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Technological advancements in millet dehulling and polishing process: An insight into pretreatment methods, machineries and impact on nutritional quality

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grain & Oil Science and Technology 2024年第3期7卷 186-195页

作者： Shagolshem Mukta Singh Jayasree Joshi T p.Srinivasa rao Agricultural and Food Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal 721302India

Millets are widely recognized for their nutritional significance;however, the methods employed for their processing are currently lacking. This article primarily focuses on the advanced technologies and progressions in millet dehulling and polishing. These technologies operate based on the fundamental principles of compression-shearing, abrasion-friction, and centrifugal-impact forces. processing of millets can be challenging because of the physical characteristics and tight attachment of hull and bran to the endosperm. However, several dehullers have been designed to solve this problem for different kinds of millets. In addition, the nutritional and anti-nutritional characteristics undergo alterations due to both dehulling and polishing processes. These alterations are thoroughly examined and discussed in this article. Specifically, anti-nutrients such as tannins and phytate are predominantly found in the outer pericarp of the grain and experience a reduction after undergoing dehulling and polishing. The nutritional properties are also subjected to a reduction;however, this reduction can be mitigated by subjecting the grains to certain pretreatments before dehulling and polishing. These treatments serve to enhance dehulling efficiency and nutrient digestibility while simultaneously reducing the presence of anti-nutrients. Novel thermal and non-thermal methodologies such as microwave, hydrothermal, high-pressure processing, and ohmic heating can be employed for processing millets, thereby diminishing the loss of nutrients. Additional research can be carried out to investigate their impact on the dehulling and polishing of millets.

关键词： Millets Dehulling polishing pretreatment Novel thermal and non-thermal techniques

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Hydrothermal treatment of pearl millet grains:Effects on nutritional composition,antinutrients and flour properties

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grain & Oil Science and Technology 2024年第2期7卷 87-95页

作者： p.prashanth T.Jayasree Joshi Shagolshem Mukta Singh p.Srinivasa rao Agricultural and Food Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpurWest Bengal 721302India

pearl millet(pennisetum glaucum)is one of the major millets with high nutritional *** crop exhibits exceptional resilience to drought and high ***,the processing of pearl millet poses a significant challenge due to its high lipid content,enzyme activity,and presence of ***,it becomes imperative to enhance the quality and prolong the shelf life of pearl millet flour by employing suitable *** treatment in the food industry has long been seen as promising due to its potential to reduce microbial load,inactivate enzymes,and improve nutrient *** study aims to investigate the effects of hydrothermal treatment on the quality characteristics of pearl *** independent variables of the study were soaking temperature(35,45,55℃),soaking time(2,3,4 h),and steaming time(5,10,15 min).Treatment conditions had a statistically significant effect on nutrient *** antinutrients like tannins and phytates were reduced by 0.99% to 5.94% and 0.36% to 6.00%,respectively,after the *** activity decreased significantly up to 10% with the treatment *** findings of this study could potentially encourage the use of pearl millet flour in the production of various food items and promote the application of hydrothermal treatment in the field of food processing.

关键词： pearl millet Hydrothermal treatment Nutritional properties Antinutrients

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OCCURRENCE OF SUgARCANE MOSAIC AND MAIZE DWARF MOSAIC pOTYVIRUSES INFECTINg pOACEOUS CROpS IN INDIA

OCCURRENCE OF SUGARCANE MOSAIC AND MAIZE DWARF MOSAIC POTYVI...

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The ⅩⅤth International plant protection Congress

作者： g.p. rao Sugarcane Research Station Kunraghat gorakhpur 273 008 Up India

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Allogenic microglia replacement:A novel therapeutic strategy for neurological disorders

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Fundamental Research 2024年第2期4卷 237-245页

作者： Yanxia rao Bo peng Department of Laboratory Animal Science MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Department of Neurosurgery Huashan HospitalInstitute for Translational Brain ResearchState Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyMOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceMOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory DiseasesFudan UniversityShanghai 200000China Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu 226001China

Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system(CNS)that play vital roles in CNS development,homeostasis and disease *** defects in microglia lead to microglial dysfunction,which in turn leads to neurological *** correction of the specific genetic defects in microglia in these disorders can lead to therapeutic *** genetic defect correction approaches are dependent on viral vectorbased genetic defect ***,the viruses used in these approaches,including adeno-associated viruses,lentiviruses and retroviruses,do not primarily target microglia;therefore,viral vector-based genetic defect corrections are ineffective in *** replacement is a novel approach to correct microglial genetic defects via replacing microglia of genetic defects with allogenic healthy *** this paper,we systematically review the history,rationale and therapeutic perspectives of microglia replacement,which would be a novel strategy for treating CNS disorders.

