUnited Kingdom

BACKgROUND More recent data are required relating to disease risk for use of various smoked products and of other products containing nicotine.Earlier we published metaanalyses of recent results for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer on the relative risk(RR)of current compared to never product use for cigarettes,cigars and pipes based on evidence from North America,Europe and Japan.We now report corresponding up-to-date evidence for acute myocardial infarction(AMI),ischaemic heart disease(IHD)and stroke.AIM To estimate,using recent data,AMI,IHD and stroke RRs by region for current smoking of cigarettes,cigars and pipes.METHODs Publications in English from 2015 to 2020 were considered that,based on epidemiological studies in the three regions,estimated the current smoking RR of AMI,IHD or stroke for one or more of the three products.The studies should involve at least 100 cases of stroke or cardiovascular disease(CVD),not be restricted to populations with specific medical conditions,and should be of cohort or nested case-control study design or randomized controlled trials.A literature search was conducted on MEDLINE,examining titles and abstracts initially,and then full texts.Additional papers were sought from reference lists of selected papers,reviews and meta-analyses.For each study identified,we entered the most recent available data on current smoking of each product,as well as the characteristics of the study and the RR estimates.Combined RR estimates were derived using random-effects meta-analysis for stroke and,in the case of CVD,separately for IHD and AMI.For cigarette smoking,where far more data were available,heterogeneity was studied by a wide range of factors.For cigar and pipe smoking,a more limited heterogeneity analysis was carried out.A more limited assessment of variation in risk by daily number of cigarettes smoked was also conducted.REsULTs Current cigarette smoking:Ten studies gave a random-effects RR for AMI of 2.72[95%confidence interval(CI):2.40-3.08],derived from 13 esti

关键词： Cigarettes Cigars Pipes Cardiovascular disease stroke Meta-analysis Review

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Evidence relating cigarette,cigar and pipe smoking to lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:Meta-analysis of recent data from three regions

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2023年第5期11卷 228-252页

作者： Peter Nicholas Lee Katharine J coombs Jan s Hamling Medical statistics and Epidemiology P.N.Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd.Sutton SM25DASurreyUnited Kingdom statistics P.N.Lee Statistics and Computing LtdSutton SM25DASurreyUnited Kingdom statistics RoeLee Statistics LtdSutton SM25DAUnited Kingdom

BACKgROUND There is a need to have up-to-date information for various diseases on the risk related to the use of different smoked products and the use of other nicotinecontaining products.Here,we contribute to the information pool by presenting up-to-date quantitative evidence for North America,Europe and Japan and for both lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)on the relative risk(RR)relating to current vs never product use for each of the three smoked tobacco products,cigarettes,cigars and pipes.AIM To estimate lung cancer and COPD current smoking RRs for the three products using recent data for the three regions.METHODs Publications in English from 2010 to 2020 were considered that,based on epidemiological studies in the three regions,estimated the current smoking RR of lung cancer and/or COPD for one or more of the three products.The studies should involve at least 100 cases of the disease considered,not be restricted to specific lung cancer types or populations with specific medical conditions,and should be of cohort or nested case-control study design or randomized controlled trials.Literature searches were conducted on MEDLINE separately for lung cancer and for COPD,examining titles and abstracts initially,and then full texts.Additional papers were sought from reference lists of selected papers,reviews and metaanalyses.For each study identified,the most recent available data on each product were entered on current smoking,as well as on characteristics of the study and the RR estimates.Combined RR estimates were derived using random-effects meta-analysis.For cigarette smoking,where far more data were available,heterogeneity was studied by a wide range of factors.For cigar and pipe smoking,a more limited heterogeneity analysis was carried out.Results were compared with those from previous meta-analyses published since 2000.REsULTs Current cigarette smoking:For lung cancer,44 studies(26 North American,14 European,three Japanese,and one in multiple continents),gave an overall estimate of 1

关键词： Cigarettes Cigars Pipes Lung cancer Meta-analysis Review

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关于沸石类矿物命名法的建议(Ⅰ)

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矿物岩石地球化学通报 2001年第3期20卷 149-155页

