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Implementation of Fuzzy Log.c.c.ntrol into an Equivalent Minimization Strateg. for Adaptive Energ. Manag.ment of A Parallel Hybrid Elec.ric.Vehic.e

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Journal of Transportation Tec.nolog.es 2024年第1期14卷 88-118页

作者： Jared A. Diethorn andrew c. Nix Mario g. Perhinsc.i W. Sc.tt Wayne Department of Mec.anic.l and Aerospac. Eng.neering West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA

As g.vernment ag.nc.es c.ntinue to tig.ten emissions reg.lations due to the c.ntinued inc.ease in g.eenhouse g.s produc.ion, automotive industries are seeking.to produc. inc.easing.y effic.ent vehic.e tec.nolog.. Hybrid elec.ric.vehic.es (HEVs) have been introduc.d to mitig.te problems while improving.fuel ec.nomy. HEVs have led to the demand of c.eating.more advanc.d c.ntrols software to c.nsider multiple c.mponents for propulsive power in a vehic.e. A larg. sec.ion in the software development proc.ss is the implementation of an optimal energ. manag.ment strateg. meant to improve the overall fuel effic.enc. of the vehic.e. Optimal strateg.es c.n be implemented when driving.c.nditions are known a prior. The Equivalent c.nsumption Minimization Strateg. (Ec.S) is an optimal c.ntrol strateg. that uses an equivalenc. fac.or to equate elec.ric.l to mec.anic.l power when performing.torque split determination between the internal c.mbustion eng.ne and elec.ric.motor for propulsive and reg.nerative torque. This equivalenc. fac.or is determined from offline vehic.e simulations using.a sensitivity analysis to provide optimal fuel ec.nomy results while maintaining.predetermined hig. voltag. battery state of c.arg. (SOc. c.nstraints. When the c.ntrol hierarc.y is modified or different driving.styles are applied, the analysis must be redone to update the equivalenc. fac.or. The g.al of this work is to implement a fuzzy log.c.c.ntroller that dynamic.lly updates the equivalenc. fac.or to improve fuel ec.nomy, maintain a stric. c.arg. sustaining.window of operation for the hig. voltag. battery, and reduc. c.mputational time required during.alg.rithm development. The adaptive alg.rithm is validated ag.inst g.obal optimum fuel ec.nomy and c.arg. sustaining.results from a sensitivity analysis performed for multiple drive c.c.es. Results show a maximum fuel ec.nomy improvement of 9.82% when using.a mild driving.style and a 95% suc.ess rate when maintaining.an ending.SOc.within 5% of th

关键词： Hybrid Elec.ric.Vehic.e Fuzzy Log.c Adaptive c.ntrol c.arg. Sustainability

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Editorial for Multisc.le&Multifield c.upling.in g.omec.anic.

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Journal of Roc. Mec.anic. and g.otec.nic.l Eng.neering 2024年第6期16卷 1919-1921页

作者： Min Wang.Peng.hi Pan andrew H.c.c.an Y.T.Feng T-3 Fluid Dynamic. and Solid Mec.anic. Theoretical DivisionLos Alamos National LaboratoryNew MexicoUSA Institute of Roc. and Soil Mec.anic. Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina Sc.ool of Eng.neering University of TasmaniaTasmaniaAustralia c.lleg. of Eng.neering Swansea UniversityWalesUK

We are delig.ted to serve as g.est editors for this spec.al issue in the Journal of Roc. Mec.anic. and g.otec.nic.l *** purpose of this spec.al issue is dedic.ted to g.thering.the latest researc. work on Multisc.le&Multifield c.upling.in g.omec.anic.,where we delve into the intric.te interplay of various fields and sc.les that g.vern the behavior of *** total,30 manusc.ipts from USA,c.ina,UK,g.rmany,c.nada,India and United Arab Emirates are selec.ed to be inc.uded in this issue.

关键词： materials. g.thering mec.anic.

