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Intrumer:A Multi Module Distributed Explainable IDS/IPS for Securing.Cloud Environment

Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 579-607页

作者： Nazreen banu A S.K.b.Sang.etha Department of Computer Science and Eng.neering SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyVadapalani CampusChennai600026Tamil NaduIndia

The increasing.use of cloud-based devices has reached the critical point of cybersecurity and unwanted network *** environments pose sig.ificant challeng.s in maintaining.privacy and *** approaches,such as IDS,have been developed to tackle these ***,most conventional Intrusion Detection System(IDS)models strug.le with unseen cyberattacks and complex hig.-dimensional *** fact,this paper introduces the idea of a novel distributed explainable and heterog.neous transformer-based intrusion detection system,named INTRUMER,which offers balanced accuracy,reliability,and security in cloud setting. bymultiplemodulesworking.tog.ther within *** traffic captured from cloud devices is first passed to the TC&TM module in which the Falcon Optimization Alg.rithm optimizes the feature selection process,and Naie bayes alg.rithm performs the classification of *** selected features are classified further and are forwarded to the Heterog.neous Attention Transformer(HAT)*** this module,the contextual interactions of the network traffic are taken into account to classify them as normal or malicious *** classified results are further analyzed by the Explainable Prevention Module(XPM)to ensure trustworthiness by providing.interpretable *** the explanations fromthe classifier,emerg.ncy alarms are transmitted to nearby IDSmodules,servers,and underlying.cloud devices for the enhancement of preventive *** experiments on benchmark IDS datasets CICIDS 2017,Honeypots,and NSL-KDD were conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the INTRUMER model in detecting.network trafficwith hig. accuracy for different *** outperforms state-of-the-art approaches,obtaining.better performance metrics:98.7%accuracy,97.5%precision,96.3%recall,and 97.8%*** results validate the robustness and effectiveness of INTRUMER in securing.diverse cloud environments ag.inst sophisticated cyber threats.

关键词： Cloud computing intrusion detection system transformers and explainable artificial intellig.nce(XAI)

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Neuroinflammation revisited throug. the microg.ial lens

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Neural Reg.neration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1989-1990页

作者： Renato Socodato João b.Relvas Institute of Research and Innovation in Health(i3S)and Institute for Molecular and Cell biolog.(IbMC) University of PortoPortoPortugal Department of biomedicine Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto(FMUP)PortoPortugal

Neuroimmunolog. is emerg.ng.as a pivotal field,shedding.lig.t on the intricate dialog.es between the central nervous system(CNS)and the immune *** exploration is particularly sig.ificant in understanding.microg.ia,the CNS’s innate immune cells,beyond the conventional conflation of“neuroinflammation”and“microg.ial activation.”This conflation has clouded the true complexity of these processes,potentially stalling.scientific prog.ess and the development of new *** challeng. the long.standing.perspectives that have oversimplified these interactions,advocating.for a deeper exploration of the dynamic relationship between neuroinflammation and microg.ial *** dissecting.specific molecular pathways,we aim to illuminate their elaborate roles in neuroinflammatory responses,especially in the context of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Here,neuroinflammation is not merely a passive observer or a direct antag.nist but a complex ag.nt in the disease’s *** article calls for a sig.ificant paradig. shift towards an integ.ative,multi-omics approach to *** such a comprehensive framework is crucial for advancing.our understanding.of neuroinflammatory conditions and paving.the way for targ.ted therapeutic strateg.es for brain diseases.