作者： D.s.coombs 王立本中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所

本文系对IMA CNMMN批准的沸石命名法的修改建议。其中扩展了沸石类矿物的定义 ,今后凡具有沸石的性质 ,但其结构中含有四面体格架者则可视为沸石 ;亦允许非硅和铝的元素在格架内的完全替换。在具特定结构的组成系列中 ,格架外的不同阳... 详细信息

本文系对IMA CNMMN批准的沸石命名法的修改建议。其中扩展了沸石类矿物的定义 ,今后凡具有沸石的性质 ,但其结构中含有四面体格架者则可视为沸石 ;亦允许非硅和铝的元素在格架内的完全替换。在具特定结构的组成系列中 ,格架外的不同阳离子中的原子比值最大者可确定为独立的矿物种 ,命名时采用相应的元素符号作为后缀 ,用连字符加在系列名称之后 [钙十字沸石类 (philipsite)和方沸石 (analcime)系列中的交沸石 (harmotome)、铯沸石 (pollucite)和斜钙沸石 (wairakite)除外 ]。具有相同结构格架的沸石中空间群对称和有序—无序关系的差异一般不作为建立独立矿物种的根据。除片沸石 (heulandite) (si∶Alsi∶Al>4 .0 )外 ,沸石的矿物种不能只靠si∶Al值来区分。失水、部分水化和过量水化不能作为区别沸石独立矿物种的根据。在涉及到沸石的简化分子式或平均分子式时 ,应当避免使用“理想分子式”这一术语。在不同的组成系列中最近确定的矿物种有 :brewsterite sr、 Ba(锶沸石 sr、 Ba)、chabazite Ca、 Na、 K(菱沸石 Ca、 Na、 K)、clinoptilolite K、 Na、 Ca(斜发沸石 K、 Na、 Ca)、dachiardite Ca、 Na(环晶沸石 Ca、 Na)、erionite Na、 K、 Ca(毛沸石 Na、

关键词：沸石类矿物矿物命名矿物分类

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Dose-response relationship of lung cancer to amount smoked, duration and age starting

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2013年第2期1卷 57-77页

作者： John s Fry Peter N Lee Barbara A Forey Katharine J coombs PN Lee statistics and Computing Ltd.

AIM: To quantify smoking/lung cancer relationships accurately using parametric modelling. METHODs: Using the International Epidemiological studies on smoking and Lung Cancer database of all epidemiological studies of 100+ lung cancer cases published before 2000, we analyzed 97 blocks of data for amount smoked, 35 for duration of smoking, and 27 for age started. Pseudo-numbers of cases and controls(or at risk) estimated from RRs by dose level formed the data modelled. We fitted various models relating loge RR to dose(d), including βd, βdY and βloge(1 + Wd),and investigated goodness-of-fit and heterogeneity between studies. REsULTs: The best-fitting models for loge RR were0.833 loge [1 +(8.1c/10)] for cigarettes/d(c), 0.792(y/10)0.74 for years smoked(y) and 0.176 [(70- a)/10]1.44 for age of start(a). Each model fitted well overall, though some blocks misfitted. RRs rose from 3.86 to 22.31 between c = 10 and 50, from 2.21 to 13.54 between y = 10 and 50, and from 3.66 to 8.94 between a = 30 and 12.5. Heterogeneity(P sted by continent for amount, RRs for 50 cigarettes/d being 7.23(Asia), 26.36(North America) and 22.16(Europe). Little heterogeneity was seen for duration of smoking or age started. CONCLUsION: The models describe the dose-relationships well, though may be biased by factors including misclassification of smoking status and dose.

