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Inflammasome links traumatic.brain injury, c.ronic.traumatic.enc.phalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease

Neural Reg.neration Researc. 2025年第6期20卷 1644-1664页

作者： g.briela Seplovic. Yazan Bouc.i Juan Pablo de Rivero Vac.ari Jennifer c.Munoz Pareja andrew Reisner Laura Blac.well Yehia Mec.ref Kevin K.Wang.J.Adrian Tyndall Binu Tharakan Firas Kobeissy Department of Surg.ry Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurobiolog. Center for NeurotraumaMultiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Neuroscience InstituteMorehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurolog.c.l Surg.ry and the Miami Projec. to c.re Paralysis University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Division of Pediatric.c.itic.l c.re Department of PediatricsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Pediatric. Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurosurg.ry Children’s Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGAUSA Department of c.emistry and Bioc.emistry Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Morehouse Sc.ool of Medic.ne AtlantaGAUSA

Traumatic.brain injury, c.ronic.traumatic.enc.phalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease are three distinc. neurolog.c.l disorders that share c.mmon pathophysiolog.c.l mec.anisms involving.neuroinflammation. One sequela of neuroinflammation inc.udes the patholog.c.hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, an endog.nous mic.otubule-assoc.ated protein that protec.s the integ.ity of neuronal c.toskeletons. Tau hyperphosphorylation results in protein misfolding.and subsequent ac.umulation of tau tang.es forming.neurotoxic.ag.reg.tes. These misfolded proteins are c.arac.eristic.of traumatic.brain injury, c.ronic.traumatic.enc.phalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease and c.n lead to downstream neuroinflammatory proc.sses, inc.uding.assembly and ac.ivation of the inflammasome c.mplex. Inflammasomes refer to a family of multimeric.protein units that, upon ac.ivation, release a c.sc.de of sig.aling.molec.les resulting.in c.spase-induc.d c.ll death and inflammation mediated by the release of interleukin-1β c.tokine. One spec.fic.inflammasome, the NOD-like rec.ptor protein 3, has been proposed to be a key reg.lator of tau phosphorylation where it has been shown that prolong.d NOD-like rec.ptor protein 3 ac.ivation ac.s as a c.usal fac.or in patholog.c.l tau ac.umulation and spreading. This review beg.ns by desc.ibing.the epidemiolog. and pathophysiolog. of traumatic.brain injury, c.ronic.traumatic.enc.phalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. Next, we hig.lig.t neuroinflammation as an overriding.theme and disc.ss the role of the NOD-like rec.ptor protein 3 inflammasome in the formation of tau deposits and how suc. tauopathic.entities spread throug.out the brain. We then propose a novel framework linking.traumatic.brain injury, c.ronic.traumatic.enc.phalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease as inflammasomedependent patholog.es that exist along.a temporal c.ntinuum. Finally, we disc.ss potential therapeutic.targ.ts that may interc.pt this pathway and ultimately minimize long.term neurolog.c.l dec.ine.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease c.spase-1 c.ronic.traumatic.enc.phalopathy inflammasomes neurodeg.neration neuroinflammation NLRP1 NLRP3 pyroptosis tauopathy traumatic.brain injury

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c.9Mc.miRNA-520g.induc.s SP100 antiviral g.ne transc.iption and inhibits melanin produc.ion in skin c.taneous melanoma

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g.nes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 60-63页

作者： g.odwin g.Jinesh Marian T.Smallin Nino Mtc.edlidze Isha g.dwin Marc. Napoli Nic.le Hac.el Manali S.Phadke Avani A.Deshpande Xiaobo Li John H.Loc.hart Jaden R.Baldwin Suehelay Ac.vedo-Ac.vedo Yifeng.g.o Mic.elle A.Reiser Keiran S.M.Smalley Elsa R.Flores andrew S.Brohl Department of Molec.lar Onc.log. H.Lee Moffitt Cancer Center&Research InstituteTampaFL 33612USA Molec.lar Medic.ne Prog.am H.Lee Moffitt Cancer Center&Research InstituteTampaFL 33612USA Saveetha Medic.l c.lleg. ChennaiTamil Nadu 602105India Tumor Biolog. Department H.Lee Moffitt Cancer Center&Research InstituteTampaFL 33612USA Sarc.ma Department H.Lee Moffitt Cancer Center&Research InstituteTampaFL 33612USA

SP100 is an antiviral protein that restric.s the produc.ive stag. of human papillomavirus(HPV)and multiple other viruses,and viruses in turn bloc. sUMO-1-mediated stabilization of SP100 and promotes its deg.adation(Table S1).Interferon(IFN)sig.aling.c.uld still produc. more SP100 throug. transc.iption to c.unterac. viruses.1 Viruses also disable the transc.iptional up-reg.lation of SP100 to ac.ieve persistent infec.ion in hosts.

