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Highly-sensitive wafer-scale transfer-free graphene MEMS condenser microphones

Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 267-275页

作者： Roberto Pezone Sebastian Anzinger gabriele Baglioni Hutomo Suryo Wasisto Pasqualina M.Sarro Peter g.Steeneken Sten vollebregt Laboratory of Electronic Components Technology and Materials(ECTM)Department of MicroelectronicsDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands Infineon Technologies Ag Am Campeon 1-15Neubiberg 85579Germany Kavli Institue of Nanoscience Department of Quantum NanoscienceDelft University of TechnologyDelftthe Netherlands Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering(PME) Delft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands

Since the performance of micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS)-based microphones is approaching fundamental physical,design,and material limits,it has become challenging to improve *** works have demonstrated graphene’s suitability as a microphone *** potential for achieving smaller,more sensitive,and scalable onchip MEMS microphones is yet to be *** address large graphene sizes,graphene-polymer heterostructures have been proposed,but they compromise performance due to added polymer mass and *** work demonstrates the first wafer-scale integrated MEMS condenser microphones with diameters of 2R=220-320μm,thickness of 7 nm multi-layer graphene,that is suspended over a back-plate with a residual gap of 5μ*** microphones are manufactured with MEMS compatible wafer-scale technologies without any transfer steps or polymer layers that are more prone to contaminate and wrinkle the *** designs,all electrically integrated are fabricated and characterized allowing us to study the effects of the introduction of a back-plate for capacitive *** devices show high mechanical compliances C_(m)=0.081-1.07μmPa^(−1)(10-100×higher than the silicon reported in the state-of-the-art diaphragms)and pull-in voltages in the range of 2-9.5 *** addition,to validate the proof of concept,we have electrically characterized the graphene microphone when subjected to sound *** estimated sensitivity of S_(1kHz)=24.3-321 mv Pa^(−1)for a v_(bias)=1.5 v was determined,which is 1.9-25.5×higher than of state-of-the-art microphone devices while having a~9×smaller area.

关键词： transfer plate approaching

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Rapid flood inundation mapping by differencing water indices from pre-and post-flood Landsat images

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2021年第1期15卷 1-11页

作者： ramesh SIvANPILLAI Kevin M.JACOBS Chloe M.MATTILIO Ela v.PISKORSKI Wyoming geographic Information Science Center University of WyomingLaramieWY 82071USA Department of Ecosystem Science&Management University of WyomingLaramieWY 82071USA Haub School of Environment&Natural Resources University of WyomingLaramieWY 82071USA Department of Plant Sciences University of WyomingLaramieWY 82071USA

Following flooding disasters,satellite images provide valuable information required for generating flood inundation *** or optical imagery can be used for generating flood maps when the inundated areas are not covered by *** propose a rapid mapping method for identifying inundated areas based on the increase in the water index value between the pre-and post-flood satellite *** of the Normalized Difference Water Index(NDWI)and Modified NDWI(MNDWI)will be higher in the post-flood image for flooded areas compared to the pre-flood *** on a threshold value,pixels corresponding to the flooded areas can be separated from non-flooded *** maps derived from differencing MNDWI values accurately captured the flooded *** the output image will be influenced by the choice of the pre-flood image,hence analysts have to avoid selecting pre-flood images acquired in drought or earlier flood *** the inundation maps generated using this method have to be overlaid on the post-flood satellite image in order to orient personnel to landscape *** of the proposed technique are that flood impacted areas can be identified rapidly,and that the pre-existing water bodies can be excluded from the inundation *** pairs of other satellite data,several maps can be generated within a single flood which would enable emergency response agencies to focus on newly flooded areas.