关键词： Microglia Replacement Microglia replacement Microglia depletion Microglia-free niche CSF1R

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苏丹草(Sorghum sudanense Stapf):甘蔗条纹花叶病毒新人工寄主(英文)

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广西农业科学 2010年第5期41卷 436-438页

作者： Deepti Singh g.p. rao Kunraghat蔗试验站植物病理研究室印度戈勒克布尔273008

对苏丹草进行甘蔗条纹花叶病毒(SCSMV)人工接种,其叶片呈现连续褪绿条斑症状。采用RT-pCR和SC-SMV特异性引物SCSMV-ST2(F)、SCSMV-p1(R)对苏丹草染病植株上的甘蔗条纹花叶病毒进行鉴定,结果为阳性;对所获得的pCR扩增产物进行克隆和序列... 详细信息

对苏丹草进行甘蔗条纹花叶病毒(SCSMV)人工接种,其叶片呈现连续褪绿条斑症状。采用RT-pCR和SC-SMV特异性引物SCSMV-ST2(F)、SCSMV-p1(R)对苏丹草染病植株上的甘蔗条纹花叶病毒进行鉴定,结果为阳性;对所获得的pCR扩增产物进行克隆和序列分析,获得0.5kbp片段,在genBank数据库中的注册号为***650178;通过BLAST比对和系统遗传分析(MEgA 4.0),将其鉴定为甘蔗条纹花叶病毒,这是首次发现苏丹草可作为一种甘蔗条纹花叶病毒的人工选择寄主。

关键词：甘蔗条纹花叶病毒人工寄主苏丹草鉴定

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某些高等植物精油对豆类病毒的作用

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植物医学 1988年第3期 27-28页

作者： g.p.rao 扬德军

测试了几种高等植物精油对某些豆别病毒的抗毒性,从零陵香(OcimumSanctum)嫩枝提取的精油,在浓度为3000ppm时表现出有效的抑制作用(对红豆花叶病毒押制率89.6％,绿豆花叶90.0％,菜豆普通花叶病毒927％、南方菜豆花叶病毒88.2％)。所测... 详细信息

测试了几种高等植物精油对某些豆别病毒的抗毒性,从零陵香(OcimumSanctum)嫩枝提取的精油,在浓度为3000ppm时表现出有效的抑制作用(对红豆花叶病毒押制率89.6％,绿豆花叶90.0％,菜豆普通花叶病毒927％、南方菜豆花叶病毒88.2％)。所测试的其它精油对全部测试病毒表现出不同程度的抑制活性。

关键词：植物精油抑制病毒豆类

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Balanced polysulfide Containment and Lithium Ion Transport in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries via Nitrogen-doped Carbon Hollow Multi-shelled Structures on Modified Separators

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2024年第4期40卷 690-698页

作者： rao Fu XIAO Qian WEI Yanze WANg Jiangyan YU Ranbo WANg Dan State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P.R.China Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical preparation and Delivery Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P.R.China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049P.R.China Department of physical Chemistry School of Metallurgical and Ecological EngineeringUniversity of Science&Technology BeijingBeijing100083P.R.China

Representing the next-generation technology in lithium-ion batteries,lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries offer increased specific energy without relying on scarce metals like nickel and cobalt,but suffer from a low practical specific energy due to poor conductivity and a short lifespan due to the shuttle effect of *** the confinement of polysulfides and the transport of lithium ions requires highly elaborate modifiers for *** multi-shelled structures(HoMSs)show promise as hierarchical mesostructures for separators,offering multiple shell layers and internal cavities that effectively inhibit polysulfide *** design of these structures is crucial to address these challenges *** this study,nitrogen-doped carbon HoMS(NC HoMS)was created using polymer templates through a precisely controlled polymerization *** featuring NC HoMS-modified separators exhibit improved capacity and cycling stability in comparison to those utilizing commercial ***,triple-shelled NC HoMS strikes a balance in polysulfide containment and lithium ion *** a sulfur loading of 6.34 mg/cm^(2),the Li-S battery can consistently complete 100 charge-discharge cycles,starting with a discharge capacity of 966.4 mA·h/g with a 75.8%capacity retention *** HoMS holds potential as the separator modifier in addressing the polysulfide shuttle problem and facilitating the Li-ion transportation for advanced Li-S batteries.