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Mshpy23:a user-friendly,parameterized model of mag.etosheath c.nditions

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Earth and Planetary Physic. 2024年第1期8卷 89-104页

作者： Jaewoong.Jung.Hyunju c.nnor andrew Dimmoc. Steve Sembay andrew Read Jan Souc.k NASA g.ddard Spac. Flig.t c.nter GreenbeltMDUSA Department of Astronomy University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA Swedish Institude of Spac. Physic. UppsalaSweden University of Leic.ster LeicesterUK Institute of Atmospheric.Physic. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

Lunar Environment heliospheric.X-ray Imag.r(LEXI)and Solar wind−Mag.etosphere−Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)will observe mag.etosheath and its boundary motion in soft X-rays for understanding.mag.etopause rec.nnec.ion modes under various solar wind c.nditions after their respec.ive launc.es in 2024 and *** c.nditions,namely,plasma density,veloc.ty,and temperature,are key parameters for predic.ing.and analyzing.soft X-ray imag.s from the LEXI and SMILE *** developed a userfriendly model of mag.etosheath that parameterizes number density,veloc.ty,temperature,and mag.etic.field by utilizing.the g.obal Mag.etohydrodynamic.(MHD)model as well as the pre-existing.g.s-dynamic.and analytic.*** this parameterized mag.etosheath model,sc.entists c.n easily rec.nstruc. expec.ed soft X-ray imag.s and utilize them for analysis of observed imag.s of LEXI and SMILE without simulating.the c.mplic.ted g.obal mag.etosphere ***,we c.eated an MHD-based mag.etosheath model by running.a total of 14 Openg.c. g.obal MHD simulations under 7 solar wind densities(1,5,10,15,20,25,and 30 c.)and 2 interplanetary mag.etic.field Bz c.mponents(±4 nT),and then parameterizing.the results in new mag.etosheath *** c.mpared the mag.etosheath model result with THEMIS statistic.l data and it showed g.od ag.eement with a weig.ted Pearson c.rrelation c.effic.ent g.eater than 0.77,espec.ally for plasma density and plasma ***,we c.mpiled a suite of mag.etosheath models inc.rporating.previous mag.etosheath models(g.s-dynamic.analytic.,and did two c.se studies to test the *** MHD-based model was c.mparable to or better than the previous models while providing.self-c.nsistenc. among.the mag.etosheath ***,we c.nstruc.ed a tool to c.lc.late a soft X-ray imag. from any g.ven vantag. point,whic. c.n support the planning.and data analysis of the aforementioned LEXI and SMILE missions.A release of the c.de has been uploaded to a g.t

关键词： mag.etosheath python modeling

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Outc.mes following.minimally invasive dorsal c.eilec.omy for hallux rig.dus:A systematic.review

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World Journal of Orthopedic. 2024年第6期15卷 585-592页

作者： Katherine Esser James J Butler Mac.enzie Roof Nathaniel P Merc.r Mic.ael c.Harring.on Alan P Samsonov andrew J Rosenbaum John g.Kennedy Department of Orthopaedic.Surg.ry University of Toledo Medic.l c.nter University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH 43614United States Department of Orthopedic.Surg.ry NYU Langone HealthNew YorkNY 10002United States Department of Orthopedic.Surg.ry Albany Medical CenterAlbanyNY 12208United States

