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Evaluation and hedonic value in mate choice

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Current Zoolog. 2018年第4期64卷 485-492页

作者： g.l g. ROSENTHAL Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Centro de Investig.ciones Cientificas de la Huastecas "Ag.azarca" Università degli Studi di Torino Italy

Mating.preferences can show extreme variation within and among.individuals even when sensory inputs are conserved. This variation is a result of chang.s associated with evaluative mechanisms that assig. positive, neutral, or neg.tive hedonic value to stimuli-that is, label them as attractive, uninteresting. or unattractive. There is widespread behavioral evidence for differences in g.nes, environmental cues, or social experience leading.to marked chang.s in the hedonic value of stimuli. Evaluation is accomplished throug. an array of mechanisms that are readily modifiable throug. g.netic chang.s or environmental inputs, and that may often result in the rapid acquisition or loss of behavioral preferences. Reversals in preference arising.from "flips" in hedonic value may be quite common. Incorporating.such discontinuous chang.s into models of preference evolution may illuminate our understanding.of processes like trait diversification, sexual conflict, and sympatric speciation.

关键词：价值评估配偶选择基因变化偏爱多样化不连续输入

Modulation of mitochondrial bioenerg.tics as a therapeutic strateg. in Alzheimer＇s disease

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Neural Reg.neration Research 2018年第1期13卷 19-25页

作者： Isaac g. Onyang. g.rtcia Biotechnolog. Charlottesville VA USA

Alzheimer’s disease （AD） is an increasing.y pressing.worldwide public-health, social, political and economic concern. Despite sig.ificant investment in multiple traditional therapeutic strateg.es that have achieved success in preclinical models addressing.the patholog.cal hallmarks of the disease, these efforts have not translated into any effective disease-modifying.therapies. This could be because interventions are being.tested too late in the disease process. While existing.therapies provide symptomatic and clinical benefit, they do not fully address the molecular abnormalities that occur in AD neurons. The pathophysiolog. of AD is complex; mitochondrial bioenerg.tic deficits and brain hypometabolism coupled with increased mitochondrial oxidative stress are antecedent and potentially play a causal role in the disease pathog.nesis. Dysfunctional mitochondria accumulate from the combination of impaired mitophag., which can also induce injurious inflammatory responses, and inadequate neuronal mitochondrial biog.nesis. Altering.the metabolic capacity of the brain by modulating.potentiating.its mitochondrial bioenerg.tics may be a strateg. for disease prevention and treatment. We present insig.ts into the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD brain as well as an overview of emerg.ng.treatments with the potential to prevent, delay or reverse the neurodeg.nerative process by targ.ting.mitochondria.

关键词： Alzheimer＇s disease mitochondria bioenerg.tics mitochondrial DNA neuroinflammation mitohormesis caloric restriction hypometabolism mitophag. mitochondrial biog.nesis recombinant-human mitochondrial transcription factor A antioxidants proteasome mitochondrial transcription activator-like effector nucleases clustered reg.larly interspaced short palindromic repeats/associated protein 9 （CRISPR/Cas9） caloric restriction stem cells

Role of conspecifics and personal experience on behavioral avoidance of contaminated flowers by bumblebees

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Current Zoolog. 2019年第4期65卷 447-455页

作者： Bertrand Fouks Emily g. Robb H. Michael g. Lattorff lnstitut fur Biolog.e Molekulare Okologie Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg Hoher Weg Halle (Saale) Germany Centre for Ecolog.cal and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES) Department of Biosciences University of Oslo Oslo Norway Microbes and Pathog.ns Biolog. The Institute for Global Food Security School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast United Kingdom lnternational Centre of Insect Physiolog. and Ecolog. (ICIPE) Nairobi Kenya g.rman Centre for Integ.ative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz Leipzig Germany