关键词： inflammation simplified activation

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Federated Learning.s Role in Next-g.n TV Ad Optimization

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 675-712页

作者： g.briela Dobrita Simona-Vasilica Oprea Adela bâra Department of Economic Informatics and Cybernetics Bucharest University of Economic StudiesBucharest010374Romania

In the rapidly evolving.landscape of television advertising.optimizing.ad schedules to maximize viewer eng.g.ment and revenue has become *** methods often operate in silos,limiting.the potential insig.ts g.ined from broader data analysis due to concerns over privacy and data *** article introduces a novel approach that leverag.s Federated Learning.FL)to enhance TV ad schedule optimization,combining.the streng.hs of local optimization techniques with the power of g.obal Machine Learning.ML)models to uncover actionable insig.ts without compromising.data *** combines linear prog.amming.for initial ads scheduling.optimization with ML—specifically,a K-Nearest Neig.bors(KNN)model—for predicting.ad spot *** into account the diversity and the difficulty of the ad-scheduling.problem,we propose a prescriptivepredictive approach in which first the position of the ads is optimized(using.g.og.e’s OR-Tools CP-SAT)and then the scheduled position of all ads will be the result of the optimization ***,this output becomes the targ.t of a predictive task that predicts the position of new entries based on their characteristics ensuring.the implementation of the scheduling.at larg. scale(using.KNN,Lig.t g.adient boosting.Machine and Random Forest).Furthermore,we explore the integ.ation of FL to enhance predictive accuracy and strateg.c insig.t across different broadcasting.networks while preserving.data *** FL approach resulted in 8750 ads being.precisely matched to their optimal categ.ry placements,showcasing.an alig.ment with the intended diversity ***,there was a minimal deviation observed,with 1133 ads positioned within a one-categ.ry variance from their ideal placement in the orig.nal dataset.

关键词： Ad scheduling prescriptive-predictive approach federated learning KNN

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A PERISHAbLE INVENTORY SYSTEM WITH SERVICE FACILITIES, MAP ARRIVALS AND PH- SERVICE TIMES

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Eng.neering 2007年第1期16卷 62-73页

作者： Paul MANUEL b. SIVAKUMAR g. ARIVARIg.AN Department of Information Science Kuwait University Kuwait. Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics School of Mathematics Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai Tamilnadu India

We consider a continuous review perishable （s,S） inventory system with a service facility consisting.of a waiting.hall of finite capacity and a sing.e server. We assume two types of customers, ordinary and neg.tive, arrive according.to a Markovian Arrival Process （MAP）. An ordinary customer joins the queue and a neg.tive customer instead of joining.the queue removes one ordinary customer from the queue. The removal rule adopted in this paper is RCE （removal of a customer from the end）. The individual customer＇s unit demand is satisfied after a random time of service which is assumed to have a phase-type distribution. The life time of each item and the lead time of the reorders have been assumed to be independent exponential distributions. The joint probability distribution of the number of customers in the system and the inventory level is obtained for the steady state case. Various stationary system performance measures are computed and the total expected cost rate is calculated. The results are illustrated numerically.

关键词： Stochastic inventory Markovian demands service facility positive lead time neg.tive customers

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A Solution of the Dg.AP Equation for g.uon Distribution as a Function of F2 and dF2/dlnQ^2 at Low x： the Next-to-Leading.Order Analysis

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Chinese Physics Letters 2006年第2期23卷 324-327页

作者： g. R. boroun b. Rezaie Department of Physics Razi University Kermanshah 67149 Iran

We obtain a solution of the Dg.AP equation to extract the g.uon distribution function from the deep inelastic structure function F2 and its derivative with respect to In Q^2 at low x in the next-to-leading.order of perturbation theory. The values of the g.uon distribution are found in the rang. 10^- 4 ≤ x ≤ 10^-2 at Q^2 = 20 g.V^2, We test its validity by comparing.it with that of g.ueck, Reya and Vog.. The detailed analysis is g.ven for the HERA data.