关键词： Rapid Flood Mapping(RFM) inundation maps Satellite data NDWI MNDWI

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Perturbations in the earthworm metabolite profile during a two-week exposure to metformin

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Emerging Contaminants 2024年第3期10卷 221-229页

作者： J.D.gillis g.W.Price S.O.Prasher Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill UniversityFaculty of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesMacdonald-Stewart Building MS1-02721111 Lakeshore RoadSainte-Anne-de-BellevueQuebecH9X 3V9Canada Department of Engineering Dalhousie UniversityFaculty of Agriculture39 Cox RoadPO Box 550TruroNova ScotiaB2N 5E3Canada

Metformin is among the most prescribed pharmaceuticals in many countries,and as a result has shown up in biosolids derived from municipal wastewater treatment that are destined for land *** humans taking metformin,the effects include reduced glucose uptake in the intestine,a reduction in gluconeogenesis,increased oxidation of fatty acids,and reduced fatty acid *** effects of metformin on soil-dwelling organisms are not well *** study tested the effects of metformin exposure(0,10,40,160,640μg g^(-1))on the earthworm(***)at four time points(6 h,2 d,7 d,and 14 d)using gC-MS to reveal sub-lethal effects and elucidate potential modes of action for *** were no mortalities observed,and earthworms exposed to the highest concentrations(160 and 640μg g^(-1))gained weight relative to the control on days 7 and *** reductions on day 7 were observed for glucose and malic acid(consistent with a reduction in gluconeogenesis),and for palmitic and margaric acid(consistent with increased oxidation and reduced synthesis of fatty acids).Lactic acid ranked first and second among canonicals 1 and 2 respectively and led to significant differences in discriminant scores across concentration and *** levels increased to equal or greater than the control on day 14,likely caused by reduced exposure as metformin is reported to be readily transformed by microorganisms under aerobic *** observations were consistent with the known effects of metformin in humans,and suggests that a similar mode of action exists in earthworms.

关键词： Metabolites Toxicity Earthworms Metformin gC-MS

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IoT-Cloud Empowered Aerial Scene Classification for Unmanned Aerial vehicles

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 5161-5177页

作者： K.R.Uthayan g.Lakshmi vara prasad v.Mohan C.Bharatiraja Irina v.Pustokhina Denis A.Pustokhin vicente garcía Díaz Department of Information Technology Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of EngineeringChennai603110India Department of Information Technology QIS College of Engineering&TechnologyOngole523001India Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering Saranathan College of EngineeringTrichy620012India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering SRMInstitute of Science and TechnologyChennai603203India Department of Entrepreneurship and Logistics Plekhanov Russian University of EconomicsMoscow117997Russia Department of Logistics State University of ManagementMoscow109542Russia Department of Computer Science University of OviedoOviedo33003Spain

Recent trends in communication technologies and unmanned aerial vehicles(UAvs)find its application in several areas such as healthcare,surveillance,transportation,***,the integration of Internet of things(IoT)with cloud computing environment offers several benefits for the UAv *** the same time,aerial scene classification is one of the major research areas in UAv-enabledMEC *** UAv aerial imagery,efficient image representation is crucial for the purpose of scene *** existing scene classification techniques generate mid-level image features with limited representation capabilities that often end up in producing average ***,the current research work introduces a new DL-enabled aerial scene classificationmodel *** presented model enables theUAvs to capture aerial imageswhich are then transmitted to MEC for further ***,CapsuleNetwork(CapsNet)-based feature extraction technique is applied to derive a set of useful feature vectors from the aerial *** is important to have an appropriate hyperparameter tuning strategy,since manual parameter tuning of DL model tend to produce several configuration *** order to achieve this and to determine the hyperparameters of CapsNetmodel,Shuffled Shepherd Optimization(SSO)algorithm is ***,Backpropagation Neural Network(BPNN)classification model is applied to determine the appropriate class labels of aerial *** performance of SSO-CapsNet model was validated against two openly-accessible datasets namely,UC Merced(UCM)Land Use dataset andWHU-RS *** proposed SSO-CapsNet model outperformed the existing state-of-the-art methods and achieved maximum accuracy of 0.983,precision of 0.985,recall of 0.982,and F-score of 0.983.

