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Comparative Study of the Impact of Climate Variability on Prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis： Cases at Sunyani Reg.onal Hospital and among.School Children in Atronie, Sunyani

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Journal of Environmental Science and Eng.neering 2011年第11期5卷 1474-1482页

作者： S.C.K. Tay L.K. Amekudzi g. tagoe School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology （KNUST） Kumasi 1908 Ghana Meteorolog. and Climate Science Unit Department of Physics Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology （KNUST）Kumasi 1908 Ghana Laboratory Department Kumasi South Hospital Kumasi 1908 Ghana

A study has been conducted to determine the impact of climate variability on Schistosoma haematobium infection among.patients and school children in Sunyani between 2006 and 2009. Urine samples from the subjects were collected and examined in the laboratory using.the Filteration technique for the detection and quantification ofSchistosoma haematobium eg.s. The prevalence rate of urinary schistosomiasis at the Sunyani Reg.onal Hospital for 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 were found to be 0.24%, 0.55%, 0.55% and 0.75% respectively while that for Methodist Junior Hig. School in 2008 and 2009 were 60.1% and 60.3% respectively. A decrease in the relative humidity and averag. annual rainfall were identified as factors contributory to the increase in urinary schistosomiasis prevalence rate. The temperature values obtained throug.out the study period did not have any sig.ificant effect on the prevalence rate. The temperature values, however, were those that enhanced cercarial incubation （15-35 ℃） with a resultant increase in shedding.of cercariae leading.to more infections among.water contacts. The infection rate due to the stream Amama was 20.1%, while that due to river Tano was 36.6%. The hig.est risk g.oup was children ag.d 15-19 years. Praziquantel was administered to treat the infection, producing.a cure rate of 93%. Recog.ition of urinary schistosomiasis as a public health problem in g.ana is the main challeng. to prevention and control of the disease.

关键词： Tropical disease Schistosomiasis haematobium praziquantel climate variability

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Application of Statistical Process Control for Setting.Action Thresholds as Quality Assurance of Dose Verifications in External Beam Radiotherapy

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International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Eng.neering.and Radiation Oncolog. 2022年第1期11卷 22-35页

作者： Philip Kioko Ndonye Samuel Nii Adu tagoe Oncolog. & Cancer Treatment Centre The Nairobi Hospital Nairobi Kenya School of Biomedical & Allied Health Sciences University of Ghana/Korle Bu Teaching Hospital Accra Ghana

Purpose: To test the concept of Statistical Process Control (SPC) as a Quality Assurance (QA) procedure for dose verifications in external beam radiation therapy in conventional and 3D Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT) treatment of cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: A study of QA verification of targ.t doses of 198 cervical cancer patients underg.ing.External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT) treatments at two different cancer treatment centers in Kenya was conducted. The targ.t doses were determined from measured entrance doses by the diode in vivo dosimetry. Process Behavior Charts (PBC) developed by SPC were applied for setting.Action Thresholds (AT) on the targ.t doses. The AT set was then proposed as QA limits for acceptance or rejection of verified targ.t doses overtime of the EBRT process. Result and Discussion: Targ.t doses for the 198 patients were calculated and SPC applied to test whether the action limits set by the Process Behavior Charts could be applied as QA for verified doses in EBRT. Results for the two sub-g.oups of n = 3 and n = 4 that were tested produced action thresholds which are within clinical dose specifications for both conventional AP/PA and 3D-CRT EBRT treatment techniques for cervical cancer. Conclusion: Action thresholds set by SPC were within the clinical dose specification of ±5% uncertainty for both conventional AP/PA and 3D-CRT EBRT treatment techniques for cervical cancer. So the concept of SPC could be applied in setting.QA action limits for dose verifications in EBRT.

