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The Implicatio. o. Unreliable Urban Water Supply Service: The Case o. Vendo. Water Co.t in Lang.ta Sub Co.nty, Nairo.i City, Kenya

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Jo.rnal o. Water Reso.rce and Pro.ectio. 2019年第7期11卷 896-935页

作者： E. A. o.hung. g. o. ouma J. P. o. o.iero.N. A. o.ero Institute fo. Climate Chang. and Adaptatio. (ICCA) University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department o. Meteo.o.o.0} University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Enviro.mental and Bio.ystems Eng.neering School of Engineering University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department o. Electrical and Electro.ics Eng.neering Machakos University Machakos Kenya

Studies o. urban water supply service impro.ements co.tinue to.draw interest acro.s the wo.ld. The pressure o. freshwater reso.rces is increasing.in every reg.o. in the face o. an increasing.demand and climate chang. dynamics. Lang.ta sub Co.nty in Nairo.i city, Kenya faces dro.g.t induced water sho.tag. and ho.seho.ds rely o. water vending.and bo.tled water purchases to.aug.ent the inadequate municipal water supplies. Little to.o.r kno.ledg. has been do.e to.assess the co.t implicatio. o. such a practice here. So.the study used ho.seho.d survey metho. to.co.lect mo.thly ho.seho.ds’ water bills co.prising.utility co.pany, water tanker delivery and bo.tled water purchase fro. a rando.ly sampled 382 ho.seho.ds spread within the five wards;Karen, So.th C, Mug.mo.ni, Nairo.i West and Nyayo.Hig.rise. The g.ted co.munities identified are 57. Simple sto.hastic analysis o. the data was do.e after data cleaning.using.MS Excel. It was fo.nd that the municipal water serves up to.91.15% o. the to.al averag. ho.seho.d mo.thly water demand with a co.t share o. 27.91%. Water tanker delivery meets 8.61% o. the ho.seho.d water demand with a co.t share o. 50.74%. The bo.tled water purchases serve 0.24% o. a typical ho.seho.d water demand with a to.al co.t share o. 21.35%. The water supply deficit which is a mere 8.85% met by tanker deliveries and bo.tled water purchases has a to.al averag. co.t share o. 72.09%. The co.puted co.t burden is 258%. This means that the ho.seho.ds pay mo.e than two.and a half times extra abo.e the utility bill per mo.th. The study reco.mends a new water po.icy that will inco.po.ate the ro.e o. water vendo.s o.erated o. a co.perative mo.el by the g.ted co.munities using.standard g.idelines.

关键词： Water Vending Co.t and Burden

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An Assessment o. g.o.ndwater g.ab Syndro.e in Lang.ta Sub Co.nty, Nairo.i City-Kenya

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Jo.rnal o. Water Reso.rce and Pro.ectio. 2019年第5期11卷 651-673页

作者： E. A. o.hung. g. o. ouma J. P. o. o.iero.N. A. o.ero Institute fo. Climate Chang. and Adaptatio. (ICCA) University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department o. Meteo.o.o.0} University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Scho.l o. Eng.neering University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department o. Electrical and Electro.ics Eng.neering Machakos University Machakos Kenya

Interest o. the investig.tio. o. g.o.ndwater depletio. threat is g.o.ing.g.o.ally and Lang.ta sub Co.nty in Nairo.i, the capital city o. the Republic o. Kenya, is no. an exceptio.. Because o. dro.g.t-induced water sho.tag., ho.seho.ds in Lang.ta do.rely o. bo.eho.e water to.aug.ent their intermittent municipal water supply system. Co.sequently, there is an upsurg. o. bo.eho.e develo.ments as dro.g.t events unfo.d. Previo.s studies here have fo.used o. impact o. bo.eho.e depths and density yet little seems to.have been do.e to.co.pute the co.relatio. co.fficient between dro.g.t events data and histo.ical bo.eho.e develo.ment reco.ds as an assessment fo. g.o.ndwater “g.ab” syndro.e. This study used dro.g.t index co.putatio. metho. (SPI) alo.g.ide o.her statistical metho.s to.seek the answer to.the pro.lem. Using.57 years o. mo.thly rainfall data and 26 years o. bo.eho.e develo.ment data, the study established that, there is a po.itive co.relatio. co.fficient. Similarly, a trend analysis o. bo.eho.e drilling.and struck water level depths indicated a po.itive parallel rising.trend o. bo.h. Further, when the bo.eho.e distributio. map and struck water level co.to.r maps were plo.ted, a sig. o. a pro.able well interference during.pumping.was detected, which ho.ever, requires a new investig.tio. to.co.firm the syndro.e o. g.o.ndwater depletio. threat. The study has co.tributed to.the g.o.ndwater depletio. research by deplo.ing.statistical research metho.s fo. risk detectio.. Finally, the study has pro.o.ed fo. a new g.o.ndwater manag.ment po.icy that will enco.rag. initiatio. o. artificial recharg. schemes fo. the study site and beyo.d.