关键词： Artificial intelligence mobile edge computing unmanned aerial vehicles deep learning optimization

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Need for operational simplicity and timely disbursal of benefits—a qualitative exploration of the implementation of a direct benefit transfer scheme for persons with tuberculosis in India

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第3期13卷 58-72页

作者： Malu Mohan Jeromie W.v.Thangaraj Sumit Pandey g.Sri Lakshmi Priya Sivavallinathan Arunachalam Rahul Sharma Hemant Deepak Shewade B.Aishwarya K.Afeeq Afsana Khatoon B.gokulvijay gude Sireesha Kavita Chandra S.Nandhakumar Prince Samuel C.Nanditha viswanathan Devika Shanmugasundaram Raghuram Rao Manoj v.Murhekar Kathiresan Jeyashree Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Epidemiology R-127TNHBAyapakkamChennaiTamil Nadu 600077India TB Support Network WHO Country Office for IndiaNew DelhiIndia Central Tuberculosis Division Government of IndiaNew DelhiIndia

Background Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana(NPY)is a direct benefit transfer scheme of the government of India introduced in 2018 to support the additional nutritional requirements of persons with TB(PwTB).Our recent nationwide evaluation of implementation and utilization of NPY using programmatic data of PwTB from nine randomly selected Indian states,reported a 70%coverage and high median delay in benefit *** undertook a qualitative study between January and July 2023,to understand the detailed implementation process of NPY and explore the enablers and barriers to effective implementation and utilization of the NPY *** We followed a grounded theory approach to inductively develop theoretical explanations for social phenomena through data generated from multiple *** conducted 36 in-depth interviews of national,district and field-level staff of the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme(NTEP)and NPY beneficiaries from 30 districts across nine states of India,selected using theoretical *** analytical framework developed through inductive coding of a set of six interviews,guided the coding of the subsequent *** and themes emerged through constant comparison and the data collection continued until theoretical *** Stakeholders perceived NPY as a beneficial *** political commitment from the state administration,mainstreaming of NTEP work with the district public healthcare delivery system,availability of good geographic and internet connectivity and state-specific grievance redressal mechanisms and innovations were identified as enablers of ***,the complex,multi-level benefit approval process,difficulties in accessing banking services,perceived inadequacy of benefits and overworked human resources in the NTEP were identified as barriers to implementation and *** The optimal utilization of NPY is enabled by strong political commitment and challenged by its length

关键词： National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme Nutritional status Direct benefit transfer Implementation Cash transfer scheme grounded theory India

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Temperature and structure measurements of heavy-ion-heated diamond using in situ X-ray diagnostics

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 80-89页

作者： J.Lutgert P.Hesselbach M.Schorner v.Bagnoud R.Belikov P.Drechsel B.Heuser O.SHumphries P.Katrik B.Lindqvist C.Qu R.Redmer D.Riley g.Schaumann S.Schumacher A.Tauschwitz D.varentsov K.Weyrich X.Yu B.Zielbauer Zs.Major P.Neumayer D.Kraus Institut fur Physik Universitat RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str.2318059 RostockGermany gSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung Planckstr.164291 DarmstadtGermany Institut für Angewandte Physik Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainMax-von-Laue-Str.160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany Institut fur geowissenschaften Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am MainAltenhoferallee 160438 Frankfurt am MainGermany Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstr.40001328 DresdenGermany European XFEL gmbH Holzkoppel 422869 SchenefeldGermany Centre for Plasma Physics School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen’s University BelfastUniversity RoadBelfast BT71NNUnited Kingdom Institut für Kernphysik Technische Universität DarmstadtSchlossgartenstr.964289 DarmstadtGermany State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Institute of Heavy Ion PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Helmholtz Institut Jena Frobelstieg 307743 JenaGermany

We present in situ measurements of spectrally resolved X-ray scattering and X-ray diffraction from monocrystalline diamond samples heatedwith an intense pulse of heavy *** this way,we determine the samples’heating dynamics and their microscopic and macroscopic structuralintegrity over a timespan of several *** the ratio of elastic to inelastic scattering with state-of-the-art density functionaltheory molecular dynamics simulations allows the inference of average temperatures around 1300 K,in agreement with predictions fromstopping power *** simultaneous diffraction measurements show no hints of any volumetric graphitization of the material,butdo indicate the onset of fracture in the diamond *** experiments pave the way for future studies at the Facility for Antiproton andIon Research,where a substantially increased intensity of the heavy ion beam will be available.

