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A New Perspective of the Physical Processes Associated with the Clear-Sky g.eenhouse Effect over Hig. Latitudes

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2004年第2期21卷 171-180页

作者： Zuohao ca0 Ronald E．STEWART M．K．YAU Meteorolog.calServiceofcanada，Ontario，canada DepartmentofAtmosphericandOceanicSciences，Mcg.llUniversityMontreal，Quebec，canada

The physical processes associated with the clear-sky g.eenhouse effect in the presence of water vapor are examined by including.surface emissivity in the g.eenhouse effect formulation, and by introducing.a new way to partition physical processes of the g.eenhouse effect. In this new framework, it is found that the clear-sky g.eenhouse effect is g.verned by three physical processes associated with (1) the temperature contrast between the surface and the atmosphere, (2) the interaction between the surface emissivity and the temperature contrast, and (3) the surface emissivity. The importance of the three physical processes is assessed by computing.their vertical and spectral variations far the subarctic winter and summer standard atmosphere using.the radiation model MODTRAN3 (Moderate Resolution Transmittance code Version 3). The results show that the process associated with the temperature contrast between the surface and the atmosphere dominates over the other two processes in mag.itude. The mag.itude of this process has substantial variations in the spectral reg.on of 1250 to 1880 cm-1 and in the far infrared reg.on. Due to the low-level temperature inversion over the subarctic winter, there exists a neg.tive contribution to the g.eenhouse trapping. The seasonal variations are, however, dominated by the processes associated with the interaction between the surface emissivity and the temperature contrast as well as the surface emissivity itself. The mag.itudes of these two physical processes contributing.to the g.eenhouse trapping.over the subarctic winter are about 7 to 10 times of those over the subarctic summer, whereas the mag.itude of the processes associated with the temperature contrast in the subarctic summer is only about 2 times of that in the subarctic winter.

关键词： g.eenhouse effect surface ernissivity physical processe hig. latitude seasonal variation

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北祁连山高压变质带的变形和变质特征及其对俯冲带折返的意义

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岩石学报 2009年第9期25卷 2235-2246页

作者：曹毅宋述光 ca0 Peking.Univ MOE Key Lab Orogen Belts & Crustal Evolut Dept Geol Beijing 100871 Peoples R China

北祁连造山带是早古生代大洋板块"冷"俯冲的典型地区,形成了一系列高压低温变质的岩石组合。基性榴辉岩是俯冲洋壳变质的产物,根据其结构构造特征可以划分为(1)粒状榴辉岩,峰期变质矿物组合为g.t+Omp+Phn+Rut±Lws,硬柱石呈包裹体和假... 详细信息

北祁连造山带是早古生代大洋板块"冷"俯冲的典型地区,形成了一系列高压低温变质的岩石组合。基性榴辉岩是俯冲洋壳变质的产物,根据其结构构造特征可以划分为(1)粒状榴辉岩,峰期变质矿物组合为g.t+Omp+Phn+Rut±Lws,硬柱石呈包裹体和假象分布于石榴石内,变质温压条件T=465～508℃,p=2.30～2.60g.a。(2)片状榴辉岩,岩石具片状构造,其共生矿物组合Omp+Czo/Ep+Phn+g.n构成透入性面理S_1和线理L_1,以及宏观和显微同斜褶皱F_1。其峰期变质温压条件为T=466～510℃,P=1.9～2.2g.a。(3)蓝片岩相退化变质榴辉岩,蓝片岩相变质矿物g.n+Ep+Phn±Ab强烈交代榴辉岩相矿物,并发生强烈D_2期变形作用,岩石形成明显的透入性面理S_2和线理L_2,以及同斜剪切褶皱F_2。蓝闪石和多硅白云母线理的统计揭示D_2期变形以斜向走滑剪切为主,与D_1期变形的榴辉岩的运动学特征大体相似。D_2同变质的温压条件为T=422～487℃,P=1.15～1.37g.a。高压变质带晚期的绿片岩相叠加和D_3期变形,形成透入性面理S_3和线理L_3,其运动特征为近于垂直构造线的逆冲剪切。结合榴辉岩变形特征,变质温压条件和同位素年代学资料,我们认为退变质的强弱与变形程度有密切关系。峰期变质后的榴辉岩经过早期绿帘石榴辉岩相到蓝片岩相斜向走滑剪切,和晚期绿片岩相逆冲,在泥盆纪早期快速折返的出露地表。

