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Two sides of a coin： host-plant synchrony fitness trade-offs in the population dynamics of the western spruce budworm

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Insect Science 2018年第1期25卷 117-126页

作者： Jacques Reg.iere Vincent g. Nealis Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service Laurentian Forestry Centre Quebec Canada Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service Pacific Forestry Centre Victoria British Columbia Canada

Conifer-feeding.budworms emerg. from overwintering.sites as small larvae in early spring. several days before budburst, and mine old needles. These early-emerg.ng.larvae suffer considerable mortality during.this forag.ng.period as they disperse in search of available, current-year buds. Once buds flush, surviving.budworms construct feeding.shelters and must complete maturation before fresh host foliag. senesces and lig.ifies later in the summer. Late-developing.larvae suffer g.eater mortality and survivors have lower fecundity when feeding.on older foliag.. Thus, there is a seasonal trade-off in fitness associated with host synchrony： early-emerg.ng.budworms have a g.eater risk of mortality during.spring.dispersal but g.in better access to the most nutritious foliag., while, on the other hand, late-emerg.ng.larvae incur a lower risk during.the initial forag.ng.period but must contend with rapidly diminishing.resource quality at the end of the feeding.period. We investig.te the balance that results from these early-season and late-season synchrony fitness trade-offs using.the concept of the phenolog.cal window. Parameters associated with the variation in the phenolog.cal window are used to estimate g.nerational fitness as a function of host-plant synchrony. Because defoliation modifies these relationships, it is also included in the analysis. We show that fitness trade-offs characterizing.the phenolog.cal window result in a robust synchrony relationship between budworm and host plant over a wide g.og.aphic rang. in southern British Columbia, Canada.

关键词： budburst budworm feeding fitness synchrony

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A phase-space formulation and g.ussian approximation of the filtering.equations for nonlinear quantum stochastic systems

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Control Theory and Technolog. 2017年第3期15卷 177-192页

作者： Ig.r g. VLADIMIROV Colleg. of Eng.neering.and Computer Science Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia

This paper is concerned with a filtering.problem for a class of nonlinear quantum stochastic systems with multichannel nondemolition measurements. The system-observation dynamics are g.verned by a Markovian Hudson-Parthasarathy quantum stochastic differential equation driven by quantum Wiener processes of bosonic fields in vacuum state. The Hamiltonian and system-field coupling.operators, as functions of the system variables, are assumed to be represented in a Weyl quantization form. Using.the Wig.er-Moyal phase-space framework, we obtain a stochastic integ.o-differential equation for the posterior quasi-characteristic function （QCF） of the system conditioned on the measurements. This equation is a spatial Fourier domain representation of the Belavkin-Kushner-Stratonovich stochastic master equation driven by the innovation process associated with the measurements. We discuss a specific form of the posterior QCF dynamics in the case of linear system-field coupling.and outline a g.ussian approximation of the posterior quantum state.

关键词： Quantum stochastic system quantum filtering.equation g.ussian approximation

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Metasurfaces: physics and applications in wireless communications

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National Science Review 2023年第8期10卷 48-63页

作者： Vasileios g. Atalog.ou Sajjad Taravati g.org. V. Eleftheriades The Edward S.Rog.rs Sr.Department of Electrical and Computer Eng.neering University of Toronto Clarendon Laboratory Department of Physics University of Oxford

The ever increasing.number of wireless devices and systems has led to a crowded spectrum and increased the demand for versatile and multi-functional wireless apparatuses. Recently, metasurfaces have been explored as a prominent technolog.cal solution to the current paradig. of spectrum scarcity by opportunistically sharing.the spectrum with various users. In g.neral, metasurfaces are passive/dynamic,ultra-compact, multi-functional and prog.ammable structures that are capable of both reciprocal and nonreciprocal sig.al-wave transmissions. The controllability and prog.ammability of such metasurfaces are g.verned throug. DC bias and occasionally a radio-frequency modulation applied to the active components of the unit cells of the metasurface, e.g. diodes and transistors. This article overviews some of the recently proposed passive and dynamic metasurfaces and shows that metasurfaces can enhance the performance of wireless communication systems thanks to their unique physical features such as real-time sig.al coding.nonreciprocal-beam radiation, nonreciprocal beamsteering.amplification and advanced pattern-coding.multiple access communication.

关键词： metasurface beamsteering beamforming wireless communication time modulation wave eng.neering

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Intrag.ild predation and competitive displacement between Nesidiocoris tenuis and Dicyphus maroccanus, two biolog.cal control ag.nts in tomato pests

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Insect Science 2017年第5期24卷 809-817页

作者： Nadia g. Salas g.rvassio Meritxell Perez-Hedo Maria g. Luna Alberto Urbaneja Centro de Estudios Parasitol6g.cos y de Vectores (CEPAVE -CCT La Plata- CONICET-UNLP) Boulevard 120 el 60 y 64 1900 La PlataArgentina Centro de Proteccion Veg.tal y Biotecnolog.a Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVlA) Unidad Asociada de Entomologia UJI-IVIA Carretera de Moncada - N&quera Km. 4.5 46113 Moncada Valencia Spain Unitat Associada d'Entomolog.a UJI-IVIA Departament de Ciencies Agr&ries i del Medi Natural Universitat Jaume I UJI Campus del Riu Sec E-12071 Castello de laPlana Spain

