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The g.neralized Stackelberg.Equilibrium of the Tw.-Person Stopping.g.me

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Journal of the Operations Research Society of China 2024年第1期12卷 155-168页

作者： marek Skarupski Krzysztof J.Szajow.ki Faculty of Pure and Applied Mathematics Wroclaw University of Science and Technology50-370WrocƚawDolonoslaskiePoland

In modeling.the bilateral selection of states of the process,Dynkin(Dokl Akad Nauk USSR 185:241–288,1969)proposed a tw.-person g.me in w.ich players use stopping.moments as *** purpose of this w.rk is to present a model of the g.me in w.ich the players have different information about the process itself,as w.ll as various law. to stop the process and accept its *** g.me model uses the stochastic process apparatus,in particular,the ability to create different filters for the same *** sets of stopping.moments based on different filters are not identical,w.ich allow. us to model different sets of strateg.es for *** show.that the follow.r,by observing.the behavior of a rational leader,can recover information that is lost due to the lack of complete observation of the state of the *** the competition of tw. opponents for the maximum of the ***,one of w.om has access to full information and the other only know. their relative ranks,w. found the g.neralized Stackelberg.*** the priority of a player observing.the relative ranks is less than 50%,then that player modifies his strateg. based on the behavior of the second *** a player w.th full information,information about the behavior of the player observing.the relative ranks is useless.

关键词： No-zero-sum g.me Optional stopping Equilibrium Filtration

Nucleation of Supercooled w.ter by Neutrons: Latitude Dependence and Implications for Cloud Modelling

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 221-232页

作者： Peter w. w.lson Elizabeth w.lson-Park Abraham g. w.lson Department of Physics The University at Albany SUNY Albany USA Scripps Institution of Oceanog.aphy University of California San Diego USA Philanthropy Australia Sydney Australia The King.#8217 s Institute The King&#8217s School Parramatta Australia

It has recently been show. that incident particles, neutrons, can initiate the freezing.in a supercooled w.ter volume. This new.finding.may have ramifications for the interpretation of both experimental data on the nucleation of laboratory samples of supercooled w.ter and perhaps more importantly on the interpretation of ice nucleation involved in cloud physics. For example, if some fraction of the cloud nucleation previously attributed to dust, soot, or aerosols has been caused by cosmog.nic neutrons, fresh consideration is required in the context of climate models. Moreover, as cosmog.nic neutrons, most being.muon-induced, have much g.eater flux at hig. latitudes, estimates of ice nucleates in these reg.ons may be larg.r than required to accurately model cloud and condensation properties. This discrepancy has been pointed out in IPCC reports. Our paper discusses the connection betw.en the new.concept of neutrons nucleating.supercooled w.ter and the need for a new.source of nucleation in hig. latitude clouds, ideally causing.others to review.current data, or to analyse future data w.th this idea in mind. .

关键词： Climate Models Ice Nucleation Neutrons Supercooling

Implementation of Fuzzy Log.c Control into an Equivalent Minimization Strateg. for Adaptive Energ. Manag.ment of A Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle

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Journal of Transportation Technolog.es 2024年第1期14卷 88-118页

作者： Jared A. Diethorn Andrew.C. Nix Mario g. Perhinschi w. Scott w.yne Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Eng.neering West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA

As g.vernment ag.ncies continue to tig.ten emissions reg.lations due to the continued increase in g.eenhouse g.s production, automotive industries are seeking.to produce increasing.y efficient vehicle technolog.. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have been introduced to mitig.te problems w.ile improving.fuel economy. HEVs have led to the demand of creating.more advanced controls softw.re to consider multiple components for propulsive pow.r in a vehicle. A larg. section in the softw.re development process is the implementation of an optimal energ. manag.ment strateg. meant to improve the overall fuel efficiency of the vehicle. Optimal strateg.es can be implemented w.en driving.conditions are know. a prior. The Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strateg. (ECMS) is an optimal control strateg. that uses an equivalence factor to equate electrical to mechanical pow.r w.en performing.torque split determination betw.en the internal combustion eng.ne and electric motor for propulsive and reg.nerative torque. This equivalence factor is determined from offline vehicle simulations using.a sensitivity analysis to provide optimal fuel economy results w.ile maintaining.predetermined hig. voltag. battery state of charg. (SOC) constraints. w.en the control hierarchy is modified or different driving.styles are applied, the analysis must be redone to update the equivalence factor. The g.al of this w.rk is to implement a fuzzy log.c controller that dynamically updates the equivalence factor to improve fuel economy, maintain a strict charg. sustaining.w.ndow.of operation for the hig. voltag. battery, and reduce computational time required during.alg.rithm development. The adaptive alg.rithm is validated ag.inst g.obal optimum fuel economy and charg. sustaining.results from a sensitivity analysis performed for multiple drive cycles. Results show.a maximum fuel economy improvement of 9.82% w.en using.a mild driving.style and a 95% success rate w.en maintaining.an ending.SOC w.thin 5% of th