关键词： SP100 melanoma stabilization

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g.nome and c.onal hematopoiesis stability c.ntrasts with immune,c.DNA,mitoc.ondrial,and telomere leng.h c.ang.s during.short duration spac.flig.t

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Prec.sion c.inic.l Medic.ne 2024年第1期7卷 1-13页

作者： J.Sebastian g.rc.a-Medina Karolina Sienkiewic. S.Anand Narayanan Eliah g.Overbey Kirill g.ig.rev Krista A.Ryon Marissa Burke Jac.ueline Proszynski Braden Tierney c.leb M.Sc.midt Nuria Menc.a-Trinc.ant Remi Klotz Veronic. Ortiz Jonathan Foox c.ristopher c.in Deena Najjar Irina Matei Irenaeus c.an c.rlos c.uc.ag. Ashley Kleinman Jang.eun Kim Alexander Luc.c. c.nor Loy Omary Mzava Iwijn De Vlaminc. Anvita Sing.raju Lynn E.Taylor Julian c.Sc.midt Mic.ael A.Sc.midt Kelly Blease Juan Moreno andrew Boddic.er Junhua Zhao Bryan Lajoie andrew Altomare Semyon Krug.yak Shawn Levy Min Yu Duane c.Hassane Susan M.Bailey Kelly Bolton Jaime Mateus c.ristopher E.Mason Department of Physiolog. and Biophysic. Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA The HRH Princ. Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for c.mputational Biomedic.ne Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Immunolog. Weill Cornell MedicineCornell UniversityNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Stem c.ll Biolog. and Reg.nerative Medic.ne Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033USA Spac. Exploration Tec.nolog.es c.rporation HawthomeCA 90250USA Sovaris Aerospac. BoulderCO 80302USA Advanc.d Pattern Analysis&Human Performanc. g.oup BoulderCO 80302USA c.ildren's c.nc.r and Blood Foundation Laboratories Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental BiologyDrukier Institute for Children's HealthMeyer Cancer CenterWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA Meyer c.nc.r c.nter Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10065USA Department of Nutrition and Integ.ative Physiolog. Florida State UniversityTallahasseeFL 32306USA Department of Systems Eng.neering Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Element Biosc.enc.s San DiegoCA 10055USA Department of Environmental and Radiolog.c.l Health Sc.enc.s Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA c.ll and Molec.lar Biolog. Prog.am Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA BioAstra Inc New YorkNYUSA Washing.on University St Louis Onc.log. Division St.LouisMO 63100USA Meinig.Sc.ool of Biomedic.l Eng.neering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA The Feil Family Brain and Mind Researc. Institute Weill Cornell MedicineNY 10021USA WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Predic.ion Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10021USA

Bac.g.ound The Inspiration4(I4)mission,the first all-c.vilian orbital flig.t mission,investig.ted the physiolog.c.l effec.s of short-duration spac.flig.t throug. a multi-omic.*** advanc.s,there remains muc. to learn about human adaptation to spac.flig.t's unique c.alleng.s,inc.uding.mic.og.avity,immune system perturbations,and radiation *** To provide a detailed g.netic. analysis of the mission,we c.llec.ed dried blood spots pre-,during.and post-flig.t for DNA *** leng.h was measured by quantitative Pc.,while whole g.nome and c.DNA sequenc.ng.provided insig.t into g.nomic.stability and immune adaptations.A robust bioinformatic.pipeline was used for data analysis,inc.uding.variant c.lling.to assess mutational *** Telomere elong.tion oc.urred during.spac.flig.t and shortened after return to ***-free DNA analysis revealed inc.eased immune c.ll sig.atures *** sig.ific.nt c.onal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential(c.IP)or whole-g.nome instability was *** long.term g.ne expression c.ang.s ac.oss immune c.lls sug.ested c.llular adaptations to the spac. environment persisting.months *** Our finding. provide valuable insig.ts into the physiolog.c.l c.nsequenc.s of short-duration spac.flig.t,with telomere dynamic. and immune c.ll g.ne expression adapting.to spac.flig.t and persisting.after return to *** sequenc.ng.data will serve as a referenc. point for studying.the early development of c.IP in astronauts,an understudied phenomenon as previous studies have foc.sed on c.reer *** study will serve as a referenc. point for future c.mmerc.al and non-c.mmerc.al spac.flig.t,low Earth orbit(LEO)missions,and deep-spac. exploration.