关键词： heated intense structure

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Intelligent recognition system for viewpoint variations on gait and speech using CNN-CapsNet

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2022年第3期15卷 363-382页

作者： g.Merlin Linda N.v.S.Sree Rathna Lakshmi N.Senthil Murugan Rajendra prasad Mahapatra v.Muthukumaran M.Sivaram Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology–Vadapalani CampusChennaiIndia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Agni College of TechnologyChennaiIndia School of Computer Science and Engineering VIT-AP UniversityAmaravatiIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyGhaziabadIndia Department of Mathematics School of Applied SciencesREVA UniversityBangaloreIndia Faculty of Information Technology Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam

Purpose-The paper aims to introduce an intelligent recognition system for viewpoint variations of gait and *** proposes a convolutional neural network-based capsule network(CNN-CapsNet)model and outlining the performance of the system in recognition of gait and speech *** proposed intelligent system mainly focuses on relative spatial hierarchies between gait features in the entities of the image due to translational invariances in sub-sampling and speech ***/methodology/approach-This proposed work CNN-CapsNet is mainly used for automatic learning of feature representations based on CNNand used capsule vectors as neurons to encode all the spatial information of an image by adapting equal variances to change in *** proposed study will resolve the discrepancies caused by cofactors and gait recognition between opinions based on a model of ***-This research work provides recognition of signal,biometric-based gait recognition and sound/speech *** evaluations are conducted on three aspects of scenarios,namely fixed-view,cross-view and multi-view *** main parameters for recognition of gait are speed,change in clothes,subjects walking with carrying object and intensity of *** limitations/implications-The proposed CNN-CapsNet has some limitations when considering for detecting the walking targets from surveillance videos considering multimodal fusion approaches using hardware sensor *** can also act as a pre-requisite tool to analyze,identify,detect and verify the malware *** implications-This research work includes for detecting the walking targets from surveillance videos considering multimodal fusion approaches using hardware sensor *** can also act as a pre-requisite tool to analyze,identify,detect and verify the malware ***/value-This proposed research work proves to be performing better for the recognition of gait and speech when

关键词： Intelligent system gait recognition Convolutional neural network Deep learning Capsule network viewpoint variations

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Effect of ramp-cavity on hydrogen fueled scramjet combustor

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Propulsion and Power Research 2014年第1期3卷 22-28页

作者： J.v.S.Moorthy B.Rajinikanth B.v.N.Charyulu g.Amba prasad Rao Scientist Defence Research and Development LaboratoryHyderabadAndhra Pradesh 500058India Professor in Mechanical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyWarangalAndhra Pradesh 506004India

Sustained combustion and optimization of combustor are the two challenges being faced by combustion scientists working in the area of supersonic *** mixing,lower stagnation pressure losses,positive thrust and sustained combustion are the key issues in the field of supersonic *** fluid mechanism is required to achieve good *** induce such mechanisms in supersonic inflows,the fuel injectors should be critically shaped incurring less flow *** investigations are focused on the effect of fuel injection scheme on a model scramjet combustor *** at supersonic flow generate axial vortices that help in macro-mixing of fuel with *** of shocks generated by ramps with the fuel stream generates boro-clinic torque at the air&liquid fuel interface,enhancing *** zones present in cavities increase the residence time of the combustible *** use of the advantageous features of both,a ramp-cavity combustor is *** combustor has two ***,constant height section consists of a backward facing step followed by ramps and cavities on both the top and bottom *** ramps are located alternately on top and bottom *** complete combustor width is utilized for the *** second section of the combustor is diverging area *** is provided to avoid thermal *** the present work gaseous hydrogen is considered as *** study was mainly focused on the mixing different fuel injection *** was found that injecting fuel upstream of the ramp was beneficial from fuel spread point of view.