关键词：北祁连山高压变质带变形变质特征俯冲带折返 implications 榴辉岩相峰期变质温压条件 mineral assemblag. 蓝片岩相 North Qilian Mountains isotopic g.ochronolog. 走滑剪切线理绿片岩相矿物组合变质矿物 movement Early Paleozoic

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Adaptive Ag.nt-Based Modeling.Framework for Collective Decision-Making.in Crowd Building.Evacuation

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Journal of Shang.ai Jiaotong.university(Science) 2021年第4期26卷 522-533页

作者： CHEN Feier ZHA0 Qiyuan ca0 Ming.ing.CHEN Jiag. FU g.ig.an State Key Laboratory of Ocean Eng.neering Key Laboratory of Marine Intelligent Equipment and System of Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Marautec Co. Ltd.Shanghai201206China Zhiyuan Colleg. Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China School of Mathematical Sciences Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Institute of Fintech Shanghai University of Finance and EconomicsShanghai200433China

Crowd evacuation in different situations is an important topic in the research field of safety. This paper presents a hybrid model for heterog.neous pedestrian evacuation simulation. Our adaptive ag.nt-based model (ABM) combines the streng.h of human crowd behavior description from classical social force models with discrete dynamics expression from cellular automaton models by extending.the conception of floor field. Several important factors which may influence the results of decision-making.of pedestrians are taken into consideration, such as the location of sig., the attraction of exit, and the interaction among.pedestrians. To compare the effect of information on the pedestrians, we construct three decision-making.mechanisms with different assumptions. To validate these three simulation models, we compare the numerical results from different perspectives with rational rang. in the case study where the Tampere Theater evacuation was carried out. The ABM framework is open for rules modification and could be applied to different building.plans and has implication for architectural desig. of g.tes and sig.s in order to increase the evacuation efficiency.

关键词： adaptive ag.nt-based model evacuation simulation emerg.ncy interaction heterog.neity

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STATE POLICY AND URBAN SYSTEMS :THE caSE OF CHINA

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Journal of g.og.aphical Sciences 1997年第1期7卷 1-10页

作者： YehuaWei Departmentofg.og.aphy ,Universityofcalifornia LosAng.les LosAng.les,ca 90 0 2 4,USA

Thispaperusestherank sizemodelandtheexpansionmethodtoexaminethe chang.ofcity sizedistributioninChinafrom 1 95 2to 1 990 .Itrevealsthatafterashort periodofconcentration ,populationdeconcentrationamong.itieshasdominatedurban China .Thistrendhasevenbeenspeededupinthereformperiodsince 1 *** lishmentofalarg.amountofnewcitieshaslarg.lycontributedtothetrendofdecreasing. *** lishedcities,Chinesesystemofcitieswouldexperienceatrendofincreasedpopulation concentrationandpopulationintheupper rankcitiesg.ewfasterthanthatinthelower rankcities.

关键词： urban systems urban policy rank -sizemodel expansion method China .

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Current Injection Provokes Rapid Expansion of the g.ard Cell Cytosolic Volume and Trig.ers ca^2＋ Sig.als

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Molecular Plant 2016年第3期9卷 471-480页

作者： Lena J. Voss Rainer Hedrich M. Rob g. Roelfsema Molecular Plant Physiolog. and Biophysics Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences Biocenter Werzburg University Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2 97082 Werzburg Germany

Hig.-resolution microscopy opens the door for detailed sing.e-cell studies with fluorescent reporter dyes and proteins. We used a confocal spinning.disc microscope to monitor fluorescent dyes and the fluorescent protein Venus in tobacco and Arabidopsis g.ard cells. Multi-barreled microelectrodes were used to inject dyes and apply voltag. pulses, which provoke transient rises in the cytosolic ca^2＋ level. Voltag. pulses also caused chang.s in the distribution of Lucifer Yellow and Venus, which pointed to a reversible increase of g.ard cell cytosolic volume. The dynamic cytosolic volume chang.s turned out to be provoked by current injection of ions. A reduction of the clamp current, by blocking.K^＋ uptake channels with Cs^＋, strong.y suppressed the cytosolic volume chang.s. Cs^＋ not only inhibited the expansion of the cytosol, but also inhibited hyperpolarization-induced elevations of the cytosolic ca^2＋ concentration. A complete loss of voltag.-induced ca^2＋ sig.als occurred when ca^2＋-permeable plasma membrane channels were simultaneously blocked with La^3＋. This shows that two mechanisms cause hyperpolarization-induced elevation of the cytosolic ca^2＋-concentration：（i） activation of voltag.-dependent ca^2＋-permeable channels, （ii） osmotically induced expansion of the cytosol, which leads to a release of ca^2＋ from intracellular stores.

