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Methods for latent image simulations in photolithography with a polychromatic light attenuation equation for fabricating Vias in 2.5D and 3D advaneed packaging architectures

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第3期7卷 85-96页

作者： Daniel C.Smallwood Paul McCloskey cian OzMathuna Declan P.Casey James F.Rohan MicroNano Systems Centre Tyndall National InstituteUniversity College CorkLee MaltingsCork T12 R5CPIreland School of Engineering University College CorkCollege RoadCorkIreland

As demand accelerates for multifunctional devices with a small footprint and minimal power consumption,2.5D and 3D advanced packaging architectures have emerged as an essential solution that use through-substrate vias(TSVs)as vertical in *** stacking en ables chip packages with increased functi on ality,enhanced desig n versatility,minimal power loss,reduced footprint and high *** the potential of photolithography for vertical interconnect access(Via)fabrication requires fast and accurate predictive modeling of diffraction effects and resist film *** procedure is especially challenging for broad-spectrum exposure systems that use,for example,Hg bulbs with g-,h-,and i-line UV *** this paper,we present new methods and equations for Via latent image determination in photolithography that are suitable for broad-spectrum exposure and negate the need for complex and time-consuming in situ *** technique is accurate,converges quickly on the average modern PC and could be readily integrated into photolithography simulation *** derive a polychromatic light attenuation equation from the Beer-Lambert law,which can be used in a critical exposure dose model to determine the photochemical reaction *** in teg rate this equation with an exact scalar diffraction formula to produce a succinct equation comprising a complete coupling between light propagation phenomena and photochemical *** then perform a comparative study between 2D/3D photoresist latent image simulation geometries and directly corresponding experimental data,which demonstrates a highly positive *** anticipate that this technique will be a valuable asset to photolithography,micro-and nano-optical systems and advaneed packaging/system integration with applications in technology domains ranging from space to automotive to the Internet of Things(loT).

关键词： latent image equation

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COVID-19 impact on the liver

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第16期9卷 3814-3825页

作者： Liliana Baroiu Caterina Dumitru Alina iancu Ana-Cristina Leșe Miruna Drăgănescu Nicușor Baroiu Lucreția Anghel Clinical Medical Department Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy“Dunarea de Jos”University of GalatiGalati 800008Romania Pharmaceutical Sciences Department Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy“Dunarea de Jos”University of GalatiGalati 800008Romania Department of Morphological and Functional Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy“Dunarea de Jos”University of GalatiGalati 800008Romania Design Department Faculty of Visual Arts and Design“George Enescu”National University of ArtsIasi 700451Romania Department of Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering“Dunarea de Jos”University of GalatiGalati 800008Romania

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic imposed arestructuring of global health systems by rethinking spaces used for the care of these patients and the additions of intensive care,infectious diseases and pneumology *** paper provides evidence on the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in hepatocytes and its direct cytopathic activity,as well as the degree of liver damage due to drug toxicity,inflammation and hypoxia in COVID-19.A review of clinical trials has quantified liver damage through both pathology and biochemistry ***,we briefly present the results of a study conducted in our clinic on 849 patients admitted for COVID-19 treatment,of which 31 patients had pre-existing chronic liver disease and 388 patients had values above the normal limit for alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,and total *** was observed that patients with abnormal liver tests were significantly statistically older,had more comorbidities and had a higher percentage of unfavourable evolution(death or transfer to intensive care).The conclusion of this paper is that the main causes of liver damage are direct viral aggression,coagulation dysfunction and endothelial damage,and patients with impaired liver function develop more severe forms of COVID-19 which requires special care by a multidisciplinary team that includes a hepatologist.

关键词： COVID-19 Liver injury Cytopathic effect Hyper-inflammatory reaction Drug toxicity Biochemical changes

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Fine-scale analysis reveals a potential influence of forest management on the spatial genetic structure of Eremanthus erythropappus

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第4期32卷 1567-1578页

作者： Lucas Fernandes Rocha Natália Ribeiro de Paula Dulcinéia De Carvalho Department of Forest Science Federal University of Lavras(UFLA)Av.Doutor Sylvio Menicucci1001 Aquental SolLavrasMinas Gerais State 37200-000Brazil Department of Forest Science College of Agricultural Sciences(FCA/UNESP)São Paulo State UniversityAv.Universitária3780Altos do ParaísoBotucatuSão Paulo State 18610-034Brazil