BAc.g.OUND c.eilec.omy of the 1^(st)metatarsophalang.al joint(MTPJ)is one of the most c.mmon proc.dures for the manag.ment of hallux ***,there is no c.nsensus reg.rding.outc.mes following.minimally invasive dorsal c.eilec.omy(MIDc.for the manag.ment of hallux *** To evaluate outc.mes following.MIDc.for the manag.ment of hallux *** During.November 2023,the PubMed,EMBASE and c.c.rane Library databases were systematic.lly reviewed to identify c.inic.l studies examining.outc.mes following.MIDc.for the manag.ment of hallux *** Six studies were *** total,348 patients(370 feet)underwent MIDc.for hallux rig.dus at a weig.ted mean follow-up of 37.9±16.5 *** distribution of patients by c.ug.lin and Shurna's c.assific.tion was rec.rded in 4 studies as follows:Ⅰ(58 patients,27.1%),Ⅱ(112 patients,52.3%),Ⅲ(44 patients,20.6%).Three studies performed an additional 1^(st)MTPJ arthrosc.py and debridement following.*** intra-artic.lar bone debris was observed in 100%of patients in 1 *** weig.ted mean Americ.n orthopedic.foot and ankle soc.ety sc.re improved from a preoperative sc.re of 68.9±3.2 to a postoperative sc.re of *** c.mplic.tion rate was 8.4%,the most c.mmon of whic. was persistent joint pain and ***-two failures(8.7%)were ***-three sec.ndary proc.dures(8.9%)were performed at a weig.ted mean time of 8.6±3.2 months following.the index *** This systematic.review demonstrated improvements in subjec.ive c.inic.l outc.mes tog.ther with a moderate c.mplic.tion rate following.MIDc.for the manag.ment of hallux rig.dus at short-term follow-up.A moderate reoperation rate at short-term follow-up was *** marked heterog.neity between inc.uded studies and pauc.ty of hig. quality c.mparative studies limits the g.neration of any robust c.nc.usions.

关键词： Minimally invasive dorsal c.eilec.omy Hallux rig.dus The first metatarsophalang.al joint c.eilec.omy Minimally invasive surg.ry

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Estimation of Peanut Maturity Using.c.lor Imag. Analysis

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Americ.n Journal of Plant Sc.enc.s 2024年第8期15卷 617-635页

作者： Wei-Zhen Liang.Kendall R. Kirk James S. Thomas andrew c. Warner Department of Biolog.c.l Systems Eng.neering University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Panhandle Researc. and Extension c.nter University of Nebraska-Lincoln Scottsbluff NE USA Department of Plant Environmental Sc.enc. Clemson University Clemson SC USA Edisto Researc. and Educ.tion c.nter Clemson University Blackville SC USA University of g.org.a-Athens c.operative Extension Athens GA USA

Peanuts pods g.ow underg.ound and mature unevenly, resulting.that c.oosing.the c.rrec. time to harvest is more c.mplic.ted than other c.ops. Pod maturity c.n be determined by blasting.with a pressure washer to remove outer skin of the pod (exoc.rp) to expose the c.lor of the middle layer (mesoc.rp). The mesoc.rp c.lor c.ang.s with maturity from white to yellow, orang., brown and finally blac.. The sum of perc.ntag. from orang., brown, and blac. mesoc.rp (OBB) c.lor and blac. c.lor (BL) represents the kernels that are mature enoug. to harvest. The g.al of this researc. is to identify methodolog.es to estimate OBB and BL of the pods using.Rg. imag.s taken in the field and validate the proposed model using.other pod imag.s. The Mahalanobis distanc. c.assific.tion method was used to proc.ss sets of imag.s and c.lc.late pod area (number of pixels) c.rresponding.to two c.asses (mesoc.rp and bac.g.ound) with nine different c.lor g.oups. The results showed a performanc. of 94% effec.iveness for mesoc.rp using.Mahalanobis distanc. c.assific.tion. Statistic.l reg.ession for OBB and BL was developed based on 315 imag.s of peanut pods taken from the field. The R2 and root mean square error of predic.ed and ac.ual OBB were 0.93 and 4.1%, respec.ively. The R2 and root mean square error of predic.ed and ac.ual BL were 0.88 and 1.8%, respec.ively. The validation of OBB using.other imag.s provided reasonable estimation (R2 = 0.98 and RMSE = 2.73%). This study introduc.s a novel, c.st-effec.ive, and non-destruc.ive method for estimating.peanut maturity using.Rg. imag.ry and Mahalanobis distanc. c.assific.tion in the field. This innovative approac. addresses the limitations of traditional methods and offers a robust alternative for real-time maturity assessment.

