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Endotoxin-induced alterations of adipose tissue function:a pathway to bovine metabolic stress

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1391-1407页

作者： Miguel Chirivi g.Andres Contreras Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA

During the periparturient period, dairy cows exhibit negative energy balance due to limited appetite and increased energy requirements for lactogenesis. The delicate equilibrium between energy availability and expenditure puts cows in a state of metabolic stress characterized by excessive lipolysis in white adipose tissues(AT), increased production of reactive oxygen species, and immune cell dysfunction. Metabolic stress, especially in AT, increases the risk for metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Around parturition, cows are also susceptible to endotoxemia. Bacterial-derived toxins cause endotoxemia by promoting inflammatory processes and immune cell infiltration in different organs and systems while impacting metabolic function by altering lipolysis, mitochondrial activity, and insulin sensitivity. In dairy cows, endotoxins enter the bloodstream after overcoming the defense mechanisms of the epithelial barriers, particularly during common periparturient conditions such as mastitis, metritis, and pneumonia, or after abrupt changes in the gut microbiome. In the bovine AT, endotoxins induce a pro-inflammatory response and stimulate lipolysis in AT, leading to the release of free fatty acids into the bloodstream. When excessive and protracted, endotoxin-induced lipolysis can impair adipocyte's insulin signaling pathways and lipid synthesis. Endotoxin exposure can also induce oxidative stress in AT through the production of reactive oxygen species by inflammatory cells and other cellular components. This review provides insights into endotoxins' impact on AT function, highlighting the gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying AT dysfunction, its connection with periparturient cows' disease risk, and the need to develop effective interventions to prevent and treat endotoxemia-related inflammatory conditions in dairy cattle.

关键词： Adipose tissue dysfunction Endotoxin Inflammation Insulin resistance

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Ultra-minimally invasive endoscopic techniques and colorectal diseases:Current status and its future

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Artificial Intelligence in gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第2期5卷 15-30页

作者： Nalini Kanta ghosh Ashok kumar Department of Surgical gastroenterology Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknow 226014Uttar PradeshIndia

Colorectal diseases are increasing due to altered lifestyle,genetic,and environmental *** plays an important role in *** in colonoscope(ultrathin scope,magnetic scope,capsule)and technological gadgets(Balloon assisted scope,third eye retroscope,NaviAid g-EYE,dye-based chromoendoscopy,virtual chromoendoscopy,narrow band imaging,i-SCAN,etc.)have made colonoscopy more comfortable and *** in-vivo microscopy can be performed using confocal laser endomicroscopy,optical coherence tomography,spectroscopy,*** developments in diagnostic colonoscopy,therapeutic colonoscopy has improved to manage lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding,obstruction,perforations,resection polyps,and early colorectal *** introduction of combined endo-laparoscopic surgery and robotic endoscopic surgery has made these interventions *** role of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and management of colorectal diseases is also increasing day by ***,this article is to review cutting-edge developments in endoscopic principles for the management of colorectal diseases.

关键词： Colorectal disorders Ultra-minimally invasive scopes Advanced gadgets Endoscopic intervention Combined endo-laparoscopic surgery

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Is it necessary to stop glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists prior to endoscopic procedure? A retrospective study

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2024年第26期30卷 3221-3228页

作者： Haider ghazanfar Nismat Javed Abeer Qasim Franklin Sosa Faryal Altaf Shazia Khan Jaydeep Mahasamudram Abhilasha Jyala Sameer Datta Kandhi Dongmin Shin Nikhitha Mantri Haozhe Sun Siddarth Hanumanthu Harish Patel Jasbir Makker Bhavna Balar anil Dev Sridhar Chilimuri Division of gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineBronxCare Health SystemIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiBronxNY 10457United States Department of Internal Medicine BronxCare Health SystemIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiBronxNY 10457United States