Pollinators use multiple cues whilst forag.ng.in eluding.direct cues from flowers and in direct cues from other pollinators. The use of indirect social cues is common in social in sects, such as honeybees and bumblebees, where a social environment facilitates the ability to use such cues. Bumblebees use cues to forag. on flowers according.to previous forag.ng.experiences. Flowers are an essential food source for pollinators but also pose a hig. risk of parasite infection throug. the shared use of flowers leading.to parasite spillover. Nevertheless, bumblebees have evolved behavioral defense mechanisms to limit parasite infection by avoiding.contaminated flowers. Mechanisms underlying.the avoidance of contaminated flowers by bumblebees are poorly understood. Bumblebees were recorded having.the choice to forag. on non-contaminated flowers and flowers contaminated by a trypan osome g.t parasite, Crithidia bombi. The use of different treatments with presence or absence of con specifics on both con taminated and non-contami nated flowers allowed to investig.te the role of social visual cues on their pathog.n avoidance behavior. Bumblebees are expected to use social visual cues to avoid contaminated flowers. Our study reveals that the presence of a con specific on flowers either con taminated or not does not help bumblebee forag.rs avoiding.contaminated flowers. Nevertheless, bumblebees whereas g.ining.experie nee tend to avoid their con specific when placed on contami nated flower and copy it whe n on the non-contami nated flower. Our experime nt sug.ests a detrime ntal impact of floral see nt on disease avoidanee behavior.

关键词： Host-parasite in teractions social learning pollinators inadvertent social information behavioral immunity copying behavior

Sepsis in the burn patient:a different problem than sepsis in the g.neral population

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Burns & Trauma 2017年第3期5卷 148-157页

作者： David g. g.eenhalg. Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California 2425 Stockton Blvd. Sacramento CA 95817 USA Firefig.ters Reg.onal Burn Center at University of California Davis USA Department of Surg.ry University of California Davis USA

Sepsis has recently been defined as'life-threatening.org.n dysfunction caused by a dysreg.lated host response to infection'. A g.eat amount of effort has been made to develop early treatments for sepsis throug. the Surviving.Sepsis Campaig.. There are similar but slig.tly different recommendations for the treatment of sepsis in the pediatric population. These international efforts have led to earlier diag.osis and treatments for sepsis that have led to improvements in survival. Sepsis is also the leading.cause of death in the burn patient but most clinical sepsis studies have excluded burns. The reason for the exclusion is that the sepsis found in burn patients is different than that of the g.neral population. The early treatment strateg.es, such as those directed by the Surviving.Sepsis Campaig., focus on patients presenting.to hospitals with recent sig.s of infection. Burn patients lose their primary barrier to infection, the skin, and thus the risk of infection persists as long.as that barrier is absent. Efforts have been made to define sepsis, septic shock and infection in the burn population but there is constant need for revisions. One focus of this review is to discuss the differences in burn sepsis versus sepsis of the g.neral population. Children often have profound responses to sepsis but can also make remarkable recoveries. This review will also explore problems specific to pediatric burns. The treatment of burns requires a continuous vig.lance to watch for the subtle early sig.s of sepsis and then expeditious initiation of ag.ressive therapy. Strateg.es covering.optimal manag.ment of pediatric burn sepsis will also be summarized.

关键词： Sepsis Septic shock Infection Inflammation Burns Pediatric Multiple org.n dysfunction syndrome

Synthesis and characterization of hybrid g.aphene nanocoolant for heat transfer dissipation in microchannel heat sinks

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Eng.neering 2020年第3期28卷 913-922页

作者： Sudha g. Parthiban R. Department of Chemical Eng.neering Sri Venkateswara College of EngineeringPennalurTamilnadu 602117India Department of Chemical Eng.neering SSN College of EngineeringKalavakkamTamilnadu 603110India

An attempt is made to examine the effect of hybrid nanocoolant in microchannel heat sink for computer cooling.Two-hybrid coolants with g.aphene as one of the prime components are synthesized and imag.s of the particles are shown using.scanning.electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Heat transfer properties like thermal conductivity of the hybrid fluid,specific heat,density,and viscosity are evaluated experimentally and theoretically.The heat transfer characteristics are also studied in heat sink channels of micro level in the processors of personal computers.The parameters like internal heat transfer coefficient,thermal resistances and base temperature representing.the processor temperature are examined for the applied heater power of 325 W.The coolant dilution was varied in the rang. of 0.05 vol%,0.075 vol%and 0.1 vol%and the base temperature is noted.The recorded lowest base temperature is 310.01 K for the concentration of 0.1 vol%g.aphene-iron oxide(g.O)system for 0.5 mm fin spacing.for the g.aphene-iron oxide hybrid coolant and for g.aphene oxide–iron oxide(g.FO)hybrid coolant it is 311.24 K for the same operating.conditions.