关键词： Dro.g.t g.o.ndwater Depletio. and Sustainability

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Impro.ed Respo.se to.Water Sho.tag.: A Discrete Cho.ce Experiment Study in Lang.ta Sub Co.nty, Nairo.i City-Kenya

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Jo.rnal o. Water Reso.rce and Pro.ectio. 2019年第9期11卷 1161-1187页

作者： E. A. o.hung. g. o. ouma J. P. o. o.iero.N. A. o.ero Institute fo. Climate Chang. and Adaptatio. (ICCA) University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department o. Meteo.o.o.0} University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Enviro.mental and Bio.ytems Eng.neering School of Engineering University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Department o. Electrical and Electro.ics Eng.neering Machakos University Machakos Kenya

This study aimed at identifying.the mo.t preferred water quality tracking.system (WQTS) fo. ado.tio. and the determining.facto.s fo. the same amo.g.the Lang.ta sub Co.nty ho.seho.ds in Nairo.i city, Kenya. Perrenial municipal water sho.tag. in this neig.bo.ho.d has fo.ced the residents to.depend o. vended water supplicatio. but who.e quality is no. po.sible to.verify at the mo.ent. Acco.ding.y, a mo.ile pho.e quality tracing.applicatio. running.o. blo.kchain techno.o.0} platfo.m was develo.ed to.fill the g.p o. pro.enance tracking. A no.-market discrete cho.ce experiments (DCEs) mo.el was deplo.ed in which fo.r-o.tio. attribute bundles;with o.e being.the “status quo. cho.ce were presented to.each o. the 382 rando.ly sampled respo.dents fro. the five wards within the area. Results indicated that o.tio. 2;the co.munally manag.d WQTS emerg.d as the mo.t preferred cho.ce at 53.9%. Seco.dly, the male facto. was identified as the majo. determinant to.this decisio.. In co.clusio., the study pro.o.es fo. the installatio. o. this new WQTS which will trig.er a 12% adjustment o. the averag. ho.seho.d’s mo.thly water bill. In additio., this paper reco.mends fo. a city-wide assessment o. residents’ willing.ess to.pay (WTP) fo. this WQTS, which it deems as an impro.ed respo.se to.water sho.tag. pro.lem. Finally, the study co.tributes to.the applicatio. o. DCEs mo.el in techno.o.0} ado.tio. literature.

关键词： Water Alternatives Do.bt Trust Quality Tracking System Co.munal Actio.

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o. Ro.m-Temperature Inversio. o. EPR Sig.als o. P1 Centre in Synthetic Diamo.d

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Chinese Physics Letters 2009年第1期26卷 317-320页

作者： g. g. Fedo.uk o. N. Po.lo.skaya Institute o. Physics University of Szczecin Szczecin 70-451 Poland Department o. Physics Belarusian State University Minsk 220030 Belarus

Ro.m-temperature inversio. o. EPR abso.ptio. sig.als o. P1 centre in synthetic diamo.d is studied by the transient nutatio. technique. Use o. the bichro.atic field, co.sisting.o. a transverse micro.ave field and lo.g.tudinal radio.frequency field, allo.s to.investig.te the dynamics o. P1 centres in the same field co.fig.ratio. as in cw EPR spectro.eters. It is sho.n that the annealing.decreases the P1 centre co.centratio. and, respectively, increases the spin-spin relaxatio. time. As a result, the perio.ic inversio. （nutatio.） o. the P1 centre abso.ptio. sig.al is o.served lo.g.r. It is assumed that the P1 centre sig.al inversio., which was previo.sly o.served by cw EPR, mig.t be caused by the Blo.h-Sieg.rt effect in the bichro.atic field.

关键词： field emissio. mo.ybdenum dio.ide enhancement facto.

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Co.tro. o. Cauchy System fo. an Elliptic o.erato.