关键词： smoking Lung neoplasms Dose-response Meta-analysis Review Amount smoked Duration of smoking Age at starting to smoke

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systematic review with meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence in Europe,Israel,America and Australasia on smoking and COVID-19

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2021年第4期9卷 353-376页

作者： Peter Nicholas Lee Janette s Hamling Katharine Jane coombs Department of statistics P.N.Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd.Sutton SM25DAUnited Kingdom Department of statistics RoeLee Statistics Ltd.Sutton SM25DASurreyUnited Kingdom

BACKgROUND Previous meta-analyses related smoking to death or severe infection from coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in hospitalized patients,but considered only a few studies,did not adjust for demographics and comorbidities,and inadequately defined smoking.AIM To review and meta-analyse epidemiological evidence on smoking and COVID-19,considering a range of endpoints,populations and smoking definitions and the effect of adjustment.METHODs studies were identified from publications in English up to 30 september,2020 involving at least 100 individuals,carried out in Europe,Israel,America or Australasia,not restricted to those with specific other diseases,and providing information relating smoking to various COVID-related endpoints.Meta-analyses were carried out for combinations of population and endpoint,with variation studied by smoking definition,adjustment level and other factors.REsULTs From 96 publications,74 studies were identified,37 in the United states,10 in the United Kingdom,with up to four in the other countries.Three involved over a million individuals,and 37 involved less than a thousand.Adjusted results for smoking were available in 42 studies,with adjustment not considered in 20 studies.Results were considered by endpoint.No significant effect of smoking on COVID-19 positivity was seen in the general population,but there was a reduced risk in those tested.Best-adjusted estimates for current(vs never)smoking were 0.87(95%confidence interval:0.52-1.47)in the general population and 0.52(0.43-0.64)in those tested.For those hospitalized due to COVID-19,unadjusted rates were significantly increased in current smokers(1.20,1.01-1.42)and ever smokers(1.64,1.41-1.91),but those adjusted for comorbidities showed no increase for current(0.82,0.52-1.30)or ever smokers(1.00,0.76-1.32).There was little evidence to suggest that smoking was associated with intensive care admission.For those hospitalized with COVID-19,best-adjusted estimates were 0.88(0.72-1.08)for current smokers and 1.10(0.99-1.22)for ever smoker

关键词： smoking COVID-19 Meta-analyses Review Europe America

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Misclassification of smoking habits:An updated review of the literature

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2019年第2期7卷 31-50页

作者： Janette s Hamling Katharine J coombs Peter N Lee RoeLee statistics Ltd. P.N. Lee statistics and Computing Ltd.

BACKgROUND Misclassification of smoking habits leads to underestimation of true relationships between diseases and active smoking, and overestimation of true relationships with passive smoking. Information on misclassification rates can be obtained from studies using cotinine as a marker.AIM To estimate overall misclassification rates based on a review and meta-analysis of the available evidence, and to investigate how misclassification rates depend on other factors.METHODs We searched for studies using cotinine as a marker which involved at least 200 participants and which provided information on high cotinine levels in selfreported non-, never, or ex-smokers or on low levels in self-reported smokers. We estimated overall misclassification rates weighted on sample size and investigated heterogeneity by various study characteristics. Misclassification rates were calculated for two cotinine cut points to distinguish smokers and nonsmokers, the higher cut point intended to distinguish regular smoking.REsULTs After avoiding double counting, 226 reports provided 294 results from 205 studies. A total of 115 results were from North America, 128 from Europe, 25 from Asia and 26 from other countries. A study on 6.2 million life insurance applicants was considered separately. Based on the lower cut point, true current smokers represented 4.96%(95% CI 4.32-5.60%) of reported non-smokers, 3.00%(2.45-3.54%) of reported never smokers, and 10.92%(9.23-12.61%) of reported exsmokers. As percentages of true current smokers, non-, never and ex-smokers formed, respectively, 14.50%(12.36-16.65%), 5.70%(3.20-8.20%), and 8.93%(6.57-11.29%). Reported current smokers represented 3.65%(2.84-4.45%) of true non-smokers. There was considerable heterogeneity between misclassification rates.Rates of claiming never smoking were very high in Asian women smokers, the individual studies reporting rates of 12.5%, 22.4%, 33.3%, 54.2% and 66.3%. False claims of quitting were relatively high in pregnant women, in diseased individuals who may recently

关键词： Misclassification smoking Cotinine Cigarettes Tobacco use E-cigarettes Passive smoking Bias systematic review Meta-analysis