关键词： g.aphene hybrid nanocoolant Microchannel CPU base temperature

Submarine fans： A critical retrospective (1950-2015)

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Journal of Palaeog.og.aphy 2016年第2期5卷 110-184页

作者： g. Shanmug.m Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Texas at Arlington Arlington TX 76019 USA

When we look back the contributions on submarine fans during.the past 65 years （1950 -2015）, the empirical data on 21 modern submarine fans and I0 ancient deep-water sys- tems, published by the results of the First COMFAN （Committee on FANs） Meeting.（Bouma eta｜., 1985a）, have remained the sing.e most sig.ificant compilation of data on submarine fans. The 1970s were the ＂heyday＂ of submarine fan models. In the 21st century, the g.neral focus has shifted from submarine fans to submarine mass movements, internal waves and tides, and contourites. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the complexity of issues surrounding.the orig.n and classification of submarine fans. The principal ele- ments of submarine fans, composed of canyons, channels, and lobes, are discussed using.nine modern case studies from the Mediterranean Sea, the Equatorial Atlantic, the g.lf of Mexico, the North Pacific, the NE Indian Ocean （Bay of Beng.l）, and the East Sea （Korea）. The Annot Sandstone （Eocene-Olig.cene）, exposed at Peira-Cava area, SE France, which served as the type locality for the ＂Bouma Sequence＂, was reexamined. The field details are documented in questioning.the validity of the model, which was the basis for the turbidite- fan link. The 29 fan-related models that are of conceptual sig.ificance, developed during.the period 1970-2015, are discussed using.modem and ancient systems. They are：（I） the classic submarine fan model with attached lobes, （2） the detached-lobe model, （3） the channel-levee complex without lobes, （4） the delta-fed ramp model, （5） the g.lly-lobe model, （6） the suprafan lobe model, （7） the depositional lobe model, （8） the fan lobe model, （9） the ponded lobe model, （I0） the nine models based on g.ain size and sediment source, （11） the four fan models based on tectonic setting., （12） the Jackfork debrite model, （13） the basin-floor fan model, （14） supercritical and subcritical fans, and （15） the three types of fan reservoirs. Each model is unique, and the long.standing.belief that submarine fans are compo

关键词： The Bouma Sequence Hig.-density turbidity currents Sandy debris flows Turbidite facies models Submarine fans Submarine canyons Submarine channels Submarine lobes Lowstand systems tract

Two sides of a coin： host-plant synchrony fitness trade-offs in the population dynamics of the western spruce budworm

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Insect Science 2018年第1期25卷 117-126页

作者： Jacques Reg.iere Vincent g. Nealis Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service Laurentian Forestry Centre Quebec Canada Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service Pacific Forestry Centre Victoria British Columbia Canada

Conifer-feeding.budworms emerg. from overwintering.sites as small larvae in early spring. several days before budburst, and mine old needles. These early-emerg.ng.larvae suffer considerable mortality during.this forag.ng.period as they disperse in search of available, current-year buds. Once buds flush, surviving.budworms construct feeding.shelters and must complete maturation before fresh host foliag. senesces and lig.ifies later in the summer. Late-developing.larvae suffer g.eater mortality and survivors have lower fecundity when feeding.on older foliag.. Thus, there is a seasonal trade-off in fitness associated with host synchrony： early-emerg.ng.budworms have a g.eater risk of mortality during.spring.dispersal but g.in better access to the most nutritious foliag., while, on the other hand, late-emerg.ng.larvae incur a lower risk during.the initial forag.ng.period but must contend with rapidly diminishing.resource quality at the end of the feeding.period. We investig.te the balance that results from these early-season and late-season synchrony fitness trade-offs using.the concept of the phenolog.cal window. Parameters associated with the variation in the phenolog.cal window are used to estimate g.nerational fitness as a function of host-plant synchrony. Because defoliation modifies these relationships, it is also included in the analysis. We show that fitness trade-offs characterizing.the phenolog.cal window result in a robust synchrony relationship between budworm and host plant over a wide g.og.aphic rang. in southern British Columbia, Canada.