关键词： Hybrid Electric Vehicle Fuzzy Log.c Adaptive Control Charg. Sustainability

Differential roles of seed and sprout reg.neration in forest diversity and productivity after disturbance

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 371-380页

作者： marek Mejstrík Martin Svatek Martina Pollastrini Martin Sramek Radim Matula Department of Forest Ecolog. Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueKamýcka 12916500PragueCzech Republic Department of Forest Botany Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoZemedelska 361300BrnoCzech Republic Department of Ag.iculture FoodEnvironment and ForestryUniversity of FirenzePiazzale Delle Cascine 2850144FirenzeItaly

Natural reg.neration after disturbances is a key phase of forest development,w.ich determines the trajectory of successional chang.s in tree species composition and *** trees can orig.nate from either seeds or sprouts produced by disturbed trees w.th sprouting.*** both reg.neration strateg.es often develop and co-occur after a disturbance,they tend to affect forest development differently due to sig.ificant functional ***,the orig.n of tree reg.neration is rarely disting.ished in post-disturbance forest surveys and ecolog.cal studies,and the differential roles of seed and sprout reg.neration in forest productivity and diversity remain poorly *** address these research g.ps,w. explored the role of sprout and seed reg.neration in the formation of w.ody species diversity and above-g.ound biomass(Ag.)productivity in early-stag. forest *** w.re collected in tw. experimental forest stands in the Czech Republic,w.ere trees w.re cut w.th varying.intensities w.th the density of residual(uncut)trees rang.ng.from 0 to 275 trees per *** trees w.re mapped and their sizes w.re measured before cutting.and then,either as a stump w.th sprouts or a residual tree,remeasured 11 years *** addition,all tree sapling. w.re mapped and measured 11 years after log.ing.and their orig.n(sprout or seed)w.s *** assess abundances and productivity,w. estimated Ag. of all2,685 sprouting.stumps of 19 w.ody species and 504 g.nerative(i.e.,seed orig.n)individuals of 16 w.ody species,using.allometric ***-effects models w.re used to analyze the effects of each reg.neration strateg. on w.ody species diversity and the total Ag. under varying.densities of residual *** multidimensional scaling.w.s used to evaluate the effect of reg.neration strateg.es on species *** and diversity of sprouts w.re sig.ificantly hig.er than those of seed *** formed on averag.97.1%of

关键词： Resprouting Seeding Residual trees Tree diversity Above-g.ound biomass

Early response of understory veg.tation to the mass dieback of Norw.y spruce in the European low.and temperate forest

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第2期11卷 214-225页

作者： Jan marek Matuszkiew.cz Andrzej N.Affek Piotr Zaniew.ki Ew. Kołaczkow.ka Faculty of g.og.aphy and Reg.onal Studies University of WarsawPoland Institute of g.og.aphy and Spatial Org.nization Polish Academy of SciencesPoland Institute of Forest Sciences Warsaw University of Life SciencesPoland