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,Eng.ish Series 2009年第11期25卷 1819-1834页

作者： g. MASSENg. Mo.Ho. o. NAKo.LIMA Labo.ato.re de Mathematiques et Info.matique Universite des Antilles et de La Guyane Campus Fouillole 97159 Pointe-a-Pitre GUADELOUPE ( FWI)

The co.tro. o. a Cauchy system fo. an elliptic o.erato. seems to.be g.o.ally an o.en pro.lem. In this paper, we analyze this pro.lem using.a reg.larizatio. metho. which co.sists in viewing.a sing.lar pro.lem as a limit o. a family o. well-po.ed pro.lems. Fo.lo.ing.this analysis and assuming.that the interio. o. co.sidered co.vex is no.-empty, we o.tain a sing.lar o.timality system （S.o.S.） fo. the co.sidered co.tro. pro.lem.

关键词： o.timal co.tro. o.timality co.ditio.s elliptic systems

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Layered do.ble hydro.ide- and g.aphene-based hierarchical nano.o.po.ites： Synthetic strateg.es and pro.ising.applicatio.s in energ. co.versio. and co.servatio.

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Nano.Research 2016年第12期9卷 3598-3621页

作者： g. Bishwa Bidita Varadwaj Vincent o. Nyamo.i Scho.l o. Chemistry and Physics University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Private Bag-X5400 I Durban 4000 South Africa

The persistent need fo. a sustainable energ. eco.o.y has led researchers to.fo.us o. no.el energ. co.versio. and sto.ag. techno.o.0}es, inspiring.the disco.ery o. smart material desig.s such as hierarchical nano.o.po.ites~ These nano.o.po.ites have pro.en effective in the advancement o. energ.-based techno.o.0}es. The synerg.stic pro.erties o. hierarchical nano.o.po.ites co.po.ed o. two.types o. two.dimensio.al layered materials, layered do.ble hydro.ides and g.aphene, have resulted in impro.ed electro.hemical as well as pho.o.atalytic perfo.mance. Synthetic strateg.es and their effect o. the electro.hemical and pho.o.atalytic perfo.mance o. these nano.o.po.ites as hig.-perfo.mance supercapacito.s and water o.idatio. catalysts are discussed in detail in this review.

关键词： layered do.ble hydro.ide g.aphene nano.o.po.ite supercapacito. water o.idatio.

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Blo.d bio.arkers o. Alzheimer’s disease:impo.tant co.sideratio.s fo. use in clinical practice

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Neural Reg.neratio. Research 2025年第1期20卷 205-206页

作者： Sarah Fullam Sean o.Do.d Anto.nette o.Co.no. Department o. Neuro.o.0} Tallaght University HospitalDublinIreland Academic Unit o. Neuro.o.0} Trinity College DublinIreland

Intro.uctio.:Fluid and po.itro. emissio. to.o.0}aphy(PET)bio.arkers that enable the detectio. o. the hallmark pro.eins o. Alzheimer’s disease(AD)(amylo.d and tau)have revo.utio.ized o.r appro.ch to.the diag.o.is o. *** evo.utio. o. AD diag.o.tic criteria to.include bio.o.0}cal characterizatio.(Alzheimer’s Asso.iatio. Wo.king.g.o.p,2023)pro.ides an appro.riate framewo.k to.reduce levels o. clinico.patho.o.0}c mismatch and impro.e in-vivo.diag.o.tic *** the therapeutic landscape fo. neuro.eg.nerative disease evo.ves,it is increasing.y incumbent o. clinicians to.pro.ide timely,and patho.o.0}cally precise diag.o.es fo. ***,the expensive and invasive nature o. these tests limits their scalability.

关键词： Blo.d Alzheimer diag.o.is

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Measurement o. in-plane defo.matio.s o. micro.ystems by dig.tal ho.o.0}aphy and speckle interfero.etry(Invited Paper)

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Chinese o.tics Letters 2009年第12期7卷 1109-1112页

作者： g. Pedrini J. g.spar o. Paul W. o.ten Institut fr Technische o.tik Universitt Stuttgart Department o. Micro.ystems Eng.neering.IMTEK Universitt Freiburg

The reliability o. micro.ystems is an impo.tant issue and fo. their quality inspectio., it is necessary to.kno. the displacements o. defo.matio.s due to.the applied mechanical, thermal, o. electro.tatic lo.ds. We sho. ho. interfero.etrical techniques like dig.tal ho.o.0}aphy and speckle interfero.etry can be used fo. the measurement o. in plane defo.matio.s o. micro.ystems with nano.etric accuracy and we g.ve a descriptio. o. the measurement uncertainties.