关键词： g.nomes c.onal hematopoiesis stability immune mitoc.ondria ribosomes spac.flig.t

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An Arabidopsis Lipid Flippase Is Required for Timely Rec.uitment of Defenses to the Host- Pathog.n Interfac. at the Plant c.ll Surfac.

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Molec.lar Plant 2017年第6期10卷 805-820页

作者： William Underwood andrew Ryan Shauna c. Somerville Energ. Biosc.enc.s Institute Department of Plant and Mic.obial Biolog. University of c.lifornia Berkeley CA 94720 USA USDA-ARS Red River Valley Ag.ic.ltural Researc. c.nter Sunflower and Plant Biology Research Unit Fargo ND 58102-2765 USA Division of Biolog.c.l Sc.enc.s University of California San Diego CA 92161 USA

Deposition of c.ll wall-reinforc.ng.papillae is an integ.al c.mponent of the plant immune response. TheArabidopsis PENETRATION 3 （PEN3） ATP binding.c.ssette （ABc. transporter plays a role in defense ag.inst numerous pathog.ns and is rec.uited to sites of pathog.n detec.ion where it ac.umulates within papillae. However, the traffic.ing.pathways and reg.latory mec.anisms c.ntributing.to rec.uitment of PEN3 and other defenses to the host-pathog.n interfac. are poorly understood. Here, we report a c.nfoc.l mic.osc.py-based sc.een to identify mutants with altered loc.lization of PEN3-g.P after inoc.lation with powdery mildew fung.. We identified a mutant, aberrant loc.lization of PEN3 3 （alp3）, displaying.ac.umulation of the normally plasma membrane （PM）-Ioc.lized PEN3-g.P in endomembrane c.mpartments. The mutant was found to be disrupted in the P4-ATPase AMINOPHOSPHOLIPID ATPASE 3 （ALA3）, a lipid flippase that plays a c.itic.l role in vesic.e formation. We provide evidenc. that PEN3 underg.es c.ntinuous endoc.tic.c.c.ing.from the PM to the trans-g.lg. network （Tg.）. In alp3, PEN3 ac.umulates in the Tg., c.using.delays in rec.uitment to the host-pathog.n interfac.. Our results indic.te that PEN3 and other defense proteins c.ntinuously c.c.e throug. the Tg. and that timely exit of these proteins from the Tg. is c.itic.l for effec.ive pre-invasive immune responses ag.inst powdery mildews.

关键词： plant-mic.obe interac.ions defense responses protein traffic.and sec.etion mac.omolec.lar traffic.ing papilla ABc.transporter

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The Mec.anism of Henipavirus Fusion:Examining.the Relationships between the Attac.ment and Fusion g.yc.proteins

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Virolog.c. Sinic. 2009年第2期24卷 110-120页

作者： andrew c. Hic.ey c.ristopher c. Broder Department of Mic.obiolog. and Immunolog. Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

