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An Efficient and Reliable Multicasting for Smart Cities

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第7期72卷 663-678页

作者： Faheem khan Muhammad Zahid Hüseyin gürüler Ilhan Tarimer Taegkeun Whangbo Department of Computer Engineering Artificial intelligence LabGachon UniversitySeongnam13120Korea Department of Computer Science Bacha Khan University CharsaddaCharsadda24450Pakistan Department of Information Systems Engineering Mugla Sitki Kocman UniversityMugla48000Turkey

The Internet of thing(IoT)is a growing concept for smart cities,and it is compulsory to communicate data between different networks and *** the IoT,communication should be rapid with less delay and *** this purpose,flooding is used for reliable data communication in a smart cities concept but at the cost of higher overhead,energy consumption and packet drop *** paper aims to increase the efficiency in term of overhead and reliability in term of delay by using multicasting and unicasting instead of flooding during packet forwarding in a smart city using the IoT *** this paper,multicasting and unicasting is used for IoT in smart cities within a receiver-initiated mesh-based topology to disseminate the data to the cluster *** cities networks are divided into cluster head,and each cluster head or core node will be responsible for transferring data to the desired *** protocol is a novel approach according to the best of our knowledge,and it proves to be very useful due to its efficiency and reliability in smart cities concept because IoT is a collection of devices and having a similar interest for transmission of *** results are implemented in Network simulator 2(NS-2).The result shows that the proposed protocol shows performance in overhead,throughput,packet drop,delay and energy consumption as compared to benchmark schemes.

关键词： Multicasting unicasting flooding network simulator-2 internet of thing smart cities

Binary Oriented Feature Selection for Valid Product Derivation in Software Product Line

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第9期76卷 3653-3670页

作者： Muhammad Fezan Afzal Imran khan Javed Rashid Mubbashar Saddique Heba g.Mohamed Department of CS&SE International Islamic UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Information Technology Services University of OkaraOkara56300Pakistan Departmet of Computer Science MLC LabOkara56300Pakistan Department of Computer Science&Engineering University of Engineering&Technology LahoreNarowal CampusNarowal51601Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia

Software Product Line(SPL)is a group of software-intensive systems that share common and variable resources for developing a particular *** feature model is a tree-type structure used to manage SPL’s common and variable features with their different relations and problem of Crosstree Constraints(CTC).CTC problems exist in groups of common and variable features among the sub-tree of feature models more diverse in Internet of Things(IoT)devices because different Internet devices and protocols are ***,managing the CTC problem to achieve valid product configuration in IoT-based SPL is more complex,time-consuming,and ***,the CTC problem needs to be considered in previously proposed approaches such as Commonality VariabilityModeling of Features(COVAMOF)andgenarch+tool;therefore,invalid products are *** research has proposed a novel approach Binary Oriented Feature Selection Crosstree Constraints(BOFS-CTC),to find all possible valid products by selecting the features according to cardinality constraints and cross-tree constraint problems in the featuremodel of ***-CTC removes the invalid products at the early stage of feature selection for the product ***,this research developed the BOFS-CTC algorithm and applied it to,IoT-based feature *** findings of this research are that no relationship constraints and CTC violations occur and drive the valid feature product configurations for the application development by removing the invalid product *** accuracy of BOFS-CTC is measured by the integration sampling technique,where different valid product configurations are compared with the product configurations derived by BOFS-CTC and found 100%*** BOFS-CTC eliminates the testing cost and development effort of invalid SPL products.

关键词： Software product line feature model internet of things crosstree constraints variability management

The mechanism behind the DOM effects on methylmercury photodegradation

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Science Bulletin 2015年第13期60卷 1220-1221页

作者： khan M.g.Mostofa Cong-Qiang Liu Marco Minella Davide Vione Institute of Surface Earth System Science Tianjin University State Key Laboratory of Environmental geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Dipartimento di Chimica Universita` degli Studi di Torino Centro Interdipartimentale Nat Risk

Methyl mercury(CH3Hg+),a neurotoxin,is the most toxic form of mercury that occurs in natural waters[1–4].It is a cause of concern because of increasing worldwide pollution by mercury in both water and atmosphere[3,5]... 详细信息