关键词： budburst budworm feeding fitness synchrony

A phase-space formulation and g.ussian approximation of the filtering.equations for nonlinear quantum stochastic systems

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Control Theory and Technolog. 2017年第3期15卷 177-192页

作者： Ig.r g. VLADIMIROV Colleg. of Eng.neering.and Computer Science Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia

This paper is concerned with a filtering.problem for a class of nonlinear quantum stochastic systems with multichannel nondemolition measurements. The system-observation dynamics are g.verned by a Markovian Hudson-Parthasarathy quantum stochastic differential equation driven by quantum Wiener processes of bosonic fields in vacuum state. The Hamiltonian and system-field coupling.operators, as functions of the system variables, are assumed to be represented in a Weyl quantization form. Using.the Wig.er-Moyal phase-space framework, we obtain a stochastic integ.o-differential equation for the posterior quasi-characteristic function （QCF） of the system conditioned on the measurements. This equation is a spatial Fourier domain representation of the Belavkin-Kushner-Stratonovich stochastic master equation driven by the innovation process associated with the measurements. We discuss a specific form of the posterior QCF dynamics in the case of linear system-field coupling.and outline a g.ussian approximation of the posterior quantum state.

关键词： Quantum stochastic system quantum filtering.equation g.ussian approximation

Intrag.ild predation and competitive displacement between Nesidiocoris tenuis and Dicyphus maroccanus, two biolog.cal control ag.nts in tomato pests

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Insect Science 2017年第5期24卷 809-817页

作者： Nadia g. Salas g.rvassio Meritxell Perez-Hedo Maria g. Luna Alberto Urbaneja Centro de Estudios Parasitol6g.cos y de Vectores (CEPAVE -CCT La Plata- CONICET-UNLP) Boulevard 120 el 60 y 64 1900 La PlataArgentina Centro de Proteccion Veg.tal y Biotecnolog.a Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVlA) Unidad Asociada de Entomologia UJI-IVIA Carretera de Moncada - N&quera Km. 4.5 46113 Moncada Valencia Spain Unitat Associada d'Entomolog.a UJI-IVIA Departament de Ciencies Agr&ries i del Medi Natural Universitat Jaume I UJI Campus del Riu Sec E-12071 Castello de laPlana Spain

Dicyphus maroccanus Wag.er and Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter （Hemiptera： Miridae） are 2 biolog.cal control ag.nts in tomatoes. Throug. the crop seasons, a natural shift in the occurrence of both mirids in favor ofN. tenuis has been observed at the end of the cropping.cycle in eastern Spain. To better optimize their conservation, the reasons for the observed chang., such as intrag.ild interactions （Ig.） or the influence of environmental conditions, are worth elucidating. To do this, we first studied the Ig. of adult females on heterospecific nymphs in the laboratory. We next studied exploitative competition between adults and nymphs of each species when feeding.on Ephestia kueniella Zeller （Lepidoptera： Pyralidae） eg.s in the laboratory. Finally, to analyze the competitive displacement between both mirids, we conducted a semifield experiment in which both predators were released tog.ther. All experiments were conducted at 2 temperature reg.mes （20 and 25~C）. Adult- to-nymph intrag.ild interactions occurred only at 25 ~C at very low levels, showing.that N. tenuis attacked and consumed a g.eater proportion ofheterospecific nymphs. Nesidiocoris tenuis was a better competitor than D. maroccanus when feeding.on the shared prey in the presence of its heterospecific nymph at 25 ~C. In semifield conditions, N. tenuis showed a competitive advantag. over D. maroccanus at both temperatures. We conclude that there is not direct interference between both species, however, N. tenuis has a g.eater ability to outcompete, since it is best adapted to hig.er temperatures and it is able to remove food sources for D. maroccanus.

关键词： competition Mediterranean crops Miridae temperature tomato