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Phased,chromosome-scale genome assemblies of tetraploid potato reveal a complex genome,transcriptome,and predicted proteome landscape underpinning genetic diversity

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Molecular Plant 2022年第3期15卷 520-536页

作者： genevieve Hoopes Xiaoxi Meng John P.Hamilton sai Reddy Achakkagari Fernanda de Alves Freitas guesdes Marie E.Bolger Joseph J.coombs Danny Esselink Natalie R.Kaiser Linda Kodde Maria Kyriakidou Brian Lavrijssen Natascha van Lieshout Rachel shereda Heather K.Tuttle Brieanne Vaillancourt Joshua C.Wood Jan Mde Boer Nolan Bornowski Peter Bourke David Douches Herman Jvan Eck Dave Ellis Max J.Feldman Kyle M.gardner Johannes C.P.Hopman Jiming Jiang Walter s.De Jong Joseph C.Kuhl Richard g.Novy stan Oome Vidyasagar sathuvalli Ek Han Tan Remco A.Ursum M.Isabel Vales Kelly Vining Richard g.F.Visser Jack Vossen g.Craig Yencho Noelle L.Anglin Christian W.B.Bachem Jeffrey B.Endelman Laura M.shannon Martina V.stromvik Helen H.Tai Bjorn Usadel C.Robin Buell Richard Finkers Department of Plant Biology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Horticultural science University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA Department of Plant science McGill UniversitySainte-Anne-de-BellevueQC H9X 3V9Canada Plant Breeding Wageningen University&ResearchPlant Breeding6708 PB Wageningenthe Netherlands IBg-4 Bioinformatics Forschungszentrum JülichWilhelm Johnen Str52428 JülichGermany Department of Plant Soiland Microbial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Bayer Crop science WoodlandCA 95695USA Averis seeds B.V. 9640 AA Veendamthe Netherlands International Potato Center 1895 Avenida La MolinaLimaPeru UsDA-ARs ProsserWA 99350USA Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Fredericton Research and Development Centre FrederictonNB E3B 4Z7Canada school of Integrative Plant science Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853-1901USA Department of Plant sciences University of IdahoMoscowID 83844USA UsDA-ARs Small Grains and Potato Germplasm ResearchAberdeenID 83210USA HZPC Research B.V. Edisonweg 58501 XG Jourethe Netherlands Department of Crop and soil science Oregon State UniversityHermistonOR 97838USA school of Biology and Ecology University of Maine5735 Hitchner Hall OronoME 04469USA Department of Horticultural sciences Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843-2133USA Department of Horticulture Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA Department of Horticultural science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695-7609USA Department of Horticulture University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Horticulture Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Institute for Biological Data science Heinrich Heine UniversityDusseldorf40225 DusseldorfGermany Plant Resilience Institute Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Present address:genNovation B.V. Wageningenthe Netherlands

Cultivated potato is a clonally propagated autotetraploid species with a highly heterogeneous genome.Phased assemblies of six cultivars including two chromosome-scale phased genome assemblies revealed extensive allelic diversity,including altered coding and transcript sequences,preferential allele expression,and structural variation that collectively result in a highly complex transcriptome and predicted proteome,which are distributed across the homologous chromosomes.Wild species contribute to the extensive allelic diversity in tetraploid cultivars,demonstrating ancestral introgressions predating modern breeding efforts.As a clonally propagated autotetraploid that undergoes limited meiosis,dysfunctional and deleterious alleles are not purged in tetraploid potato.Nearly a quarter of the loci bore mutations are predicted to have a high negative impact on protein function,complicating breeder’s efforts to reduce genetic load.The stCDF1 locus controls maturity,and analysis of six tetraploid genomes revealed that 12 allelic variants of stCDF1 are correlated with maturity in a dosage-dependent manner.Knowledge of the complexity of the tetraploid potato genome with its rampant structural variation and embedded deleterious and dysfunctional alleles will be key not only to implementing precision breeding of tetraploid cultivars but also to the construction of homozygous,diploid potato germplasm containing favorable alleles to capitalize on heterosis in F1 hybrids.

关键词： potato allele diversity phased assembly polyploid pan-genome wild introgressions

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