BACKgROUND glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(gLP-1 RA)are effective in diabetes and obesity,reducing hyperglycemia by increasing insulin release and delaying gastric ***,they can cause gastroparesis,raising concerns about aspiration during *** guidelines advise discontinuing gLP-1 RA before surgery to reduce the risk of pulmonary *** To evaluate the effect of gLP-1 RAs on gastric residual contents during endosco-pic *** A retrospective chart review at BronxCare Health System,New York,from January 2019 to October 2023,assessed gastric residue and aspiration in gLP-1 RA patients undergoing endoscopic *** groups were compared based on dietary status before the *** included demographics,symptoms of gastroparesis,opiate use,hemoglobin A1c,gLP-1 agonist indication,endo-scopic details,and aspiration *** SPSS was used for analysis,cal-culating means,standard deviations,and applying Pearson’s chi-square and t-tests for associations,with Pg *** During the study,306 patients were included,with 41.2%on a clear liquid/low residue diet and 58.8%on a regular diet before *** patients(63.1%)were male,with a mean age of 60±12 *** majority(85.6%)were on gLP-1 RAs for diabetes,and 10.1%reported digestive symptoms before *** those on a clear liquid diet,1.5%had residual food at endoscopy compared to 10%on a regular diet,which was statistically significant(P=0.03).Out of 31 patients with digestive symptoms,13%had residual food,all from the regular diet group(P=0.130).No complications were reported during or after the *** The study reflects a significant rise in gLP-1 RA use for diabetes and obesity.A 24-hour liquid diet seems safe for endoscopic procedures without *** with upper gastrointestinal symptoms might have a higher residual food risk,though not statistically *** research is needed

关键词： glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists gastroparesis Endoscopic procedures Residual food Complications

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Empirical Wavelet Transform Based Method for Identification and Analysis of Sub-synchronous Oscillation Modes Using PMU Data

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第1期12卷 34-40页

作者： Joice g.Philip Jaesung Jung Ahmet Onen the Department of Energy Systems Research Ajou UniversitySuwonSouth Korea the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Abdullah Gul UniversityKayseri38080Turkey the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of EngineeringSultan Qaboos UniversityAl-KhoudMuscatOman

This paper proposes an empirical wavelet transform(EWT)based method for identification and analysis of sub-synchronous oscillation(SSO)modes in the power system using phasor measurement unit(PMU)*** phasors from PMUs are preprocessed to check for the presence of *** the presence is established,the signal is decomposed using EWT and the parameters of the mono-components are estimated through Yoshida *** superiority of the proposed method is tested using test signals with known parameters and simulated using actual SSO signals from the Hami Power grid in Northwest *** show the effectiveness of the proposed EWT-Yoshida method in detecting the SSO and estimating its parameters.

关键词： Empirical wavelet transform(EWT) sub-synchronous oscillation Prony-based method Yoshida algorithm variational mode decomposition phasor measurement unit(PMU)

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Novel PA encapsulated PCL hybrid coating for corrosion inhibition of biodegradable Mg alloys:A triple triggered self-healing response for synergistic multiple protection

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第4期11卷 1440-1460页

作者： Navdeep Singh grewal Uma Batra Kamal kumar anil Mahapatro Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Punjab Engineering CollegeChandigarh 160012India Department of Mechanical Engineering Punjab Engineering CollegeChandigarh 160012India Department of Biomedical Engineering Wichita State UniversityWichitaKS 67260USA

Surface coatings have been extensively used to control the degradation rate of Mg alloys for bioimplant ***,these coatings only act as passive *** corrosive media,structural damage impairs their barrier properties,resulting in rapid degradation of Mg *** present study incorporates phytic acid(PA)as a healing agent in polycaprolactone(PCL)microcapsules with a unique honeycomb core matrix to obtain a self-healing PA-PCLcaps *** contact between simulated body fluid(SBF)and PA-PCLcaps coated ZM21 exhibited Cassie-Baxter interfacial states,resulting in significant hydrophobicity with a contact angle(CA)of *** corrosion potential(Ecorr)and current density(Icorr)were found to be-0.28 V and 1.1×10^(-9)A/cm^(2),respectively,for PA-PCLcaps coating,resulting in biosafe corrosion rate of 2.5×10^(-4)mm/*** mechanical scratching,rapid HA mineralization at scratched regions recovered the hydrogen evolution rate(HER,0.36 mL/cm^(2)/day)and pH change(pH 7.10)of scratched PA-PCLcaps coated ZM21 samples to corresponding unscratched samples within one day of *** coating’s self-healing ability could be attributed to PA released from punctured microcapsules,which facilitates HA *** pH-triggered(pH 10)and Mg(II)-triggered(5 mM)conditions enhanced PA release from PA-PCLcaps coating by 2.5 and 3.1 times,*** a result,dense HA mineralization occurred,which protects the coating from structural defects and ensures its durability in stimulating *** findings of present study provide new insight for design of multiple stimuli-feedback based self-healing coatings on biodegradable Mg alloys.