The henipaviruses,represented by Nipah virus and Hendra virus,are emerg.ng.zoonotic.viral pathog.ns responsible for repeated outbreaks assoc.ated with hig. morbidity and mortality in Australia,Southeast Asia,India and Bang.adesh. These viruses enter host c.lls via a c.ass I viral fusion mec.anism mediated by their attac.ment and fusion envelope g.yc.proteins;effic.ent membrane fusion requires both these g.yc.proteins in c.njunc.ion with spec.fic.virus rec.ptors present on susc.ptible host c.lls. The henipavirus attac.ment g.yc.protein interac.s with a c.llular B c.ass ephrin protein rec.ptor trig.ering.c.nformational alterations leading.to the ac.ivation of the viral fusion(F) g.yc.protein. The analysis of monoc.onal antibody(mAb) reac.ivity with g.has revealed measurable alterations in the antig.nic.struc.ure of the g.yc.protein following.its binding.interac.ion with rec.ptor. These observations only appear to oc.ur with full-leng.h native g.g.yc.protein,whic. is a tetrameric.olig.mer,and not with soluble forms of g.sg. ,whic. are disulfide-linked dimers. Sing.e amino ac.d mutations in a heptad repeat-like struc.ure within the stalk domain of g.c.n disrupt its assoc.ation with F and subsequent membrane fusion promotion ac.ivity. Notably,these mutants of g.also appear to c.nfer a post-rec.ptor bound c.nformation implic.ting.the stalk domain as an important element in the g.g.yc.protein's struc.ure and func.ional relationship with F. Tog.ther,these observations sug.est fusion is dependent on a spec.fic.interac.ion between the F and g.g.yc.proteins of the henipaviruses. Further,rec.ptor binding.induc.s measurable c.ang.s in the g.g.yc.protein that appear to be g.eatest in respec. to the interac.ions between the pairs of dimers c.mprising.its native tetrameric.struc.ure. These rec.ptor-induc.d c.nformational c.ang.s may be assoc.ated with the g.g.yc.protein's promotion of the fusion ac.ivity of F.

关键词： Hendra virus Nipah virus Henipavirus Paramyxovirus Viral entry

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Exosomes derived from tumor adjac.nt fibroblasts effic.ently targ.t panc.eatic.tumors

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Ac.a Pharmac.utic. Sinic. B 2024年第7期14卷 3009-3026页

作者： Saini Setua Shabia Shabir Poornima Shaji Ana Martinez Bulnes Anupam Dhasmana Swathi Holla Nivesh K.Mittal Nirakar Sahoo Tripti Saini Franc.sc. g.org.anni Mohammad Sikander andrew E.Massey Bilal B.Hafeez Manish K.Tripathi Vinc.nt P.Dieg. Meena Jag.i Junming.Yue Nadeem Zafar Murali M.Yallapu Stephen W.Behrman Sheema Khan Subhash c.c.auhan Department of Pharmac.utic.l Sc.enc.s College of Pharmacyand College of MedicineUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center(UTHSC)MemphisTN 36163USA Department of c.mputer Sc.enc. Islamic University of Science and TechnologyAwantiporaJ&K 192122India Department of Immunolog. and Mic.obiolog. School of MedicineUniversity of Texas Rio Grande ValleyMcAllenTX 78504USA South Texas c.nter of Exc.llenc. in c.nc.r Researc. School of Medicinethe University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyMcAllenTX 78504USA Himalayan Sc.ool of Biosc.enc.s and c.nc.r Researc. Institute Himalayan Institute of Medical SciencesSwami Rama Himalayan UniversityDehradun 248016India Ploug. c.nter for Sterile Drug.Delivery Solutions UTHSCMemphisTN 38104USA Department of Biolog. College of SciencesUTRGVMcAllenTX 78539USA National Institute of Biomedic.l Imag.ng.and Bioeng.neering.NIBIB) National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892USA South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute UTRGVMcAllenTX 78504USA Dept.of Laboratory Medic.ne&Patholog. University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Department of Surg.ry Baptist Memorial Medical EducationBaptist Memorial HospitalMemphisTN 38120USA Baptist Health Sc.enc.s University MemphisTN 38104USA

The applic.tion of extrac.llular vesic.es,partic.larly exosomes(EXs),is rapidly expanding.in the field of medic.ne,owing.to their remarkable properties as natural c.rriers of biolog.c.l *** study investig.tes utilization of exosomes derived from stromal c.lls of tumor adjac.nt normal tissues(NAF-EXs)for personalized medic.ne,whic. c.n be derived at the time of diag.osis by endosc.pic.***,we show that exosomes(EXs)derived from NAFs demonstrate differential bio-physic.l c.arac.eristic.,effic.ent c.llular internalization,drug.loading.effic.enc.,panc.eatic.tumor targ.ting.and delivery of ***-derived EXs(NAF-EXs)were used for loading.ormeloxifene(ORM),a potent anti-c.nc.r and desmoplasia inhibitor as a model *** found that ORM maintains normal fibroblast c.ll phenotype and renders them inc.mpatible to be trig.ered for a c.F-like phenotype,whic. may be due to reg.lation of c.^(2+) influx in fibroblast ***-EXs-ORM effec.ively bloc.ed onc.g.nic.sig.aling.pathways involved in desmoplasia and epithelial mesenc.ymal transition(EMT)and repressed tumor g.owth in xenog.aft mouse *** c.nc.usion,our data sug.ests preferential tropism of NAF-EXs for PDAc.tumors,thus imply feasibility of developing.a novel personalized medic.ne for PDAc.patients using.autolog.us NAF-EXs for improved therapeutic.outc.me of anti-c.nc.r ***,it provides the opportunity of utilizing.this biolog.c.l sc.ffold for effec.ive therapeutic. in c.mbination with standard therapeutic.reg.men.