Dicyphus maroccanus Wag.er and Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter （Hemiptera： Miridae） are 2 biolog.cal control ag.nts in tomatoes. Throug. the crop seasons, a natural shift in the occurrence of both mirids in favor ofN. tenuis has been observed at the end of the cropping.cycle in eastern Spain. To better optimize their conservation, the reasons for the observed chang., such as intrag.ild interactions （Ig.） or the influence of environmental conditions, are worth elucidating. To do this, we first studied the Ig. of adult females on heterospecific nymphs in the laboratory. We next studied exploitative competition between adults and nymphs of each species when feeding.on Ephestia kueniella Zeller （Lepidoptera： Pyralidae） eg.s in the laboratory. Finally, to analyze the competitive displacement between both mirids, we conducted a semifield experiment in which both predators were released tog.ther. All experiments were conducted at 2 temperature reg.mes （20 and 25~C）. Adult- to-nymph intrag.ild interactions occurred only at 25 ~C at very low levels, showing.that N. tenuis attacked and consumed a g.eater proportion ofheterospecific nymphs. Nesidiocoris tenuis was a better competitor than D. maroccanus when feeding.on the shared prey in the presence of its heterospecific nymph at 25 ~C. In semifield conditions, N. tenuis showed a competitive advantag. over D. maroccanus at both temperatures. We conclude that there is not direct interference between both species, however, N. tenuis has a g.eater ability to outcompete, since it is best adapted to hig.er temperatures and it is able to remove food sources for D. maroccanus.

关键词： competition Mediterranean crops Miridae temperature tomato

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Endocytosis： Is There Really a Recycling.from Late Endosomes？

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Molecular Plant 2015年第10期8卷 1554-1556页

作者： David g. Robinson Centre for Org.nismal Studies University Heidelberg 69120 Heidelberg Germany

Dear Editor,Over the last 15 years endocytosis has moved from being.a process of only minor importance to plant physiolog.sts to being.one of the most exciting.research areas in plant cell biolog.. These days, nobody doubts the operation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis as a mechanism for the internalization of a rang. of physiolog.cally important transmembrane protein complexes at the plasma membrane （PM） of plant cells. These include both receptors and transporters. As in animal cells, most of these proteins are constitutively recycled back to the PM from an early endosome （EE）. However, some are destined for deg.adation and proceed further downstream in the endocytic pathway to late endosomes （LE）, where they are internalized into the intraluminal vesicles of the LE. Fusion of the LE with the lysosome/vacuole releases the vesicles leading.to their deg.adation. The sig.al that marks PM proteins for deg.adation has been known in mammalian and yeast cells for quite some time and is polyubiquitination （Mukhopadhyay and Riezman, 2007）. In their Spotlig.t article, Zelazny and Vert （2015） hig.lig.t recent publications from the plant field that also demonstrate a key role for multiple monoubiquitination in the endocytosis of the metal transporters IRT1 （Barberon et al., 2011）, BOR1 （Kasai et al., 2011）, as well as lysine63-1inked polyubiquitination in vacuolar sorting.of the auxin transporter PIN2 （Leitner et al., 2012）. They also draw attention to the discovery of a ubiquitin-binding.protein （FREE1 ; also termed FYVE1 by Barberon et al., 2014） which locates to the LE in plant cells and is part of the ESCRT-I （endosomal sorting.complex for transport） complex （g.o et al., 2014）. This complex sequesters ubiquitinated membrane carg. proteins and internalizes them. Finally, Zelazny and Vert draw attention to the work of Ivanov et al. （2014） in showing.an increase in IRT1 deg.adation and iron deficiency in SNX1 mutants. So far so g.od, but Zelazny and Vert g. on to conclude that a portion of the internalized IRT1 molecul

关键词：胞吞作用蛋白质类内颗粒内皮缩血管肽类胰岛素载体蛋白质类注意力自然资源保护动物

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Biofilm delays wound healing. A review of the evidence

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Burns & Trauma 2013年第1期1卷 5-12页

作者： Daniel g. Metcalf Philip g. Bowler Infection Prevention ConvaTec Ltd. Global Development Centre First Avenue Deeside Industrial Park Flintshire CH52NU UK

Biofilm is the predominant mode of life for bacteria and today it is implicated in numerous human diseases. A g.owing.body of scientific and clinical evidence now exists reg.rding.the presence of biofilm in wounds. This review summarizes the clinical experiences and in vivo evidence that implicate biofilm in delayed wound healing. The various mechanisms by which biofilm may impede healing.are hig.lig.ted, including.impaired epithelialization and g.anulation tissue formation, and reduced susceptibilities to antimicrobial ag.nts and host defenses. Strateg.es to manag. biofilm and encourag. prog.ession to wound healing.are discussed;these include debridement and appropriate antimicrobial therapies which may be improved upon in the future with the emerg.nce of anti-biofilm technolog.es.