关键词： Self-healing coating Corrosion resistance Magnesium alloy Phytic acid Polycaprolactone microcapsules

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Does the use of double hormone replacement therapy for trauma patient organ donors improve organ recovery for transplant

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 119-125页

作者： Eden M gallegos Tanner Reed Paige Deville Blake Platt Claudia Leonardi Lillian Bellfi Jessica Dufrene Saad Chaudhary John Hunt Lance Stuke Patrick greiffenstein Jonathan Schoen Alan Marr anil Paramesh Alison A Smith Department of Physiology Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLA 70124United States Department of Medicine Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLA 70112United States Department of Surgery Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLA 70112United States Department of Trauma Surgery Tacoma General HospitalTacoma 98405United States Department of Public Health Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New OrleansNew OrleansLA 70112United States Department of Donation Services Louisiana Organ Procurement AgencyCovingtonLA 70433United States Department of Surgery Tulane Transplant InstituteTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA 70112United States

BACKgROUND With an ongoing demand for transplantable organs,optimization of donor management protocols,specifically in trauma populations,is important for obta-ining a high yield of viable organs per *** management of brain-dead potential organ donors(BPODs)is controversial,leading to heterogeneous clinical management *** studies have shown that when levo-thyroxine was combined with other treatments,including steroids,vasopressin,and insulin,BPODs had better organ recovery and survival outcomes were increased for transplant *** To determine if levothyroxine use in combination with steroids in BPODs increased the number of organs donated in trauma *** A retrospective review of adult BPODs from a single level 1 trauma center over ten years was *** criteria included patients who were not solid organ donors,patients who were not declared brain dead(donation after circulatory death),and patients who did not receive steroids in their hospital *** and steroid administration,the number of organs donated,the types of organs donated,and demographic information were *** analyses were performed with Pgroup)vs 19(22%)receiving steroids without levothyroxine(ST group).No differences were observed between the groups for gender,race,pertinent injury factors,age,or other hormone therapies used(P>0.05).In the ST/LT group,68.1%(n=47)donated a high yield(3-5)of organ types per donor compared to 42.1%(n=8)in the ST group(P=0.038).There was no difference in the total number of organ types donated between the groups(P=0.068).CONCLUSION This study suggests that combining levothyroxine and steroid administration increases high-yield organ donation per donor in BPODs in the trauma patient *** to this study include

关键词： Organ donation Trauma Brain death Levothyroxine Hormone replacement therapy Steroids Organ donor Retrospective

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Comparative measurement of CO_(2),CH_(4)and CO at two traffic interjunctions having inflated vehicular flow in Delhi

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第7期141卷 314-329页

作者： Komal Daya Soni Khem Singh Shankar g.Aggarwal CSIR-National Physical Laboratory Dr.K.S.Krishnan MargNew Delhi 110012India Academy of Scientific&Innovative Research(AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002India

Vehicular emissions are considered one of the major anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases and poor air quality in metropolitan *** study aims to see the correlation of CO_(2),CH_(4),and CO through monitoring over a period from December 2020 to October 2021 covering three seasons’winter,summer,and monsoon at two different traffic locations of Delhi having different traffic volumes,road patterns,and traffic *** annual average morning concentration of CO_(2),CH_(4)and CO was found(533±105),(7.3±3.1),(10.7±3.0)ppm at Najafgarh and(480±70),(5.2±1.8),(7.8±2.8)ppm at Rajendra Place,respectively.A relationship between concentration of all three gases and meteorological parameters such as temperature,humidity,wind speed and wind direction has also been investigated using Pearson correlation coefficient and pollution rose diagram.A comparable pattern in concentration was observed for all three gases in spatial(location)and temporal(diurnal)*** concentration trend of CO_(2)in different seasons is winter>summer>monsoon,while in the case of CH_(4)winter=summer>monsoon but not any seasonal trend was noted in CO *** is observed that CO_(2)has a good relation with CO(a tracer for vehicular emission)in terms of diurnal variation,whereas,CH_(4)does not represent a relation with CO and CO_(2)diurnally,suggesting that vehicles are the source of CO_(2)but not much contributing to other greenhouse gases like CH_(4).

关键词： Vehicular emission greenhouse gases Harmful pollutants Meteorological parameters

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N×N Clos Digital Cross-Connect Switch Using Quantum Dot Cellular Automata(QCA)

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第6期45卷 2901-2917页

作者： Amita Asthana anil kumar Preeta Sharan Amity University Lucknow226028India The Oxford College of Engineering Bangalore560019India