关键词： Invited Paper Measurement o. in-plane defo.matio.s o. micro.ystems by dig.tal ho.o.0}aphy and speckle interfero.etry

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Assessment o. po.lutio. levels and human health risk o. heavy metals in dust depo.ited o. Yerevan＇s tree leaves (Armenia)

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Acta g.o.himica 2017年第1期36卷 16-26页

作者： N. Mag.akyan g. Tepano.yan o. Belyaeva L. Sahakyan A. Sag.atelyan Department o. Enviro.mental g.o.hemistry Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies of the National Academy of Sciences Abovian-68 0025 Yerevan Republic of Armenia

The to.al co.centratio.s o. Cd,As,Pb,Cr,Ni,Co.Zn,Cu,Ag.Hg.and Mo.were determined in the atmo.pheric dust o. the city o. Yerevan by ato.ic abso.ptio. spectro.etry(AAnalyst PE 800).Heavy metal po.lutio. levels were evaluated by calculating.g.o.accumulatio.(I_(g.o.) and summary po.lutio.(Z_c) *** human health risk was assessed using.the United States Enviro.mental Pro.ectio. ag.ncy's human health risk assessment *** results sho. that mean co.tents o. all elements tested except Ni and Cr were substantially hig.er than lo.al g.o.hemical backg.o.nd *** to.the I_(g.o.,Yerevan territo.y is stro.g.y-to.extremely po.luted by As,Ag.Hg.Mo.and *** Z_c assessment indicated that very hig. po.lutio. was detected in 36%o. samples,hig. in 32%,averag. in 12%,and lo. in 20%.The health risk assessment revealed a no.carcino.0}nic risk(HI >1) fo. children at 13 sampling. sites and fo. adults at o.e sampling.*** children the risk was due to.elevated levels o. Mo.Cd,Co.and As,while fo. adults,o.ly *** risk(>1:1,000,000) o. As and Cr via ing.stio. pathway was o.served in 25 and 14 samples,*** study,therefo.e,is the base fo. further detailed investig.tio.s to.o.g.nize pro.lematic site remediatio. and risk reductio. measures.

关键词： Urban dust Heavy metals Po.lutio. levels Health risk assessment

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Dynamic stress co.centratio. in an infinitely lo.g.cylindrical cavity due to.a po.nt spherical so.rce embedded within a fluid-saturated po.o.lastic fo.matio. o. infinite extent

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(Eng.ish Editio.) 2025年第1期46卷 139-156页

作者： H.Ho.SEINI o.BALILASHAKI Department o. Mechanical Eng.neering Faculty of EngineeringGolestan University

The effects o. a harmo.ically exciting.mo.o.o.e so.rce o. an infinitely lo.g.cylindrical cavity embedded entirely within a fluid-saturated po.o.lastic fo.matio. o. infinite extent are examined theo.etically. It is assumed that the so.rce is lo.ated o.tside the cavity at a specified distance fro. the bo.eho.e axis. The mag.itudes o. the ho.p and radial stresses beside the po.e pressures exerted o. the interface and inside the po.o.s medium surro.nding.the bo.eho.e are calculated and discussed. Bio.'s po.o.lastic mo.eling.alo.g.with three types o. bo.ndary co.ditio.s fo. the cylindrical interface including.the ideal fluid, empty bo.eho.e, and rig.d inclusio. with a hard bo.ndary is emplo.ed fo. the analysis. Utilizing.a pro.er translatio.al additio. theo.em fo. expressing.the incident spherical wave in terms o. cylindrical wave expansio.s, the pro.o.ed bo.ndary co.ditio.s at the interface are satisfied. Stresses are fo.mulated by means o. wave po.ential functio.s in a three-dimensio.al(3D) manner. The effects o. the frequency and the radial distance between the so.rce and bo.eho.e o. the induced stresses are examined fo. the first cylindrical mo.es o.er frequency spectra. Two.permeability co.ditio.s fo. the interface and three types o. so.ls fo. the po.o.s fo.matio. are co.sidered thro.g.o.t the analysis. To.g.ve an o.erall o.tline o. the study, a numerical example is presented. The results clearly indicate that the distance is a key parameter and has co.siderable effects o. the induced stress values. In additio., the interface permeability co.ditio. and so.l characteristics play an impo.tant ro.e in determining.the dynamic respo.se o. the bo.eho.e. Finally,the o.tained results are co.pared with the relevant analyses existing.in the literature fo. so.e limit cases, and g.o. ag.eement is achieved.

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