关键词： DOM 甲基汞光降解机制自然水域溶解有机物神经毒素去除途径

Intelligent cluster routing scheme for flying ad hoc networks

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2021年第8期64卷 76-89页

作者： Ali khan Somaiya khan Athar Shahzad FAZAL Zhongshan ZHANg Adnan Omer ABUASSBA School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology School of Information Technology Arab Open University

Flying ad hoc networks are used for many critical tasks. The network formation for routing data becomes difficult because of the mobility of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs). To solve the communication issue, we propose an intelligent cluster routing scheme for flying ad hoc networks(CRSF). Cluster head(CH)selection in our proposed methodology is based on fitness, which is determined by the position and UAVs’ residual energy. For the efficient management of UAV swarm, a cluster management mechanism is also proposed, inspired by moth flame optimization. In CRSF, for stable cluster maintenance, a CH re-selection mechanism is proposed in detail, which helps maintain the cluster for effective topology management. A routing mechanism for UAV communication is proposed for CRSF. The route selection for transmission of information is performed using the route identification function based on the Euclidean distance and residual energy. The performance of the proposed CRSF is evaluated and compared with the existing routing algorithms.

关键词： self-organized unmanned aerial vehicles UAV clustering routing FANETs

Blockchain-based DDoS attack mitigation protocol for device-to-device interaction in smart home

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Digital Communications and Networks 2023年第2期9卷 383-392页

作者： Bello Musa Yakubu Majid Iqbal khan Abid khan Farhana Jabeen gwanggil Jeon Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Chulalongkorn UniversityBangkok10330Thailand Department of Computer Science COMSATS University Islamabad(CUI)Islamabad45550Pakistan College of Science and Engineering University of DerbyDerbyDE221GBUnited Kingdom Department of Embedded Systems Engineering Incheon National UniversityIncheon22012South Korea

Smart home devices are vulnerable to a variety of *** matter gets more complicated when a number of devices collaborate to launch a colluding attack(e.g.,Distributed-Denial-of-Service(DDoS))in a network(e.g.,Smart home).To handle these attacks,most studies have hitherto proposed authentication protocols that cannot necessarily be implemented in devices,especially during Device-to-Device(D2D)*** into the potential of Ethereum blockchain and smart contracts,this work proposes a lightweight authentication mechanism that enables safe D2D interactions in a smart *** Ethereum blockchain enables the implementation of a decentralized prototype as well as a peer-to-peer distributed ledger *** work also uses a single server queuing system model and the authentication mechanism to curtail DDoS attacks by controlling the number of service requests in the *** simulation was conducted twenty times,each with varying number of devices chosen at random(ranging from 1 to 30).Each requester device sends an arbitrary request with a unique resource requirement at a *** is done to measure the system's consistency across a variety of device *** experimental results show that the proposed protocol not only prevents colluding attacks,but also outperforms the benchmark protocols in terms of computational cost,message processing,and response times.

关键词： DDoS attack Device-to-device Smart homes Blockchain Authentication Ethereum smartcontract

Ballistic response of skin simulant against fragment simulating projectiles

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第12期30卷 70-82页

作者： Punit Kumar Pandey Atul Harmukh M.K.khan M.A.Iqbal S.g.ganpule Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee247667India Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee247667India Department of Design Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee247667India

The response of biological phantoms against high velocity impact is actively sought for applications in defense,space,soft robotics and *** this end,we study the ballistic response of silicone based skin simulant against fragment *** a pneumatic gas gun setup,six chisel-nosed and three regular shaped(sphere,cylinder,and cube)fragments were impacted on the skin *** resulting skin simulant response was studied in terms of ballistic limit velocities,energy densities,failure pattern,and the mechanics of *** results indicate that the shape of the fragment affects the ballistic limit *** ballistic limit velocities,energy densities of the chisel-nosed fragment simulating projectiles were relatively insensitive to the size(mass),except for the smallest(0.16 g)and largest(2.79 g)chisel-nosed *** the same size(1 g),ballistic limit velocities and failure are dependent on the shape of the *** skin simulant failed by combined plugging and elastic hole *** in the spherical fragment was dominated by the elastic hole enlargement,whereas plugging failure was dominant in all other *** spherical,cylindrical,and chisel-nosed fragments created circular cavities,and the cubical fragment created a square *** the case of the spherical fragment,slipping of the fragment within the skin simulant was *** fragments created lateral cracks emanating from the corners of the square ***,for all the fragments,the maximum deformation corresponding to the perforation was lower than the non-perforation indicating rate dependent,stress driven *** maximum deformation was also dependent on the shape of the ***,these results provide unique insights into the mechanical response of a soft simulant against ballistic *** have utility in the calibration and validation of computational models,design of personal protective equipment,and antipersonnel syste