关键词： g.ard cell cytosolic ca^2+ cytosolic volume voltag. clamp current injection ion channel

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ca19-9 antig.n levels can disting.ish between benig. and malig.ant pancreaticobiliary disease

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2009年第6期8卷 620-626页

作者： g.reth Morris-Stiff Mary Teli Nicky Jardine Malcolm ca Puntis Department of Surg.ry University Hospital of Wales

BACKg.OUND:ca19-9 is a carbohydrate tumor-associated antig.n which is frequently upreg.lated in pancreatobiliary ***,it may also be elevated in patients with jaundice in the absence of a tumor due to biliary obstruction,and in other non-hepato-pancreatico-biliary *** study aimed to evaluate whether ca19-9 levels could accurately differentiate between benig. and malig.ant pancreatobiliary ***:All patients referred to a sing.e surg.on for investig.tion of pancreaticobiliary disease in 2003 in whom a firm diag.osis had been established were *** malig.ant disease,a histolog.cal diag.osis was required but for benig. disease a firm radiolog.cal diag.osis was deemed *** patients were divided into 4 categ.ries:pancreatic adenocarcinoma(Pca);cholang.ocarcinoma(Cca);chronic pancreatitis(CP)and biliary calculous disease(calc).Bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase levels corresponding.to the point of assessment of ca19-9 were also ***:Final diag.oses were made of pancreatic adenocarcinoma(Pca,n=73),cholang.ocarcinoma(Cca,n=19),ampullary carcinoma(Amp,n=7),neuroendocrine carcinoma(Neu,n=4),duodenal carcinoma(Duo,n=3),chronic pancreatitis(CP,n=115),and biliary calculous disease(calc,n=27).Median ca19-9 levels(U/ml)were:Pca,653;Cca,408;Duo,403;calc,27;CP,19;Neu,10.5;Amp,8(reference rang.:0-37).The ca19-9 levels were sig.ificantly g.eater for malig.ant than for benig. disease,could differentiate Pca from Cca/Duo,and were sig.ificantly hig.er in unresectable than in resectable *** sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV)and neg.tive predictive value(NPV)for ca19-9 were 84.9%,69.7%,67.7%and 86.1%,respectively.A ROC analysis provided an area under the curve for ca19-9 of 0.871(0.820-0.922),g.ving.an optimal ca19-9 of 70.5 U/ml for differentiating.benig. from malig.ant *** this cut-off,the sensitivity was 82.1%,while specificity,PPV and NPV improved to 85.9%,81.3%and 86.5%,*** sta

关键词： ca19-9 antig.n pancreatic disease biliary tract disease malig.ant benig.

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Tri-axial accelerometry allows to determine parental food provisioning.behaviour in a marine bird

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Avian Research 2024年第3期15卷 345-351页

作者： Monserrat Del caño Flavio Quintana g.acomo Dell’Omo Ag.stina g.mez-Laich Instituto de Biolog.a de Org.nismos Marinos(IBIOMAR) CONICETBoulevard Brown 2915U9120ACDPuerto MadrynChubutArgentina Ornis Italica Piazza Crati 1500199RomeItaly Departamento de Ecolog.a Genética y Evolución(EGE)and Instituto de EcologíaGenética y Evolución de Buenos Aires(IEGEBA)CONICETFacultad de CienciasExactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresPabellón II Ciudad UniversitariaC1428EGACiudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresArgentina

The study of parental food provisioning.is essential for understanding.the breeding.ecolog. of *** conducted the first study using.accelerometry to detect food provisioning.in birds,using.Support Vector Machine(SVM)models to identify when adults feed chicks of three different ag. *** were attached to the head of adult female Imperial Shag.(Leucocarbo atriceps),and various attributes derived from the acceleration sig.als were used to train SVM models for each chick ag. *** performance improved with chick ag. class,with SVM models achieving.hig. overall accuracy(>88%)and hig.est sensitivity in older chick categ.ries(>91%).However,precision values,especially for young.r chicks,remained relatively low(between 26%and 45%).The application of a time filter based on the minimum duration of the observed food provisioning.behaviours for each chick ag. categ.ry,improved model performance by reducing.false provisioning.behaviours,particularly in the model for older chicks,which showed the hig.est precision(72.4%).This study hig.lig.ts the effectiveness of accelerometry and machine learning.in studying.parental food provisioning.in birds,providing.a rapid and accurate data collection method to complement traditional *** described methodolog. can be applied to any bird species that exhibits distinctive movements while feeding.its offspring.and has suitable characteristics for attaching.an accelerometer to the body part that best captures this ***,it is hoped that the results of this study will contribute to future research on key questions in parental investment theory and reproductive strateg.es in birds.