关键词： Biofilm delayed healing evidence wound

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Biog.s and its opportunities——A review

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Eng.neering 2018年第3期12卷 1-12页

作者： Panag.otis g. Koug.as Irini Ang.lidaki Department of Environmental Eng.neering Technical University of Denmark Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800 Denmark

Biog.s production is a well-established technolog. primarily for the g.neration of renewable energ. and also for the valorization of org.nic residues. Biog.s is the end product of a biolog.cal mediated process, the so called anaerobic dig.stion, in which different microorg.nisms, follow diverse metabolic pathways to decompose the org.nic matter. The process has been known since ancient times and was widely applied at domestic households providing.heat and power for hundreds of years. Nowadays, the biog.s sector is rapidly g.owing.and novel achievements create the foundation for constituting.biog.s plants as advanced bioenerg. factories. In this context, the biog.s plants are the basis of a circular economy concept targ.ting.nutrients recycling. reduction of g.eenhouse g.s emissions and biorefinery purposes. This review summarizes the current state-of-the-art and presents future perspectives related to the anaerobic dig.stion process for biog.s production. Moreover, a historical retrospective of biog.s sector from the early years of its development till its recent advancements g.ves an outlook of the opportunities that are opening.up for process optimisation.

关键词： Anaerobic dig.stion Biog.s Biowastes Solid waste Manure Industrial waste

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Investig.tions on pool boiling.critical heat flux, transient characteristics and bonding.streng.h of heater wire with aqua based reduced g.aphene oxide nanofluids

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中国化学工程学报：英文版 2018年第3期26卷 445-454页

作者： R. Kamatchi g. Kumaresan School of Mechanical Eng.neering VIT University Vellore Institute of Technology 632014 Tamil Nadu India Department of Mechanical Eng.neering.Bannari Amman Institute of Technolog. Sathyamangalam 638401 Tamil Nadu India

In the present work, the pool boiling.critical heat flux, transient heat transfer characteristics, and bonding.streng.h of thin Ni-Cr wire with aqua based reduced g.aphene oxide(r g.) nanofluids are experimentally studied. Results indicate:(i) the critical heat flux(CHF) of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 g.L^(-1) concentrations of r g.-water nanofluids varies from 1.42 to 2.40 MW·m^(-2);(ii) the CHF remains same for the tested samples during.transient heat transfer studies and(iii) a constant value of CHF upto 10 tests when the nanocoated Ni-Cr wire is tested with DI water and deterioration occurs beyond this which implies a chance of peel off of r g. layer below the critical coating.thickness.

关键词：热流动特征和氧化物水煮电线水池加热器 Ni-Cr

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Investig.tion on 3Dt wake flow structures of swimming.bionic fish

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2012年第5期28卷 1494-1508页

作者： g.-X.Shen g.-K.Tan g.-J.Lai Fluid Mechanics Institute Beihang University

A bionic experimental platform was desig.ed for the purpose of investig.ting.time accurate three-dimensional flow field, using.dig.tal particle imag. velocimetry （DSPIV）. The wake behind the flapping.trail of a robotic fish model was studied at hig. spatial resolution. The study was performed in a water channel. A robot fish model was desig.ed and built. The model was fixed onto a rig.d support frame- work using.a cable-supporting.method, with twelve stretched wires. The entire tail of the model can perform prescribed motions in two deg.ees of freedom, mainly in carang.form mode, by driving.its afterbody and lunate caudal fin respectively. The DSPIV system was set up to operate in a trans- lational manner, measuring.velocity field in a series of parallel slices. Phase locked measurements were repeated for a number of runs, allowing.reconstruction of phase averag. flow field. Vortex structures with phase history of the wake were obtained. The study reveals some new and complex three-dimensional flow structures in the wake of the fish, including.＂reverse hairpin vortex＂ and ＂reverse Karman S-H vortex ring.＂, allowing.insig.t into physics of this complex flow.

关键词： Fish swimming 3D flow structure Unsteadyhydrodynamics DSPIV measurement - Vortex ring

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Dynamic desig. of g.een stormwater infrastructure

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Eng.neering 2017年第4期11卷 121-126页

作者： Robert g. Traver Ali Ebrahimian Department of Civil and Environmental Eng.neering Villanova University 800 E. Lancaster Ave Villanova PA 19085 USA

This paper compares ong.ing.research results on hydrolog.c performance to common desig. and crediting.criteria, and recommends a chang. in direction from a static to a dynamic perspective to fully credit the performance of g.een infrastructure. Examples used in this article are primarily stormwater control measures built for research on the campus of Villanova University [1,2]. Evidence is presented demonstrating.that the common practice of crediting.water volume based on soil and surface storag. underestimates the performance potential, and sug.ests that the profession move to a more dynamic approach that incorporates exfiltration and evapotranspiration. The framework for a dynamic approach is discussed, with a view to broaden our desig. focus by including.climate, config.ration and the soil surrounding.. The substance of this work was presented as a keynote speech at the 2016 international Low Impact Development Conference in Beijing.China [3].

关键词： Low Impact Development （LID） Stormwater control measures g.een infrastructure Stormwater desig.

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