关键词： Skin simulant Fragment Impact Ballistic limit velocity Energy density Failure

Appraisal of Biofertilizers in Rice: To Supplement Inorganic Chemical Fertilizer

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Rice science 2018年第6期25卷 357-366页

作者： Haider Iqbal khan C 36 gateway Building The University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus

A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of inoculating rice seedlings with biofertilizers(Azospirillum and Trichoderma) in order to reduce the use of chemical inorganic nitrogen(N)fertilizer on rice variety BU Dhan 1. The plant performances were better when 25% less inorganic N was applied with Trichoderma and combined application of Trichoderma and Azospirillum. Plants contained the highest chlorophyll concentrations when they were treated with 75% N + Trichoderma. Considering the yield attributes, 75% N + Trichoderma and 75% N + Trichoderma + Azospirillum performed similar to the control. The grain yield of rice was similar to the recommended dose even with 25% less N application. Application of Trichoderma resulted higher yield, followed by combined application with Azospirillum. Results revealed the greater scope of applying biofertilizer(Trichoderma) to supplement chemical N fertilizer with optimum yield of rice.

关键词： Azospirillum biofertilizer inorganic chemical fertilizer rice Trichoderma nitrogen

Oblique propagation of nonlinear ion-acoustic cnoidal waves in magnetized electron–positron–ion plasmas with nonextensive electrons

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Plasma Science and Technology 2021年第3期23卷 76-81页

作者： Muhammad KHALID ghufran ULLAH Mohsin khan Sheraz AHMAD Sardar NABI Daud khan Depatment of Physics Govermment Post Gaduate College MardanMardan 23200Pakistan Department of Physics Islamia College Peshawar(Public Sector University)Peshawar 25120Pakistan Department of Physics Government Post Graduate College NowsheraNowshera 24100Pakistan

Theoretical investigation of nonlinear electrostatic ion-acoustic cnoidal waves(IACWs) is presented in magnetized electron–positron–ion plasma with nonextensive electrons and Maxwellian positrons. Using reductive perturbation technique, Korteweg–de Vries equation is derived and its cnoidal wave solution is analyzed. For given plasma parameters, our model supports only positive potential(compressive) IACW structures. The effect of relevant plasma parameters(viz., nonextensive parameter q, positron concentration p, temperature ratio σ,obliqueness l3) on the characteristics of IACWs is discussed in detail.

关键词： ion-acoustic cnoidal waves KdV equation q-distribution

Race Classification Using Deep Learning

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第9期68卷 3483-3498页

作者： Khalil khan Rehan Ullah khan Jehad Ali Irfan Uddin Sahib khan Byeong-hee Roh Department of Information Technology and Computer Science Pak-Austria Institute of Applied Science and TechnologyHaripurPakistan Department of Information Technology College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering and Department of AI Convergence Network Ajou UniversitySuwonKorea Department of Computer Science Superior CollegeLahorePakistan Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Politecnico di TorinoTorinoItaly

Race classification is a long-standing challenge in the field of face image *** investigation of salient facial features is an important task to avoid processing all face *** segmentation strongly benefits several face analysis tasks,including ethnicity and race *** propose a race-classification algorithm using a prior face segmentation framework.A deep convolutional neural network(DCNN)was used to construct a face segmentation *** training the DCNN,we label face images according to seven different classes,that is,nose,skin,hair,eyes,brows,back,and *** DCNN model developed in the first phase was used to create segmentation *** probabilistic classification method is used,and probability maps(PMs)are created for each semantic *** investigated five salient facial features from among seven that help in race *** are extracted from the PMs of five classes,and a new model is trained based on the *** assessed the performance of the proposed race classification method on four standard face datasets,reporting superior results compared with previous studies.

关键词： Deep learning facial feature face analysis learning race race classification