Forest management may have significant effects on forest connectivity and natural population *** old-growth single trees may also change natural patterns of genetic variation and spatial genetic *** study evaluated the impacts of forest management using a silvicultural system of seed trees on the genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure of Eremanthus erythropappus(DC.)MacLeish.A complete survey of 275 trees on four plots was undertaken out to compare the genetic variation of a managed stand with an unmanaged *** genotyped all adult and juvenile individuals 60 months after the management and compared the genetic diversity and the spatial genetic structure *** diversity was considered high because of an efficient gene flow between *** were no genetic differences between stands and no evidence of *** clustering identified a single population(K=1),indicating no genetic differentiation between managed and unmanaged *** and juvenile individuals of the unmanaged stand were more geographically structured than individuals from the managed *** was a tendency of coancestry among juveniles at the first class of distance of the managed stand,suggesting a drift of genetic structure possibly caused by *** early responses to management on genetic diversity and stand structure is a first step to ensuring the effectiveness of conservation practices of tree *** sustainability of forest management of *** on genetic diversity,and more accurately,on spatial genetic structure needs evaluation over time to promote effective conservation of the population size and genetic variability.

关键词： genetic diversity Microsatellite markers gene flow Silvicultural management Brazilian Cerrado

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Targeting hepatic ceruloplasmin mitigates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by modulating bile acid metabolism

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2023年第9期15卷 53-68页

作者： Quanxin Jiang Ning Wang Sĳia Lu Jie Xiong Yanmei Yuan Junli Liu Suzhen Chen Shanghai Diabetes Institute Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismShanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200233China

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)is a condition that progresses from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and is characterized by hepatic fat accumulation,inflammation,and *** has the potential to develop into cirrhosis and liver cancer,and currently no effective pharmacological treatment is *** this study,we investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting ceruloplasmin(Cp),a copper-containing protein predominantly secreted by hepatocytes,for treating *** result show that hepatic Cp is remarkedly upregulated in individuals with NASH and the mouse NASH ***-specific Cp ablation effectively attenuates the onset of dietary-induced NASH by decreasing lipid accumulation,curbing inflammation,mitigating fibrosis,and ameliorating liver *** employing transcriptomics and metabolomics approaches,we have discovered that hepatic deletion of Cp brings about remarkable restoration of bile acid(BA)metabolism during *** deletion of Cp effectively remodels BA metabolism by upregulating Cyp7a1 and Cyp8b1,which subsequently leads to enhanced BA synthesis and notable alterations in BA *** conclusion,our studies elucidate the crucial involvement of Cp in NASH,highlighting its significance as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of this disease.

关键词： ceruloplasmin nonalcoholic steatohepatitis bile acid inflammation fibrosis

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ground motion prediction equations based on shallow crustal earthquakes in georgia and the surrounding Caucasus

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Earthquake Science 2022年第6期35卷 497-509页

作者： Jorjiashvili Nato Shengelia ia godoladze Tea gunia Irakli Akubardia Dimitri Institute of Earth Sciences and National Seismic Monitoring Center Ilia State UniversityTbilisi 0177Georgia

Strong ground motions caused by earthquakes with magnitudes ranging from 3.5 to 6.9 and hypocentral distances of up to 300km were recorded by local broadband stations and three-component accelerograms within georgia’s enhanced digital seismic *** data mixing is particularly effective in areas where strong ground motion data are *** data were used to produce models based on ground-motion prediction equations(gMPEs),one benefit of which is that they take into consideration information from waveforms across a wide range of *** this study,models were developed to predict ground motions for peak ground acceleration and 5%-damped pseudo-absolute-acceleration spectra for periods between 0.01 and 10 ***-period ground motions decayed faster than long-period motions,though decay was still in the order of approximately 1/*** mechanisms and local soil conditions greatly influence *** spectral acceleration(SA)of thrust faults was higher than that for either strike-slip or normal faults but the influence of strike-slip faulting on SA was slightly greater than that for normal *** soils also caused significantly more amplification than rocky sites.