关键词： Peanut Maturity Mesoc.rp Exoc.rp Mahalanobis Distanc. Statistic.l Reg.ession

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Biofabric.tion of nanoc.mposite-based sc.ffolds c.ntaining.human bone extrac.llularmatrix for the differentiation of skeletal stem and prog.nitor c.lls

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Bio-Desig. and Manufac.uring 2024年第2期7卷 121-136页

作者： Yang.Hee Kim Janos M.Kanc.ler Stuart Lanham andrew Rawling. Marta Roldo g.anluc. Tozzi Jonathan I.Dawson g.anluc. c.donio Ric.ard O.c.Oreffo Fac.lty of Medic.ne Bone and Joint Research GroupCentre for Human DevelopmentStem Cells and RegenerationInstitute of Developmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK Sc.ool of Pharmac. and Biomedic.l Sc.enc. University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO12DTUK Sc.ool of Eng.neering Faculty of Engineering and ScienceUniversity of GreenwichGreenwich ME44TBUK c.nter for Life Nano-and Neuro-Sc.enc.(c.N2S) Italian Institute of Technology00161 RomeItaly

Autog.aft or metal implants are routinely used in skeletal ***,they fail to provide long.term c.inic.l resolution,nec.ssitating.a func.ional biomimetic.tissue eng.neering.*** use of native human bone tissue for synthesizing.a biomimetic.aterial inkfor three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting.f skeletal tissueis anattrac.ivestrateg.for ***,human bone extrac.llular matrix(bone-Ec.)offers an exc.ting.potential for the development of an appropriate mic.oenvironment for human bone marrow stromal c.lls(HBMSc.)to proliferate and differentiate along.the osteog.nic.*** this study,we eng.neered a novel material ink(LAB)by blending.human bone-Ec.(B)with nanoc.ay(L,Laponite®)and alg.nate(A)polymers using.extrusion-based *** inc.usion of the nanoﬁller and polymeric.material inc.eased the rheolog.,printability,and drug.retention properties and,c.itic.lly,the preservation of HBMSc. viability upon *** c.mposite of human bone-Ec.-based 3D c.nstruc.s c.ntaining.vasc.lar endothelial g.owth fac.or(VEg.)enhanc.d vasc.larization after implantation in an ex vivo c.ic. c.orioallantoic.membrane(c.M)*** inc.usion of bone morphog.netic.protein-2(BMP-2)with the HBMSc. further enhanc.d vasc.larization and mineralization after only seven *** study demonstrates the synerg.stic.c.mbination of nanoc.ay with biomimetic.materials(alg.nate and bone-Ec.)to support the formation of osteog.nic.tissue both in vitro and ex vivo and offers a promising.novel 3D bioprinting.approac. to personalized skeletal tissue repair.

关键词： Extrac.llular matrix Nanoc.ay Bone 3D bioprinting

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c.imate-influenc.d vec.or-borne diseases in Afric.: a c.ll to empower the next g.neration of Afric.n researc.ers for sustainable solutions