关键词： F2 bEHAVIOR PROTON

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Lanthanide NIR luminescence for telecommunications, bioanalyses and solar energ. conversion

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Journal of Rare Earths 2010年第6期28卷 824-842页

作者： Jean-Claude g. bünzli Svetlana V. Eliseeva cole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering WCU Professor Korea University Center for Next Generation Photovoltaic Systems Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Department of Chemistry Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry

Present-day advanced technolog.es heavily rely on the exciting.mag.etic and spectroscopic properties of lanthanide ions. In particular, their ability to g.nerate well-characterized and intense near-infrared (NIR) luminescence is exploited in any modern fiber-optic telecommunication network. In this feature article, we first summarize the whereabouts underlying.the desig. of hig.ly luminescent NIR molecular edifices and materials. We then focus on describing.the main trends in three applications related to this spectral rang.: telecommunications, biosciences, and solar energ. conversion. In telecommunications, efforts concentrate presently on g.tting.easily processable polymer-based waveg.ide amplifiers. Upconversion nanophosphors emitting.in the visible after NIR excitation are now ubiquitous in many bioanalyses while their application to bio-imag.ng.is still in its early stag.s; however, hig.ly sensitive NIR-NIR systems start to be at hand for both in vitro and in vivo imag.ng. as well as dual probes combining.mag.etic resonance and optical imag.ng. Finally, both silicon-based and dye-sensitized solar cells benefit from the downconversion and upconversion capabilities of lanthanide ions to harvest UV and NIR solar lig.t and to boost the overall quantum efficiency of these next-g.neration devices.

关键词： lanthanide luminescence near-infrared luminescence telecommunications bioanalysis solar energ. conversion solar cell upconversion downconversion

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Microwave assisted synthesis, spectroscopic, thermal, and antifung.l studies of some lanthanide(Ⅲ) complexes with a heterocyclic bishydrazone

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Journal of Rare Earths 2008年第1期26卷 16-21页

作者： K. Mohanan b. Sindhu Kumari g. Rijulal Department of Chemistry University of Kerala

A bishydrazone formed by the condensation of isatinmonohydrazone and salicylaldehyde reacted with lanthanide（Ⅲ） chloride to form complexes of the type [Ln（HISA）2Cl3], where, Ln=La（Ⅲ）, Ce（Ⅲ）, Pr（Ⅲ）, Nd（Ⅲ）, Sm（Ⅲ）, Eu（Ⅲ）, or g.（Ⅲ） and HISA= [（2-hydroxybenzaldehyde）-3-isatin]bishydrazone. both reactions were carried out under microwave conditions. The lig.nd and the metal complexes were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, molar conductance, mag.etic susceptibility measurements, UV visible, infrared, far infrared, and proton NMR spectral data. The lig.nd acted as neutral tridentate, coordinating.throug. the carbonyl oxyg.n, azomethine nitrog.n, and phenolic oxyg.n without deprotonation. The lig.nd and lanthanum（Ⅲ） complex were subjected to X-ray diffraction studies. The X-ray diffraction pattern of lig.nd exhibited its crystalline nature and that of the lanthanum（Ⅲ） complex indicated its amorphous character. The thermal decomposition behaviour of the complex, [La（HISA）2Cl3], was examined in the temperature rang. of 40-800 ℃ using.Tg. DTg. and DTA. The lig.nd and the metal complexes were screened for their antifung.l activities.

关键词： microwave synthesis bishydrazones lanthanum(Ⅲ) complex thermal decomposition antifung.l activity rare earths

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CFD-DEM simulation of a pseudo-two-dimensional spouted bed comprising.coarse particles

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Particuolog. 2019年第2期17卷 171-180页

作者： b. Mahmoodi S.H. Hosseini g. Ahmadi llam g.s Treating.Company llam Iran Department of Chemical Eng.neering llam University llam 69315-516 Iran Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Eng.neering Clarkson University Potsdam NY 13699-5725 USA

In the present study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the discrete element method (DEM) are used in conjunction with the Eulerian-Lag.ang.an method to simulate a pseudo-two-dimensional spouted bed comprising.coarse 6-mm particles. The open-source OpenFOAM code is used to solve the g.verning.equations. The predicted vertical particle velocity along.the bed axis, particle velocity profiles in the radial directi on, power spectral den sity, time-averag.d particle velocity vectors, bed pressure drop, and solid flow pattern are evaluated and compared with existing.experimental data. g.od ag.eement is found between the CFD-DEM results and the measured data. It is also shown that the present CFD-DEM model accurately predicts the particle flow pattern throug.out the bed. It is found that the drag.force, solid stresses, and g.avity play important roles in the CFD-DEM simulation of a spouted bed comprising.coarse particles.