关键词： strong ground motion peak ground acceleration spectral acceleration shallow earthquake

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Tax Reforms for Better Tax Administration:georgian Experience

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Belt and Road Initiative Tax Journal 2021年第1期2卷 41-46页

作者： ia Mikhelidze International Relations Department georgia Revenue Service

This article sets out to share the experience of the major tax reforms in georgia,which is eventually recognized worldwide by reputable international organizations,including the International Monetary Fund,the World Bank and *** article highlights,in particular,three factors that we believe were and remain key to georgia’s *** factors are:*** tax policy;*** administration process;and *** communication with taxpayers.

关键词： Single-window concept e-filing e-invoice Automatic VAT refund system TADAT assessment Doing Business

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Patterning Functionalized Surfaces of 2D Materials by Nanoshaving

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2022年第1期5卷 23-31页

作者： Katie O'Neill Rob greig Rita Tilmann Lisanne Peters Conor P.Cullen graeme Cunningham cian Bartlam Cormac O Coileain Niall McEvoy georg S.Duesberg School of Physics Trinity College DublinDublin 2 D02 PN40Ireland AMBER Centre CRANN InstituteTrinity College DublinDublin 2Ireland Institute of Physics EIT 2Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information TechnologyUniversitat der Bundeswehr Miinchen85579 NeubibergGermany School of Chemistry Trinity College DublinDublin 2Ireland

Atomic force microscopy(AFM)and scanning probe lithography can be used for the mechanical treatment of various surfaces,including polymers,metals,and *** technique of nanoshaving,in which materials are removed using the AFM tip,is employed in this work to produce nanopatterns of self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)on two-dimensional(2D)*** materials used are monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs),namely,MoS_(2)and WS_(2),which are noncovalently functionalized with perylene diimide(PDI),a perylene *** approach involves rastering an AFM probe across the surface at a controlled increased load in ambient *** a result of the strong bond between PDI SAM and TMD,loads in excess of 1|1N are required to pattern the *** predefined patterns,including a grating pattern with feature sizes below 250 nm,are *** indicate the high precision of nanoshaving as an accurate and nondestructive lithographic technique for 2D *** work functions of shaved heterostructures are also examined using Kelvin probe force microscopy.

关键词： Nanoshaving AFM KPFM Perylene diimide 2D materials MoS_(2) WS_(2) Noncovalent functionalization

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Digital Transformation of georgia Revenue Service

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Belt and Road Initiative Tax Journal 2020年第2期1卷 18-23页

作者： ia Mikhelidze International Relations Department georgia Revenue Service

The article reviews the most inspiring steps and actions georgia Revenue Service(RS)took in the past *** structural,moral and finally digital transformation,RS made great efforts to build up a taxpayer-friendly environment and as a result,was ranked the 14th among 190 countries/regions around the globe by"Ease of Doing Business"for the"Paying Taxes"*** RS is conducting to strengthen level and quality of transparency,find solutions to the challenges driven by digitalization,*** is hoped that examples described in this article will serve as a good example for those who yet have to face transformation process.

关键词： Taxpayer-friendly Digitalization E-services Blockchain

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COVID-19 in Brazil:Epidemiological update and perspectives

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2020年第5期13卷 193-196页

作者： Marli C Cupertino graziela A Cupertino Andréia P gomes Nicholas AJ Mayers R Siqueira-Batista Medical School Faculdade Dinamica do Vale do PirangaPonte NovaMinas GeraisBrazil Laboratory of Epidemiological and Computational Methods in Health Department of Medicine and NursingUniversidade Federal de VicosaVicosaMinas GeraisBrazil Department of Veterinary Medicine Universidade Federal de VicosaVicosaMinas GeraisBrazil

Coronaviruses are RNA viruses (Family: Coronaviridae) constituents of a significant number of viruses that provoke diseases in animals and human beings. There are four genera of these microorganisms: Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Deltacoronavirus and gammacoronavirus. From this group, the alpha- and beta-coronaviruses are designated as human coronavirus (HCoV) for their propensity to infect human beings[1].

关键词： diseases Corona Brazil

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georgia's Response to COVID-19

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Belt and Road Initiative Tax Journal 2020年第1期1卷 23-25页

作者： ia Mikhelidze International Relations Department georgia Revenue Service

As the vast majority of coun-tries around the globe could not avoid the spread of COVID-19,g eorgia,thanks to the government’s quick reaction to the potential pandemic threat declared by the WHO,could keep the rate of infection relatively low,compared with its neighbours in the region and many other countries in *** article introduces the countermeasures taken by georgia from the following aspects.

关键词： georgia’s Response COVID-19 following aspects

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