Spruce-dominated forests are commonly exposed to disturbances associated w.th mass occurrences of bark *** dieback of trees trig.ers many physical and chemical processes in the ecosystem resulting.in rapid chang.s in the veg.tation of the low.r forest *** aimed to determine the response of non-tree understory veg.tation to the mass dieback of Norw.y spruce(Picea abies)in the first years after the disturbance caused by the European spruce bark beetle(Ips typog.aphus)*** study area w.s the Białow.eża Biosphere Reserve covering.the Polish part of the emblematic Białow.eża Forest,in total 597km^(2).The main data source comprised 3,900 phytosociolog.cal relevés(combined spring.and summer campaig.s)collected from 1,300 systematically distributed forest sites in 2016–2018–the peak years of the bark beetle *** found that the understory responded immediately to mass spruce dieback,w.th the most pronounced chang.s observed in the year of the disturbance and the subsequent ***-tolerant forest species declined in the initial years follow.ng.the mass spruce dieback,w.ile hemicryptophytes,therophytes,lig.t-demanding.species associated w.th non-forest seminatural communities,as w.ll as w.ter-demanding.forest species,*** acetosella,the most common understory species in the Białow.eża Forest,show.d a distinct fluctuation pattern,w.th strong.short-term expansion rig.t after spruce dieback,follow.d by a g.adual decline over the next 3–4 years to a cover level 5 percentag. points low.r than before the ***,our study revealed that mass spruce dieback selectively affects individual herb species,and their responses can be directional and non-directional(fluctuation).Furthermore,w. demonstrated that the mass dieback of spruce temporarily increases plant species diversity(α-diversity).

关键词： Forest disturbance Bark beetle outbreak Picea abies Ips typog.aphus Response of understory veg.tation Herbaceous species Biaow.eza Forest

Planting.g.ometry Effects on the g.ow.h and Yield of Dryland Cotton

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Ag.icultural Sciences 2018年第1期9卷 99-116页

作者： R. L. Baumhardt R. C. Schw.rtz g. w. marek J. M. Bell Soil and w.ter Manag.ment Research Conservation and Production Research Laboratory USDA-ARS Bushland TX USA Ag.onomy Texas A & M AgriLife Research and Extension Amarillo TX USA

The declining.Og.llala Aquifer beneath the Southern Hig. Plains may necessitate dryland crop production and cotton (g.ssypium hirsutum L.) is a w.ll-adapted and potentially profitable alternative crop. The limited g.ow.ng.season duration of the Texas Panhandle and southw.stern Kansas, how.ver, imposes sig.ificant production risk due to incomplete boll maturation. Emphasizing.earlier boll production that is usually confined to sites on low.r fruiting.branches may reduce risk, but offsetting.hig. planting.densities are needed to maintain desirable lint yield. Our objectives w.re to quantify planting. 1) row.w.dth and 2) in-row.spacing.effects on g.ow.h, yield, and fiber quality of dryland cotton. Field tests of row.w.dths from 0.25 to 0.76 m and plant densities w.th in-row.spacing.rang.ng.from 0.075 to 0.15 m w.re conducted from 1999 to 2005 on a nearly level Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll) manag.d in a w.eat (Triticum aestivum L.), cotton, fallow.(w.Ctn-F) rotation. To expand the basis of comparison, cotton g.ow.h and yields w.re simulated using.g.SSYM and long.term (1958-2000) w.ather records from Bushland, TX, as input for all combinations of 0.38 or 0.76 m row.w.dths and plant spacing.of 0.075, 0.10 and 0.15 m. Experimental and computer simulated plant heig.t and harvested boll number increased sig.ificantly w.th increased row.spacing.and, occasionally, in-row.plant spacing. Modeled lint yield for 0.38 m row. decreased by approximately 50% compared w.th the 582 kg.ha-1 yield for conventional row.spacing. w.ich w.s practically duplicated by field observations in 2001 and 2004. Measured fiber quality occasionally improved w.th conventional row.spacing.over ultra-narrow.row., but w.s unaffected by plant spacing. Because narrow.row. and frequent plant spacing.did not improve lint yield or fiber quality of dryland cotton, w. do not recommend this strateg. to overcome a thermally limited g.ow.ng.season.

关键词： Dryland Crop Production Thermally Limited g.ow.ng Season Ultra-Narrow Row Spacing

Orig.ns of perturbations in dayside equatorial g.ound mag.etog.ams

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 215-221页

作者： Syau-Yun w.Hsieh David g.Sibeck The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA NASA g.ddard Space Flig.t Center GreenbeltMarylandUSA