关键词： Supersonic combustion Combustion instabilities Ramps Cavities Mixing

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Core needle biopsy for thyroid nodules assessment-a new horizon?

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2024年第5期15卷 580-586页

作者： David D Dolidze Serghei Covantsev grigorii M Chechenin Natalia v Pichugina Anastasia v Bedina Anna Bumbu Department of Clinical Research and Development Botkin HospitalMoscow 125284Russia Department of Surgery Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional EducationMoscow 125445Russia Emergency Surgery No.76 Botkin HospitalMoscow 125284Russia Department of Surgery Botkin HospitalMoscow 125284Russia Department of Medical Ultrasonography Botkin HospitalMoscow 125284Russia Medicine Moscow State Medical University I.M.SechenovMoscow 119048Russia Department of Oncology Botkin HospitalMoscow 125284Russia

Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration is the standard for evaluating thyroid nodules with a high safety profile and a relatively low number of non-diagnostic cytological ***,this diagnostic method traditionally has its weak *** diagnostic categories such as BethesdaⅠ,ⅢandⅣare not reliable for thyroid carcinoma risk *** advancements in a core needle biopsy made it possible to use this tool as a new method for thyroid nodules *** main feature of this method is the use of thin needles(18-21g)and guns with an automatic trigger *** histological material collected with the use of a core needle biopsy is usually superior to ***,the core needle biopsy can be used as a complementary technique to a standard fine needle aspiration in difficult and dubious cases of thyroid neoplasia with uncertain malignant potential.

关键词： Core-needle biopsy Thyroid Follicular tumor Fine-needle aspiration Thyroid cancer

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Hyperhomocysteinemia and Associated Biological Markers in a Congolese Population of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Brazzaville

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2024年第6期14卷 123-134页

作者： v. R. Ikia Monde A. L. M. Boumba E. Mokondjimobe H. Poaty g. Loubano-voumbi W. F. Ondongo A. g. Mayindou Kimbangu K. Onanga F. Elilie Mawa Ongoth E. Bouenizabila C. Andres H. g. Monabeka Biochemistry Laboratory Service University Hospital Center Brazzaville Congo Faculty of Health Sciences Marien NGOUABI University Brazzaville Congo Research Area of Pointe-Noire National Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IRSSA) Pointe-Noire Congo Microbiology and Molecular Biology Department Loandjili General Hospital Pointe-Noire Congo LOMO Research University Kinshasa DRC Department of Statistics Health Information and Epidemiology Surveillance Departmental Directorate of Health Care and Services Brazzaville Congo Department of Endocrinology University Hospital Center Brazzaville Congo Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Bretonneau Regional University Hospital Tours France

The search for new biomarkers predictive of type 2 diabetes currently constitutes a research avenue in Bioclinical. Total homocysteine remains a preferred target due to its involvement in the occurrence of degenerative complications in type 2 diabetics. The aim of this work was to study hyperhomocysteinemia and other biochemical markers associated with T2D in the Congolese population. This was an analytical case-control study carried out between October 2022 and October 2023. The study population consisted of 150 subjects including 100 T2D patients and 50 control subjects. The main clinical data were collected on a pre-established form. Homocysteine determination was carried out by the sandwich ELISA method. The other biochemical markers were measured by colorimetric enzymatic methods. Hyperhomocysteinemia was present in 27.3% (41/150) of the entire study population. Type 2 diabetics had a frequency of hyperhomocysteinemia of 36% (36/100) and control 10% (5/50) (p = 0.001). The mean hyperhomocysteinemia concentration was 31.9 μmol/l with extremes ranging from 18 to 103 μmol/l. Means of biological markers between diabetics and controls showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.01). The risk factors associated with this HHcy were: sex (OR = 3.5), age (OR = 9.4), sedentary lifestyle (OR = 3.4) and glycosylated hemoglobin (OR = 12) with a p-value vely. Our results suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia can be considered as a predictive biomarker in the bioclinic of Congolese type 2 diabetic patients.

关键词： Hyperhomocysteinemia Biological Markers T2DM Brazzaville

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