关键词： Hollow multi-shelled structure Carbon material Li-S battery Separator modification Shuttle effect

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在加脂过程中应用超声能

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北京皮革（中外皮革信息版）（中） 2007年第3期 81-84页

作者： V．Sirakumar（） p．g．rao（）徐明骥（译）

加脂过程中，在静态及动态的条件下，做了使用超声与否的比较试验。对植物油、半合成及合成加脂剂都做了研究。也研究了过程中各类参数，如超声能输出量、加脂剂用量及温度等。结果表明：在超声作用于植物油、半合成及合成加脂荆后，革... 详细信息

加脂过程中，在静态及动态的条件下，做了使用超声与否的比较试验。对植物油、半合成及合成加脂剂都做了研究。也研究了过程中各类参数，如超声能输出量、加脂剂用量及温度等。结果表明：在超声作用于植物油、半合成及合成加脂荆后，革吸收的油脂量，可分别增加2．5、1．8及1．5倍。观察油脂吸收增加的倍数，植物油的〉合成加脂剂。这是可预见的现象，因加脂剂渗透时受到的阻力，取决于乳液粒子的大小，这也与凝胶渗透层析（gpC，gelpermeation chroma to graphy）的结果相吻合，因此在加脂不利的条件下，使用超声有一定的效益。结果也指出：超声在静态，与在转动中的动态时的作用相当，或更好一些。也研究了超声预处理对加脂剂粘度的影响。对革纤维结构，用扫描电子显微镜分析（SEM）后，发现结构被改善了，更为整齐。此研究证明，超声有效地促进了加脂剂的乳化，使之更易渗透、更均匀地分布在革纤维间。

关键词：合成加脂剂声能扫描电子显微镜分析超声作用应用纤维结构植物油比较试验

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高粱杂交不育的机制

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园艺与种苗 1983年第3期 7-9页

作者： U.R.Murty N.g.p.rao 刘海军

某些玉米品种在异花授粉时不能结实的现象称作杂交不育(Demeric,1929)。玉米的杂交不育受配子体因子“ga”控制。在高粱(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)中,曾报道过粒用高粱品系 R473是无配生殖,而且异花授粉不实(rao 和 Narayana,1968;rao... 详细信息

某些玉米品种在异花授粉时不能结实的现象称作杂交不育(Demeric,1929)。玉米的杂交不育受配子体因子“ga”控制。在高粱(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)中,曾报道过粒用高粱品系 R473是无配生殖,而且异花授粉不实(rao 和 Narayana,1968;rao 和Murty,1972;Murty 和 rao,1972)。从这个品

关键词：高粱胚珠大孢子囊心皮杂交不育花粉管胚囊雌配子体胚乳姊妹交

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Small extracellular vesicles from hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells attenuate spinal cord injury via miR-146a-5p-mediated regulation of macrophage polarization

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2259-2269页

作者： Zeyan Liang Zhelun Yang Haishu Xie Jian rao Xiongjie Xu Yike Lin Chunhua Wang Chunmei Chen Department of Neurosurgery Fujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujian ProvinceChina Fujian Neurosurgical Institute FuzhouFujian ProvinceChina

Spinal cord injury is a disabling condition with limited treatment *** studies have provided evidence suggesting that small extracellular vesicles(SEVs)secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)help mediate the beneficial effects conferred by MSC transplantation following spinal cord ***,hypoxia-preconditioned bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived SEVs(HSEVs)exhibit increased therapeutic *** thus explored the role of HSEVs in macrophage immune regulation after spinal cord injury in rats and their significance in spinal cord *** or HSEVs were isolated from bone marrow MSC supernatants by density gradient *** administration to rats via tail vein injection after spinal cord injury reduced the lesion area and attenuated spinal cord *** regulate macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype in vivo and in *** RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses of SEVs and HSEVs revealed that mi R-146a-5p is a potent mediator of macrophage polarization that targets interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase *** mi R-146a-5p expression in HSEVs partially attenuated macrophage *** data suggest that HSEVs attenuate spinal cord inflammation and injury in rats by transporting mi R-146a-5p,which alters macrophage *** study provides new insights into the application of HSEVs as a therapeutic tool for spinal cord injury.

关键词： bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells hypoxia preconditioning interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 macrophages mesenchymal stem cells small extracellular vesicles spinal cord injury

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