To determine the cause(s)of perturbations seen in dayside equatorial g.ound mag.etog.ams,w. conducted a systematic survey of simultaneous g.ound-based and g.osynchronous satellite-based observations during.the 90-day period from December 1,2020 to February 28,*** examined Huancayo g.ound mag.etometer observations from 14:00:00 to 20:00:00 UT each day,during.w.ich Huancayo passed throug. local *** those data w. chose perturbation events selected on the basis of larg.(>20 nT)event amplitude and classified the selected events as responding.primarily to solar w.nd pressure,or to variations in the north/south component of the interplanetary mag.etic field(IMF Bz),or perhaps in part to *** results show.that an equivalent number of events w.re identified for each model during.this 90-day *** in the lag.ed solar w.nd dynamic pressure routinely correspond to nearly simultaneous sudden impulses recorded at both g.osynchronous orbit and on the *** in IMF Bz produce erosion sig.atures at g.osynchronous orbit and can correspond to g.ound events if lag.times for reconnection to enhance convection in the mag.etosphere are taken into account.

关键词： dayside mag.etosphere dayside equatorial ionosphere g.osynchronous mag.etic field

Barosinusitis due to routine w.ather chang.s:A cross-sectional analysis of public w.bsites

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w.rld Journal of Otorhinolaryng.log.-Head and Neck Surg.ry 2024年第1期10卷 18-23页

作者： James C.Campbell Julia E.Canick Philip g.Chen Ralph Abi Hachem David w.Jang Department of Head and Neck Surg.ry&Communication Sciences Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Duke University School of Medicine DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Otolaryng.log.-Head and Neck Surg.ry University of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA

Backg.ound:Sinusitis is a common diag.osis that can be erroneously associated w.th routine w.ather‐related barometric pressure *** actuality,these pressure chang.s likely exacerbate mig.aine headaches,w.ich can cause facial pain and pressure rather than true sinus ***:The present study soug.t to characterize the representation of both sinusitis and mig.aine in association w.th barometric pressure chang.s across w.bsites on the ***:An Internet search for relevant terms w.s conducted,and content of the resulting.pag.s w.s assessed for associations betw.en w.ather‐related pressure chang.s and either sinusitis or *** in reported results across different subtypes of Internet sources w.re *** primary outcomes measured w.re(1)w.ether a g.ven media source associated barometric w.ather chang.s w.th sinusitis,(2)w.ether that source associated barometric w.ather chang.s w.th mig.aine,and(3)treatment options offered by that ***:Of the 116 included w.bpag.s,36(31.03%)associated sinusitis and routine barometric pressure *** these,10(27.77%)w.re otolaryng.log. practice ***‐seven w.bpag.s(57.76%)associated mig.aine and routine barometric pressure *** these,nonotolaryng.log. w.bpag.s w.re more likely to report this ***:Otolaryng.log. practice sites w.re observed to be the most frequent professional medical resource reporting.the unsubstantiated claim that routine barometric pressure chang.s are associated w.th *** sources w.re more likely to link w.ather‐related pressure chang.s to *** results sug.est that opportunities exist for otolaryng.log. practice sites to educate patients about nonrhinog.nic headache etiolog.es.

关键词： acute rhinosinusitis balloon sinus dilation headache mig.aine sinusitis

Photometric Studies of EV Cnc and AH Cnc in the Open Cluster M67

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第8期24卷 198-213页

作者： Mamatha Rani g. K.Sriram Deblina Lahiri Vijaya,A. Department of Astronomy Osmania University

Contact binaries at various stag.s of evolution unveil various operating.mechanisms that drive *** report the photometric and period variation analysis of tw. contact binaries EV Cnc and AH Cnc in open cluster *** observed the cluster from the JCBT 1.3 m telescope and utilized TESS and Kepler *** photometric solutions of EV Cnc and AH Cnc revealed a mass ratio of q～0.41 and～0.15 w.th an inclination of i=42°and87°*** solutions sug.est that EV Cnc is probably a semi-detached and AH Cnc is a deep low.mass ratio contact *** study of O-C variation analysis indicates that for both systems,the period is increasing.w.ich sug.ests the mass transfer is occurring.from secondary to *** the case of AH Cnc and based on simulations by randomly varying.the time of minima to fit the LITE solution,w. noted the third body orbital period to be around P3=26.82±2.54 yr,w.ich is different from earlier reported values and conclude that future observations are required to confirm this *** compare these tw. systems w.th other similar contact binaries to g.t an estimate of the final config.ration of the respective systems.

关键词： (stars:) binaries (including.multiple): close (stars:) binaries: eclipsing stars: activity