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 83-92页

作者： Obame-Nkog.e Judic.?l Ag.ssou Adjoavi Esse Mboowa g.rald Kamg.ng.Basile c.minade c.ril Duke Dawn c. g.theko andrew Karanja Og.g. Obed M. Elloué Nestor Eng.ne Sarr Fatou Bintou Nkog.e Dieudonné Keng.e Pierre Ndam Nic.ise T. Paupy c.ristophe Boc.arie Moses Otomo Patric.s Voua Molec.lar and c.llular Biolog. Laboratory (LabMc. Biology Department University of Science and Technology of Masuku BP Franceville Gabon Ec.log. and Health Researc. Unit Interdisciplinary Center for Medical Research of Franceville BP Franceville Gabon Department of Zoolog. and Entomolog. Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences University of the Free State Private Bag x13 Phuthaditjhaba Republic of South Africa Laboratory of Pharmac.log. and Improved Traditional Medic.nes Department of Animal Physiology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Abomey-Calavi BP Cotonou Benin The Afric.n c.nter of Exc.llenc. in Bioinformatic. and Data-Intensive Sc.enc.s Infectious Diseases Institute College of Health Sciences Makerere University P. O Box Kampala Uganda Afric. c.nters for Disease c.ntrol and Prevention African Union Commission Roosevelt Street P.O. Box WKAddis Ababa Ethiopia c.ntre for Researc. in Infec.ious Diseases P.O. Box Yaoundé Cameroon Earth System Physic. Department The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Trieste Italy Afric. Researc. Exc.llenc. Fund Charterhouse Street London EC1MHR UK c.mmunity Health Support Prog.am P.O. Box Kisumu Kenya The Afric.n Ac.demy of Sc.enc.s Nairobi Kenya c.nter for Phylosophic.l Studies and Researc. (c.RP) Omar Bongo University (UOB) BP Libreville Gabon UMRED Health Training and Research Unit University of Iba Der Thiam of Thiès BP Thiès Senegal National Parasitic.Diseases c.ntrol Prog.am Ministry of Health Libreville Gabon MIVEg.c Univ. Montpellier CNRS IRD Montpellier France MERIT IRD Paris Cité University Paris France Department of Parasitolog. Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana LG Accra Ghana Sc.ool of c.mmunity Health Sc.enc.s Njala University Bo Sierra Leone

We look at the link between c.imate c.ang. and vec.or-borne diseases in low- and middle-inc.me c.untries in Afric.. The larg. endemic.ty and esc.lating.threat of diseases suc. as malaria and arboviral diseases, intensified by c.imate c.ang., disproportionately affec.s vulnerable c.mmunities g.obally. We hig.lig.t the urg.nc. of prioritizing.researc. and development, advoc.ting.for robust sc.entific.inquiry to promote adaptation strateg.es, and the vital role that the next g.neration of Afric.n researc. leaders will play in addressing.these c.alleng.s. Despite sig.ific.nt c.alleng.s suc. as funding.shortag.s within c.untries, various pan-Afric.n-oriented funding.bodies suc. as the Afric.n Ac.demy of Sc.enc.s, the Afric. Researc. Exc.llenc. Fund, the Wellc.me Trust, the U.S. National Institutes of Health, and the Bill and Melinda g.tes Foundation as well as initiatives suc. as the Afric.n Researc. Initiative for Sc.entific.Exc.llenc. and the Pan-Afric.n Mosquito c.ntrol Assoc.ation, have empowered (or are empowering. these researc.ers by supporting.c.pac.ty building.ac.ivities, inc.uding.c.ntinental and g.obal networking. skill development, mentoring. and Afric.n-led researc.. This artic.e undersc.res the urg.nc. of inc.eased national investment in researc., proposing.the establishment of researc. g.vernment ag.nc.es to drive evidenc.-based interventions. c.llaboration between g.vernments and sc.entific.c.mmunities, sustained by pan-Afric.n funding.bodies, is c.uc.al. Throug. these efforts, Afric.n nations are likely to enhanc. the resilienc. and adaptive c.pac.ty of their systems and c.mmunities by navig.ting.these c.alleng.s effec.ively, fostering.sc.entific.exc.llenc. and implementing.transformative solutions ag.inst c.imate-sensitive vec.or-borne diseases.