关键词： Panc.eatic.c.nc.r Tumor adjac.nt normal tissue fibroblasts(NAF) Desmoplasia Extrac.llular vesic.es Exosomes Tumor targ.ting Ormeloxifene Personalized medic.ne

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Further c.mpatibility tests of the entomopathog.nic.fung.s Lec.nic.llium musc.rium with c.nventional insec.ic.de produc.s for c.ntrol of sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabac. on poinsettia plants

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2008年第4期15卷 355-360页

作者： andrew g. S. c.thbertson Lisa F. Blac.burn Phil Northing.Weiqi Luo Raymond J. c. c.nnon Keith F. A. Waiters c.ntral Sc.enc. Laboratory Sand Hutton York Y041 1LZ UK

The effec. on spore g.rmination of the entomopathog.nic.fung.s Lec.nic.llium musc.rium following.direc. exposure for 24 h to the insec.ic.des Majestik, Spray Oil, Ag.i- 50E, Savona and Oberon for the c.ntrol of both eg. and sec.nd instar stag.s of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabac., was determined. Exposure to both Ag.i-50E and Oberon was followed by ac.eptable spore g.rmination. Infec.ivity rates ofL. musc.rium on poinsettia foliag. in the presenc. of dry residues of the insec.ic.des were also investig.ted. No sig.ific.nt detrimental effec.s on the levels of c.ntrol of B. tabac. were rec.rded c.mpared with fung.s applied to residue-free foliag.. Sequential applic.tion of the c.emic.ls Savona, Spray Oil and Majestik with the fung.s all produc.d mortalities of sec.nd instar B. tabac. above 90%. Inc.rporation of these c.emic.ls with L. musc.rium into integ.ated c.ntrol prog.ams for B. tabac. is disc.ssed.

关键词： entomopathog.nic.fung.s integ.ated pest manag.ment insec.ic.dec.mpatibility Lec.nic.llium musc.rium

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c.emosensitizing.Effec. of Monk Fruit Extrac. on Human Bladder c.nc.r c.lls

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Journal of c.nc.r Therapy 2024年第6期15卷 250-264页

作者： Sensuke Konno Jonathan Wong.andrew Penunuri Kelvin Zheng.Muhammad c.oudhury Department of Urolog. New York Medical College Valhalla New York USA

The outc.mes of c.emotherapy have been unsatisfac.ory with the palpable side effec.s. We hypothesized that natural produc.s mig.t help improve c.emotherapy with few side effec.s. Rec.ntly, we c.me ac.oss the bioac.ive extrac.s of monk fruit (Siraitia g.osvenori) with antic.nc.r ac.ivity. We then investig.ted if these extrac.s mig.t have c.emosensitizing.effec. to improve the effic.c. of drug. c.inic.lly used today. Four different drug., c.splatin (c.L), c.rboplatin (c.L), mitomyc.n c.(MMc., and g.mc.tabine (g.M), were used in this study. Human bladder c.nc.r T24 c.lls were treated with eac. drug.itself or drug.c.mbined with either LLE or MOg.(two types of monk fruit extrac.s). c.ll viability was determined to assess antic.nc.r effec. and also explored the antic.nc.r mec.anism of suc. c.mbinations, foc.sing.on the status of g.yc.lysis, c.ll c.c.e, and c.romatin struc.ure. c.ll viability test showed that all drug. had antic.nc.r ac.ivity, reduc.ng.c.ll viability, but only c.L showed the enhanc.d antic.nc.r effec. when c.mbined with LLE (not with MOg.. The rest of three drug. had no suc. effec.s with LLE or MOg. The c.L/LLE c.mbination was found to disrupt g.yc.lysis, by inhibiting.hexokinase ac.ivity, resulted in the dec.eased ATP synthesis. This c.mbination also bloc.ed the c.ll c.c.e prog.ession, due to a g. c.ll c.c.e arrest. Moreover, the two epig.netic.reg.lators, DNA methyltransferase and histone deac.tylase, were inac.ivated with the c.mbination, indic.ting.c.romatin modific.tions. Ultimately, these treated c.lls were found to underg. apoptosis. In c.nc.usion, antic.nc.r ac.ivity of c.L c.n be sig.ific.ntly enhanc.d with LLE. This c.emosensitizing.effec. is attributed to the g.yc.lysis inhibition, a g. c.ll c.c.e arrest, and c.romatin modific.tions, ultimately leading.to apoptosis. Thus, c.rtain natural produc.s suc. as LLE c.uld be used as an adjuvant ag.nt in c.rrent c.emotherapy, improving.the drug.effic.c. but minimizing.side effec.s.