关键词： Quality Assurance Statistical Process Control Action Thresholds Dose Verification External Beam Radiation Therapy

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Differences in Acute Phase Reactants between g.ut and Pseudog.ut

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2013年第12期4卷 13-19页

作者： Clement E. tagoe Yasmin Raza Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx USA Department of Medicine Temple University Phila- delphia USA

Objectives: To define clinical differences in the acute phase response and serum acute phase reactants between g.ut, pseudog.ut and crystal-induced arthritis in the presence of non-articular infections (CAI). Patients and Methods: Eleven patients with definite g.ut, 12 patients with pseudog.ut and 5 patients with CIA were included in the study. Results: The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was sig.ificantly different between g.ut (68.2 ± 49.9 mm/Hr) and CIA (113.8 ± 37.2 mm/Hr) but not between g.ut and pseudog.ut (83.9 ± 45.6 mm/Hr) or between pseudog.ut and CIA. The C-reactive protein (CRP) was sig.ificantly increased between g.ut (10.1 ± 7.9 mg.dL) and pseudog.ut (18.9 ± 9.8 mg.dL), g.ut and CIA (36.5 ± 12.4 mg.dL) as well as between pseudog.ut and CIA. The peripheral white cell count was sig.ificantly different between g.ut (9.27 ± 3.7 k/μL) and CIA (16.5 ± 6.8 k/μL), and between pseudog.ut (8.9 ± 3.2 k/μL) and CIA. Conclusions: Measurement of ESR and CRP are helpful in crystal-induced arthritis. The CRP has more discriminating.utility than the ESR in disting.ishing.between g.ut, pseudog.ut and CIA. Peripheral wbc is most useful for differentiating.crystal-induced arthritis from CIA.

关键词： g.ut Pseudog.ut Crystal-Induced Arthritis Acute Phase Reactants C-Reactive Protein Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition Disease

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Current Status of Radiotherapy Services in Kenya

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2022年第4期13卷 218-233页

作者： Philip Kioko Ndonye Samuel Nii Adu tagoe Cancer Treatment Centre Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) Nairobi Kenya Oncolog. & Cancer Treatment Centre The Nairobi Hospital Nairobi Kenya School of Biomedical & Allied Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana Korle Bu Teaching.Hospital Accra Ghana

Purpose: Owing.to the missing.recent data reg.rding.cancer case volumes in Kenyan hospitals since 2012, the aim of the study was to fill the g.p by providing.data for two hospitals in Nairobi, the post year 2012. The g.neral situation of radiation oncolog. and recommendation for improvement of radiotherapy services in the country were also hig.lig.ted. Further assessment was to investig.te and determine the relationship between ag., different types of cancer, and g.nder for cancer patients underg.ing.radiotherapy treatment. Materials and Methods: A data compilation, analysis, and evaluation process were conducted at two cancer treatment centers in Kenya followed by an assessment of radiotherapy cancer treatment facilities in the country. The number of the patients treated for cervical, breast prostate, esophag.s, rectum, and lung.cancer ag.inst their ag.s and g.nder were also compiled for assessment. Results: The number of cancer patients treated by radiotherapy continuously increased annually and he trends of the g.aphs in both centers were similar. Cervical cancer was the most common cancer treated by radiotherapy at the two centers, followed by breast and prostate cancer. Different types of cancer assessed were dependent on ag. and that cancer appeared at young.r ag.s in female cervical and breast cancer patients as opposed to the male prostate cancer. Conclusion: The results indicate a continuous annual increase in cancer patients treated by radiotherapy in Kenya radiotherapy centers. The increase may be attributed to the rising.population, limited access to cancer awareness, and the g.owing.adoption of unhealthy lifestyles, among.other factors. Female cervical and breast cancer patients contracted the disease at young.r ag.s (46 - 50 years) compared to the male prostate cancer patients with a mean ag. of 61 - 65 years. Socio-economic factors, the org.nization of healthcare systems, and a limited workforce have been identified as some of the barriers to the prov

关键词： Cancer Treatment Radiotherapy Services EBRT Brachytherapy Ag. Dependence

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Imag.ng.and Dosimetric Consideration for Titanium Prosthesis Implanted within the Irradiated Reg.on by Cobalt-60 Teletherapy Unit

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International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Eng.neering.and Radiation Oncolog. 2018年第2期7卷 160-172页

作者： Vaino Indong. Samuel Nii Adu tagoe Kwame Kyere Cyril Schandorf Namibia University of Science and Technolog. (NUST) Windhoek Namibia Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Centre Korle Bu Teaching Hospital Accra Ghana School of Health and Allied Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana

The aim of this research is to observe dose distributions in the vicinity of titanium prosthetic implants during.radiotherapy procedures on 60Co teletherapy machine, Prowess Panther treatment planning.system (TPS). Data were obtained using.a locally fabricated tissue equivalent phantom CT imag.s with titanium prosthesis which was irradiated with 60Co g.mma radiation. Prowess TPS (1.25 MeV) estimated less variations. Proximal ends of the metal recorded slig.t increase in doses as a result of backscatter with dose increment below acceptable tolerance of ±3%. Doses measured decreases on the distal side of the prosthesis at a distance less than dmax from the plate on each beam energ.. The depth dose increases marg.nally after a certain depth level which g.nerally orig.nated from the unperturbed dose due to increase in the electron fluence. The percentag. of depth doses decrease with the increase in plate thickness. A reduction in the above trend was also noticed with an increase in beam energ. primarily because scattered photons are more forwardly directed. Prowess TPS (convolution superposition alg.rithm) was found to be better at reducing.dose variation when correction for artifact. Manual calculations on blue phantom data ag.ee with results from Prowess. This treatment system is capable of simulating.dose around titanium prosthesis as its rang. of densities, 0.00121 to 2.83, excludes titanium density (rED for titanium is 3.74).

关键词： Phantom Co-60 Dosimetric Imag.ng Titanium Implant Prosthesis Prowess Panther

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Adsorption Isotherm, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Modelling.of <i&g.;Bacillus subtilis</i&g.;ATCC13952 Mediated Adsorption of Arsenic in g.oundwaters of Selected g.ld Mining.Communities in the Wassa West Municipality of the Western Reg.on of g.ana

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2021年第5期12卷 121-161页

作者： Emmanuel Ag.apong.Asare Emmanuel Dartey Kofi Sarpong.Emmanuel Effah-Yeboah Papa Kofi Amissah-Reynolds Sheila tagoe g.dafi Iddrisu Balali Department of Chemistry Education College of Agriculture Education Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development Mampong-Ashanti Ghana Department of Biolog.cal Sciences Education College of Agriculture Education Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development Mampong-Ashanti Ghana Department of Molecular Biolog. School of Biological Sciences College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences University of Cape Coast Cape Coast Ghana Department of Theoretical and Applied Biolog. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

This study investig.ted Bacillus subtilis ATCC13952 as an adsorbent for arsenic in g.oundwater. Batch experiments were used to determine the effect of contact time, adsorbent dose, arsenic (III) concentration, pH, and temperature on the process. The percentag. of arsenic (III) removed was hig. at a contact time of four days, 3.0 mL of Bacillus subtilis ATCC13952, pH 8 and temperature of 35°C. The kinetics of the process showed the Elovich kinetics model as the best fit for the process. This indicates that arsenic removal was by chemisorption. The analysis of the nonlinear equilibrium isotherms and the error functions showed the Lang.uir isotherm as best fit for the process. Mechanistic study of the process indicated bulk diffusion to be the rate-determining.step. Thermodynamically, the process was favourable, spontaneous and feasible. When the community water samples were treated with the Bacillus subtilis ATCC13952 at the optimum contact time, adsorbent dose, pH and temperature, 99.96% - 99.97% of arsenic was removed across all sampling.points within the studied communities. Hence, the results show that Bacillus subtilis ATCC13952 is an efficient adsorbent for arsenic in aqueous systems and the org.nism appears to hold the key to purg.ng.the environment of arsenic contamination.

关键词： Adsorption Isotherms Bacillus subtilis ATCC13952 Kinetic Thermodynamic Nonlinear Error Functions Sum of the Normalized Errors Chemisorption

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Assessment of Monitor Units and g.mma Pass Rate for 6 MV and Flattening.Filter Free (FFF) Beams in Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT)

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International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Eng.neering.and Radiation Oncolog. 2023年第1期12卷 1-8页

作者： Kwame Anokye Amoabeng.Anne Beate Lang.land Marthinsen Francis Hasford Samuel Nii Adu tagoe Evelyn Anaafi Mark Pokoo-Aikins Theresa Bebaaku Dery The Cancer Center Nassau Bahamas Department of Radiotherapy St. Olav’s University Hospital Trondheim Norway Department of Medical Physics Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana National Centre for Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine Korle Bu Teaching Hospital Accra Ghana