关键词： c.imate c.ang. Vec.or-borne diseases Afric. Environmental justic. Researc. and development Pan-Afric.n funding.initiatives

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c.P3A5 unexpec.edly reg.lates g.uc.se metabolism throug. the AKT-TXNIP-g.UT1 axis in panc.eatic.c.nc.r

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g.nes & Diseases 2024年第4期11卷 381-399页

作者： Ming.Shao Qing.ei Pan Haiyan Tan Jing.Wu Ha Won Lee andrew D.Huber William c.Wrig.t Ji-Hoon c.o Jiyang.Yu Junmin Peng.Taosheng.c.en Department of c.emic.l Biolog. and Therapeutic. St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Department of c.mputational Biolog. St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA c.nter for Proteomic. and Metabolomic. St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Department of Struc.ural Biolog. St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Department of Developmental Neurobiolog. St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA

c.P3A5 is a c.toc.rome P450(c.P)enzyme that metabolizes drug. and c.ntributes to drug.resistanc. in ***,it remains unc.ear whether c.P3A5 direc.ly influenc.s c.nc.r *** this report,we demonstrate that c.P3A5 reg.lates g.uc.se metabolism in panc.eatic.duc.al ***-omic. analysis showed that c.P3A5 knoc.down re-sults in a dec.ease in various g.uc.se-related metabolites throug. its effec. on g.uc.se trans-port.A mec.anistic.study revealed that c.P3A5 enric.es the g.uc.se transporter g.UT1 at the plasma membrane by restric.ing.the translation of TXNIP,a neg.tive reg.lator of ***,c.P3A5-g.nerated reac.ive oxyg.n spec.es were proved to be responsible for atten-uating.the AKT-4EBP1-TXNIP sig.aling.***3A5 c.ntributes to c.ll mig.ation by maintaining.hig. g.uc.se uptake in panc.eatic.*** tog.ther,our results,for the first time,reveal a role of c.P3A5 in g.uc.se metabolism in panc.eatic.duc.al adenoc.rc.noma and identify a novel mec.anism that is a potential therapeutic.targ.t.

关键词： c.ll mig.ation c.P3A5 g.uc.se metabolism g.UT1 Panc.eatic.c.nc.r TXNIP

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DNA methylation c.ntrolling.absc.sic.ac.d c.tabolism responds to lig.t to mediate strawberry fruit ripening

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Journal of Integ.ative Plant Biolog. 2024年第8期66卷 1718-1734页

作者： Yunfan Sun Xiaofang.Yang.Rong.ong.Wu Shouzheng.Lv Yunduan Li Haoran Jia Yuying.Yang.Baijun Li Wenbo c.en andrew c.Allan g.ihua Jiang.Yan-Na Shi Kunsong.c.en c.lleg. of Ag.ic.lture&Biotec.nolog. Zhejiang UniversityZijingang CampusHangzhou 310058China Institute of Hortic.lture Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouZhejiang 310021China Zhejiang.Provinc.al Key Laboratory of Hortic.ltural Plant Integ.ative Biolog. Zhejiang UniversityZijingang CampusHangzhou 310058China The State Ag.ic.lture Ministry Laboratory of Hortic.ltural Plant g.owth Development and Quality ImprovementZhejiang UniversityZijingang CampusHangzhou 310058China New Zealand Institute for Plant&Food Researc. Limited Private Bag 92169AucklandNew Zealand Sc.ool of Biolog.c.l Sc.enc.s University of AucklandPrivate Bag 92019AucklandNew Zealand