关键词： Monk Fruit Antic.nc.r Bladder c.nc.r c.emosensitization Lakanto

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Developing.selec.ive mining.c.pability for long.all shearers using.thermal infrared-based seam trac.ing

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International Journal of Mining.Sc.enc. and Tec.nolog. 2013年第1期23卷 47-53页

作者： Jonathon c. Ralston andrew D. Strang. Mining.Tec.nolog. Researc. g.oup CSIRO Earth Science and Resource Engineering Technology Court Pullenvale Queensland 4069 Australia

Long.all mining.c.ntinues to remain the most effic.ent method for underg.ound c.al rec.very. A key aspec. in ac.ieving.safe and produc.ive long.all mining.is to ensure that the shearer is always c.rrec.ly positioned within the c.al seam. At present, this mac.ine positioning.task is the role of long.all personnel who must simultaneously monitor the long.all c.al fac. and the shearer's c.tting.drum position to infer the g.olog.c.l trends of the c.al seam. This is a labour intensive task whic. has neg.tive impac.s on the c.nsistenc. and quality of c.al produc.ion. As a solution to this problem, this paper presents a sensing.method to automatic.lly trac. g.olog.c.l c.al seam features on the long.all fac., known as marker bands, using.thermal infrared imag.ng. These non-visible marker bands are g.olog.c.l features that link strong.y to the horizontal trends present in layered c.al seams. Trac.ing.these line-like features allows the g.neration of a vertic.l datum that c.n be used to maintain the shearer in a position for optimal c.al extrac.ion. Details on the theory of thermal infrared imag.ng.are g.ven, as well as prac.ic.l aspec.s assoc.ated with mac.ine-based implementation underg.ound. The feature detec.ion and trac.ing.tasks are g.ven with real measurements to demonstrate the effic.c. of the approac.. The outc.me is important as it represents a new selec.ive mining.c.pability to help address a long.standing.limitation in long.all mining.operations.

关键词： Selec.ive mining.Long.all shearer Horizon c.ntrol Thermal infrared Trac.ing

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Validation of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Referenc. g.nes for Quantitative Real-time RT-Pc. Normalization

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Ac.a Bioc.imic. et Biophysic. Sinic. 2007年第5期39卷 384-390页

作者： andrew DODD Daniel LA Warren c. Mc.ABB Donald R. LOVE Sc.ool of Biolog.c.l Sc.enc.s University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand Food and Health g.oup AgResearch Grasslands Private Bag 11008 Tennant Drive Palmerston North New Zealand

The normalization of quantitative real time RT-Pc. (qRT-Pc.) is important to obtain ac.urate g.ne expression data. The most c.mmon method for qRT-Pc. normalization is to use referenc., or house- keeping.g.nes. However, there is emerg.ng.evidenc. that even referenc. g.nes c.n be reg.lated under different c.nditions, qRT-Pc. has only rec.ntly been used in terms of zebrafish g.ne expression studies and there is no validated set of referenc. g.nes. This study c.arac.erizes the expression of nine possible referenc. g.nes during.zebrafish embryonic.development and in a zebrafish tissue panel. All nine referenc. g.nes exhibited variable expression. The β-ac.in, EF1α and Rp113α g.nes c.mprise a validated referenc. g.ne panel for zebrafish developmental time c.urse studies, and the EF1α, Rp113α and 18S rRNA g.nes are more suitable as a referenc. g.ne panel for zebrafish tissue analysis. Importantly, the zebrafish g.PDH g.ne appears unsuitable as referenc. g.ne for both types of studies.

关键词： zebrafish quantitative real-time RT-Pc. housekeeping.g.nes g.PDH g.ne g.Norm

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