Quantum dot cellular automata(QCA)technology is emerging as a future technology which designs the digital circuits at quantum *** tech-nology has gained popularity in terms of designing digital circuits,which occupy very less area and less power dissipation in comparison to the present comple-mentary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)*** designing the rou-ters at quantum levels with non-blocking capabilities various multi-stage networks have been *** manuscript presents the design of the N×NClos switch matrix as a multistage interconnecting network using quantum-dot cellular automata *** design of the Clos switch matrix presented in the article uses three input majority gates(Mg).To design the 4×4 Clos switch matrix,a basic 2×2 switch architecture has been proposed as a basic *** 2×2 switching matrix(SM)design presented in the manuscript utilizes three input majority ***,the 2×2 SM has been proposed usingfive input majority *** different approaches(1&2)have been presented for designing 2×2 SM usingfive input majority *** 2×2 SM design based on three input majority gate utilizes four zone clocking scheme to allow signal ***,the clocking scheme used in 2×2 SM using three input Mg and in 2×2 SM approach 1 usingfive input Mg is *** 2×2 SM approach 2 design,utilizes the clocking scheme in which clocks can be applied by electricfield generators easily and in turn the switch element becomes physically *** simulation results conclude that the 2×2 SM is suitable for designing a 4×4 Clos network.A higher order of input-output switching matrix,supporting more number of users can utilize the proposed designs.

关键词： Quantum dot cellular automata(QCA) clos switch network 2×2 switching matrix(SM) QCA designer majority gate(Mg)

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Study of hybrid nanofluid flow in a stationary cone-disk system with temperature-dependent fluid properties

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第4期45卷 677-694页

作者： A.S.JOHN B.MAHANTHESH g.LORENZINI Center for Mathematical Needs Department of MathematicsCHRIST(Deemed to be University)Karnataka 560029India School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences The University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyTexas 78539U.S.A. Department of Engineering and Architecture University of ParmaParma 43124Italy

Cone-disk systems find frequent use such as conical diffusers,medical devices,various rheometric,and viscosimetry *** this study,we investigate the three-dimensional flow of a water-based Ag-Mg O hybrid nanofluid in a static cone-disk system while considering temperature-dependent fluid *** the variable fluid properties affect the dynamics and heat transfer features is studied by Reynolds's linearized model for variable viscosity and Chiam's model for variable thermal *** single-phase nanofluid model is utilized to describe convective heat transfer in hybrid nanofluids,incorporating the experimental *** model is developed as a coupled system of convective-diffusion equations,encompassing the conservation of momentum and the conservation of thermal energy,in conjunction with an incompressibility condition.A self-similar model is developed by the Lie-group scaling transformations,and the subsequent self-similar equations are then solved *** influence of variable fluid parameters on both swirling and non-swirling flow cases is ***,the Nusselt number for the disk surface is *** is found that an increase in the temperature-dependent viscosity parameter enhances heat transfer characteristics in the static cone-disk system,while the thermal conductivity parameter has the opposite effect.

关键词： hybrid nanofluid cone-disk system laminar flow variable fluid property Nusselt number

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The great catastrophe: causes of the Permo-Triassic marine mass extinction

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 37-50页

作者： Paul B.Wignall David P.g.Bond School of Earth & Environment University of Leeds School of Environmental Sciences University of Hull

The marine losses during the Permo-Triassic mass extinction were the worst ever experienced. All groups were badly affected, especially amongst the benthos(e.g. brachiopods, corals, bryozoans, foraminifers,ostracods). Planktonic populations underwent a fundamental change with eukaryotic algae being replaced by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, green-sulphur bacteria, sulphate-reducing bacteria and prasinophytes. Detailed studies of boundary sections, especially those in South China, have resolved the crisis to a ～55 kyr interval straddling the Permo-Triassic boundary. Many of the losses occur at the beginning and end of this interval painting a picture of a two-phase extinction. Improved knowledge of the extinction has been supported by numerous geochemical studies that allow diverse proposed extinction mechanisms to be studied. A transition from oxygenated to anoxic-euxinic conditions is seen in most sections globally, although the intensity and timing shows regional variability. Decreased ocean ventilation coincides with rapidly rising temperatures and many extinction scenarios attribute the losses to both anoxia and high *** kill mechanisms include ocean acidification for which there is conflicting support from geochemical proxies and, even less likely, siltation(burial under a massive influx of terrigenous sediment) which lacks substantive sedimentological evidence. The ultimate driver of the catastrophic changes at the end of the Permian was likely Siberian Trap eruptions and their associated carbon dioxide emissions with consequences such as warming, ocean stagnation and acidification. Volcanic winter episodes stemming from Siberian volcanism have also been linked to the crisis, but the short-term nature of these episodes(g evidence for rapid warming during the crisis makes this an unlikely cause. Finally, whilst the extinction is well studied in equatorial latitudes, a different history is found in northern Boreal latitudes

关键词： ocean anoxia ocean acidification siltation productivity collapse volcanic winter

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