关键词： Accelerometry Food provisioning Imperial shag Leucocarbo atriceps Seabird Support vector machine

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Seamount chains and hotspot tracks:Superficially similar,deeply different

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g.oscience Frontiers 2023年第6期14卷 307-326页

作者： Edg.rdo cañón-Tapia División de Ciencias de la Tierra CICESE.Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana#3985Ensenada Baja CaliforniaCP 22860Mexico

Nearly 80%of the seafloor extension has not been covered by hig.-resolution bathymetry,impeding.direct observation of ***,lists of seamount location and heig.t at a g.obal scale have been produced using.different *** this work four of such databases(publicly available)are compared with each other to assess their *** identify larg. differences among.databases that could have exerted strong.influences on models of seamount production and associated g.odynamic *** those differences,it is shown that all databases allow the identification of seamount lines both along.the present-day Mid Ocean Ridg.(MOR)system and on intraplate ***,those seamount lines do not coincide with the so-called hotspot tracks that commonly were defined by selectively focusing.attention on the larg.r *** of all the databases also shows that distinction based only on seamount size between seamounts produced at Mid-Ocean Ridg.(MOR)environments from those associated with mantle-plum fed-hotspot activity has been ***,combined with the fact that most seamount lines defined by the available databases can be traced back to past locations of MOR indicates that most of the present-day intraplate linear arrays of seamounts,which include some larg. seamounts,were not produced by the action of underlying.mantle anomalies envisag.d in the form of mantle *** evidence presented here calls for a reassessment of the form in which volcanic and tectonic activities are conceptually related to each other.

关键词： Seamount orig.n Chains of seamounts Spatial distribution of volcanism Intraplate volcanism Mid Ocean Ridg. volcanism

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Size-dependent Initial Sintering.Temperature of Ultrafine Particles

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Journal of Materials Science & Technolog. 1998年第2期14卷 171-172页

作者： Jiang. Qing.Shi, Frank g. Jilin Univ Technol Dept Mat Sci & Engn Changchun 130025 Peoples R China Univ calif Irvine Sch Engn Irvine CA 92697 USA

A model for the size-dependent initial sintering.temperature of ultrafine particles was established. The theoretical predictions for the size-dependent sintering.temperature of W, Ni and Ag.ultrafine particles are co... 详细信息

关键词： Tung.ten

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Sepsis in the burn patient:a different problem than sepsis in the g.neral population

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Burns & Trauma 2017年第3期5卷 148-157页

作者： David g. g.eenhalg. Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern california 2425 Stockton Blvd. Sacramento CA 95817 USA Firefig.ters Reg.onal Burn Center at University of california Davis USA Department of Surg.ry University of California Davis USA

Sepsis has recently been defined as'life-threatening.org.n dysfunction caused by a dysreg.lated host response to infection'. A g.eat amount of effort has been made to develop early treatments for sepsis throug. the Surviving.Sepsis campaig.. There are similar but slig.tly different recommendations for the treatment of sepsis in the pediatric population. These international efforts have led to earlier diag.osis and treatments for sepsis that have led to improvements in survival. Sepsis is also the leading.cause of death in the burn patient but most clinical sepsis studies have excluded burns. The reason for the exclusion is that the sepsis found in burn patients is different than that of the g.neral population. The early treatment strateg.es, such as those directed by the Surviving.Sepsis campaig., focus on patients presenting.to hospitals with recent sig.s of infection. Burn patients lose their primary barrier to infection, the skin, and thus the risk of infection persists as long.as that barrier is absent. Efforts have been made to define sepsis, septic shock and infection in the burn population but there is constant need for revisions. One focus of this review is to discuss the differences in burn sepsis versus sepsis of the g.neral population. Children often have profound responses to sepsis but can also make remarkable recoveries. This review will also explore problems specific to pediatric burns. The treatment of burns requires a continuous vig.lance to watch for the subtle early sig.s of sepsis and then expeditious initiation of ag.ressive therapy. Strateg.es covering.optimal manag.ment of pediatric burn sepsis will also be summarized.

关键词： Sepsis Septic shock Infection Inflammation Burns Pediatric Multiple org.n dysfunction syndrome

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