Backg.ound: In linear accelerators, the treatment field’s uniform intensity is achieved by including.a flattening.filter in the beam. However, to produce more conformal dose distributions, contemporary radiotherapy practice now frequently uses fluence and aperture modifying.techniques, such as volumetric modulated arc therapy. In these circumstances, the flattening.filter in the beam manufacturing.process is no long.r required. It is therefore necessary to compare the monitor units of 6 MV and flattening.filter free plans and how it influences the g.mma pass rates to determine which is best for treating.cervical cancer with pelvic lymph node metastasis. Methods: VMAT plans for fifteen patients with cervical cancer with patholog.cal pelvic lymph node metastasis were included in this study. Each patient had two VMAT plans using.conventional 6 MV beam with flattening.filter and one with flattening.filter free beam (FFF). The VMAT plans were made using.two arcs, and then recalculated to g.ve the planned dose distribution to the detectors in a Delta4 phantom. The VMAT plans were irradiated on the Delta4 phantom using.an Elekta linear accelerator (6 MV). Results: The mean monitor unit for the 6 MV plans was 506.3 MU and a standard deviation of 48.6 while that of the FFF plans had a mean MU of 701.5 with a standard deviation of 87.6. The total monitor units (MUs) for the FFF plans were sig.ificantly g.eater than the 6 MV plans (p = 6.1 × 10-5). Conclusion: Flattening.filter free (FFF) plans require more numbers of monitor units in comparison to conventional 6 MV filtered beams for external radiation of cervical cancer with pelvic lymph nodes involvement.

关键词： Monitor Units g.mma Pass Rate Flattening.Filter Free Multileaf Collimator

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Screening.of Anti-Infectives ag.inst Leishmania donovani

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Advances in Microbiolog. 2016年第1期6卷 13-22页

作者： Henry Nettey g.ace Lovia Allotey-Babing.on Benoit Bang. Ng.essan Barima Afrane Mustafa tagoe Anokye Ababio Patience Botchway Yvonne Darko Clement Sasu Alexander Nyarko School of Pharmacy University of Ghana Legon Ghana School of Pharmacy Mercer University Atlanta GA USA

Aim: To evaluate in vitro the effectiveness of several anti-infective ag.nts alone and in combination ag.inst Leishmania donovani. Method: A convenient stratified sampling.method was used to obtain selected anti-infective ag.nts. For individual drug.samples, Half Maximal Inhibitory Concentrations (IC50) were obtained using.the broth dilution method. The IC50’s of the drug. which were active ag.inst L. donovani were used as reference values to prepare drug.combinations for the modified microdilution checkerboard method. Results: Five (5) out of the fifty-six (56) drug. used showed activity (inhibition of cell g.owth) ag.inst L. donovani cells. They include Quinine sulphate (IC50 = 0.089 μg.ml), g.ntamicin (IC50 = 8.1 μg.ml), amodiaquine (IC50 = 138 μg.ml) and the two standard drug.: Amphotericin B (IC50 = 6.3 μg.ml) and Pentamidine (IC50 = 25 μg.ml). The remaining.fifty-one (51) drug. did not show any inhibition within the rang. of concentrations used (1.25 - 160 μg.ml). The drug.combinations of Pentamidine/Amodiaquine, Pentamidine/ Quinine sulphate, Pentamidine/g.ntamicin, Amphotericin B/Quinine Sulphate, Amphotericin B/ g.ntamicin, Amodiaquine/Quinine sulphate and Amodiaquine/g.ntamicin showed synerg.stic effects ag.inst L. donovani whereas the Amphotericin B/Amodiaquine combination was antag.nistic. Notable in the results obtained was the hig. effectiveness of quinine sulphate in inhibiting.the g.owth of L. donovani. Quinine sulphate, thoug. not indicated for leishmania treatment, was more effective than the two standard drug. and has a potential of playing.a sig.ificant role in the treatment of leishmaniasis. Conclusion: This study has revealed five (5) anti-infective ag.nts that by themselves or in combinations show activity ag.inst L. donovani. Some of the drug.combinations which showed synerg.sm should further be investig.ted. These results have to be confirmed by in vivo studies to d

关键词： Anti-Infectives Half Maximal Inhibitory Concentration Leishmania donovani

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