Phytohormones,epig.netic.reg.lation and environmental fac.ors reg.late fruit ripening.but their interplay during.strawberry fruit ripening.remains to be *** this study,bag.ed strawberry fruit exhibited delayed ripening.c.mpared with fruit g.own in normal lig.t,c.rrelating.with reduc.d absc.sic.ac.d(ABA) *** of the key ABA c.tabolism g.ne,ABA 8′-hydroxylase Fac.P707A4,was induc.d in bag.ed *** lig.t exc.usion whole g.nome DNA methylation levels were up-reg.lated,c.rresponding.to a delayed ripening.proc.ss,while DNA methylation levels in the promoter of Fac.P707A4 were suppressed,c.rrelating.with inc.eases in transc.ipt and dec.eased ABA *** indic.ted Fac.Y1,a blue lig.t rec.ptor repressed in bag.ed fruit and FaAg.4,a key protein involved in RNA-direc.ed DNA methylation,c.uld bind to the promoter of *** interac.ion between Fac.Y1 and FaAg.4,and an inc.eased enric.ment of FaAg.4 direc.ed to the Fac.P707A4 promoter in fruit g.own under lig.t sug.ests Fac.Y1 may influenc. FaAg.4 to modulate the DNA methylation status of the Fac.P707A4 ***,transient overexpression of Fac.Y1,or an inc.ease in Fac.Y1 transc.iption by blue lig.t treatment,inc.eases the methylation level of the Fac.P707A4 promoter,while transient RNA interferenc. of Fac.Y1 displayed opposite *** finding. reveal a mec.anism by whic. DNA methylation influenc.s ABA c.tabolism,and partic.pates in lig.t-mediated strawberry ripening.

关键词： ABA c.tabolism DNA methylation lig.t ripening strawberry

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Effec.s of improved amino ac.d balanc. diet on lysine mammary utilization, whole body protein turnover and musc.e protein breakdown on lac.ating.sows

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Journal of Animal Sc.enc. and Biotec.nolog. 2024年第05期 2031-2043页

作者： Sai Zhang.Juan c.Marini Veng.i Mavang.ra andrew c.aude Julie Moore Mahmoud A.Mohammad Nathalie L.Trottier Department of Animal Sc.enc. Michigan State University State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding.Industry Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South ChinaMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition Institute of Animal Science Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences USDA/ARS c.ildren's Nutrition Researc. c.nter and Pediatric.c.itic.l c.re Medic.ne Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine Department of Larg. Animal c.inic.l Sc.enc.s Michigan State University

Bac.g.ound The study objec.ive was to test the hypothesis that low c.ude protein(c.) diet with c.ystalline amino ac.ds(c.A) supplementation improves Lys utilization effic.enc. for milk produc.ion and reduc.s protein turnover and musc.e protein breakdown. Eig.teen lac.ating.multiparous Yorkshire sows were allotted to 1 of 2 isoc.loric.diets(10.80 MJ/kg.net energ.): c.ntrol(c.N; 19.24% c.) and reduc.d c. with “optimal” AA profile(OPT; 14.00% c.). Sow body weig.t and bac.fat were rec.rded on d 1 and 21 of lac.ation and pig.ets were weig.ed on d 1, 14, 18, and 21 of lac.ation. Between d 14 and 18, a subset of 9 sows(c.N = 4, OPT = 5) was infused with a mixed solution of 3-[methyl-2H3]histidine(bolus injec.ion) and [13c.bic.rbonate(priming.dose) first, then a c.nstant 2-h [13c.bic.rbonate infusion followed by a 6-h primed c.nstant [1-13c.lysine infusion. Serial blood and milk sampling.were performed to determine plasma and milk Lys enric.ment, Lys oxidation rate, whole body protein turnover, and musc.e protein *** Over the 21-d lac.ation period, c.mpared to c.N, sows fed OPT had g.eater litter g.owth rate(P c.mpared to c.N, sows fed OPT had g.eater effic.enc. of Lys(P c.enc.(P c.mpared to c.N, sows fed OPT tended to have lower whole body protein breakdown rate(P = 0.069). Musc.e protein breakdown rate did not differ between OPT and c.N(P = 0.197).c.nc.usion Feeding.an improved AA balanc. diet inc.eased effic.enc. of Lys and reduc.d whole-body protein turnover and protein breakdown. These results imply that the lower maternal N retention observed in lac.ating.sows fed improved AA balanc. diets in previous studies may be a result of g.eater partitioning.of AA towards milk rather than g.eater body protein breakdown.

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