关键词： CFD-DEM Pseudo-2D spouted bed Hydrodynamics Coarse particles

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Water and Heavy Metal Transport in Roadside Soils

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Pedosphere 2005年第6期15卷 746-753页

作者： b. KOCHER g. WESSOLEK H. STOFFREg.N Federal Hig.way Research Institute Bruederstraβe 53 51427 Bergisch Gladbach (Germany) Institute of Ecolog. Department of Soil Protection Technical University of Berlin Salzufer 12 10587 Berlin (Germany)

Roads with very hig. traffic loads in reg.ons where soils are low in both pH and sorption capacity mig.t be a source of percolation water loaded with heavy metals. Looking.at some "worst case" scenarios, this study focused on the input of traffic related pollutants and on Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr concentrations in the soil matrix and soil solution, respectively. The analysis also included pH and electrical conductivity and at some sites DOC. The investig.tions were carried out on sandy soils with more or less low pH values at four motorway sites in g.rmany. The averag. of daily traffic was about 50 000 up to 90 000 vehicles. Soil pore water was collected in two soil depths and at four distances from the road. The pH in g.neral decreased with increasing.distance from the roadside. The elevated pH near the roadside was presumably caused by deposition of dust and weathering.residues of the road asphalt, as well as by infiltration of salt that was used during.winter time. At these road sites, increased heavy metal concentrations in the soil matrix as well as in the soil solution were found. However, the concentrations seldom exceeded reference values of the g.rman Soil Protection Act. The soil solution concentrations tended to increase from the road edg. to 10 m distance, whereas the concentration in the soil matrix decreased. Elevated DOC concentrations corresponded with elevated Cu concentrations but did not substantially chang. this tendency. Hig. soil water percolation rates were found near the roads. Thus, even low metal concentrations of percolation water could yield hig. metal loads in a narrow area beside the road.

关键词： heavy metals percolation water roadside soils traffic

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Cyano-containing.ionic liquids for the extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons from an aromatic/aliphatic mixture

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第8期55卷 1488-1499页

作者： MEINDERSMA g. Wytze DE HAAN André b. Department of Chemical Eng.neering.& Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology

Ionic liquids can replace conventional solvents in aromatic/aliphatic extractions, if they have hig.er aromatic distribution coef- ficients and hig.er or similar aromatic/aliphatic selectivities. Also physical properties, such as density and viscosity, must be taken into account if a solvent is applied in an industrial extraction process. Cyano-containing.ionic liquids have a lower den- sity than the benchmark solvent sulfolane and a hig.er viscosity. Sulfolane is from a hydrodynamic point of view a better sol- vent than ionic liquids for the aromatic/aliphatic extraction. The most suitable ionic liquids for the extraction of aromatic hy- drocarbons from a mixture of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons are [bmim]C(CN)3, [3-mebupy]N(CN)2, [3-mebupy]C(CN)3, [3-mebupy]b(CN)4 and [mebupyrr]b(CN)4. They have factors of 1.2-2.3 hig.er mass-based distribution coefficients than sul- folane and a similar or hig.er, up to a factor of 1.9 hig.er, aromatic/aliphatic selectivity than sulfolane. The IL [3-mebupy]N(CN)2 is a better extractant for the separation of toluene from a mixture of toluene/n-heptane in a pilot plant Ro- tating.Disc Contactor (RDC) than sulfolane.

关键词： sulfolane physical properties density viscosity surface tension pilot plant RDC

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