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Heterogeneity and renal mass biopsy:a review of its role and reliability

Cancer Biology & Medicine 2014年第3期11卷 162-172页

作者： Jeffrey J.Tomaszewski Robert g.Uzzo Marc C.Smaldone Division of Urology Department of SurgeryMD Anderson Cancer Center at CooperRowan University School of MedicineCamdenNJ08103USA Division of Urologic Oncology Department of Surgical OncologyFox Chase Cancer Center-Temple University Health SystemPhiladelphiaPA19111USA

Increased abdominal imaging has led to an increase in the detection of the incidental small renal mass(SRM). With increasing recognition that the malignant potential of SRMs is heterogeneous, ranging from benign(15%-20%) to aggressive(20%), enthusiasm for more conservative management strategies in the elderly and infirmed, such as active surveillance(AS), have grown considerably. As the management of the SRM evolves to incorporate ablative techniques and AS for low risk disease, the role of renal mass biopsy(RMB) to help guide individualized therapy is evolving. Historically, the role of RMB was limited to the evaluation of suspected metastatic disease, renal abscess, or lymphoma. However, in the contemporary era, the role of biopsy has grown, most notably to identify patients who harbor benign lesions and for whom treatment, particularly the elderly or frail, may be avoided. When performing a RMB to guide initial clinical decision making for small, localized tumors, the most relevant questions are often relegated to proof of malignancy and documentation(if possible) of grade. However, significant intratumoral heterogeneity has been identified in clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC) that may lead to an underestimation of the genetic complexity of a tumor when single-biopsy procedures are used. Heterogeneous genomic landscapes and branched parallel evolution of ccRCCs with spatially separated subclones creates an illusion of clonal dominance when assessed by single biopsies and raises important questions regarding how tumors can be optimally sampled and whether future evolutionary tumor branches might be predictable and ultimately targetable. This work raises profound questions concerning the genetic landscape of cancer and how tumor heterogeneity may affect, and possibly confound, targeted diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss the current role of RMB, the implications of tumor heterogeneity on diagnostic accuracy, and highlight promi

关键词： Renal cell carcinoma(RCC) renal mass biopsy(RMB) tumor heterogeneity

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How Many 3D Structures Do We Need to Train a Predictor?

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genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2009年第3期7卷 128-137页

作者： Pantelis g. Bagos georgios N. Tsaousis Stavros J. Hamodrakas Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics Faculty of BiologyUniversity of AthensAthens 15701Greece Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics University of Central GreeceLamia 35100Greece

It has been shown that the progress in the determination of membrane protein structure grows exponentially, with approximately the same growth rate as that of the water-soluble proteins. In order to investigate the effect of this, on the performance of prediction algorithms for both α-helical and β-barrel membrane proteins, we conducted a prospective study based on historical records. We trained separate hidden Markov models with different sized training sets and evaluated their performance on topology prediction for the two classes of transmembrane proteins. We show that the existing top-scoring algorithms for predicting the transmembrane segments of α-helical membrane proteins perform slightly better than that of β-barrel outer membrane proteins in all measures of accuracy. With the same rationale, a metaoanalysis of the performance of the secondary structure prediction algorithms indicates that existing algorithmic techniques cannot be further improved by just adding more non-homologous sequences to the training sets. The upper limit for secondary structure prediction is estimated to be no more than 70% and 80% of correctly predicted residues for single sequence based methods and multiple sequence based ones, respectively. Therefore, we should concentrate our efforts on utilizing new techniques for the development of even better scoring predictors.

关键词： membrane protein secondary structure prediction alpha-helical beta-barrel 3D structure

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Influence of tool pin profile on microstructure and corrosion behaviour of AA2219 Al-Cu alloy friction stir weld nuggets

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2015年第3期11卷 197-208页

作者： Ch.VENKATA RAO g.MADHUSUDHAN REDDY K.SRINIVASA RAO Department of Metallurgical Engineering Andhra University Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory

To overcome the problems of fusion welding of aluminium alloys, the friction stir welding(FSW) is recognized as an alternative joining method to improve the mechanical and corrosion properties. Tool profile is one of the important variables which affect the performance of the FS weld. In the present work, the effect of tool profile on the weld nugget microstructure and pitting corrosion of AA2219 aluminium-copper alloy was studied. FSW of AA2219 alloy was carried out using five profiles, namely conical, square, triangle, pentagon and hexagon. The temperature measurements were made in the region adjacent to the rotating pin. It was observed that the peak temperature is more in hexagonal tool pin compared to the welds produced with other tool pin profiles. It is observed that the extensive deformation experienced at the nugget zone and the evolved microstructure strongly influences the hardness and corrosion properties of the joint during FSW. It was found that the microstructure changes like grain size, misorientation and precipitate dissolution during FSW influence the hardness and corrosion behaviour. Pitting corrosion resistance of friction stir welds of AA2219 was found to be better for hexagon profile tool compared to other profiles, which was attributed to material flow and strengthening precipitate morphology in nugget zone. Higher amount of heat generation in FS welds made with hexagonal profile tool may be the reason for greater dissolution of strengthening precipitates in nugget zone.

关键词： Al-Cu合金搅拌摩擦焊微观结构焊缝区刀具腐蚀行为焊接接头性能耐腐蚀性能

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Smart composite antibacterial coatings with active corrosion protection of magnesium alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第12期10卷 3589-3611页

作者： A.S.gnedenkov S.L.Sinebryukhov V.S.Filonina N.g.Plekhova S.V.gnedenkov Institute of Chemistry of FEB RAS 159 Pr.100-letiya VladivostokaVladivostok690022Russia

A new method of the formation of composite coatings with the function of active corrosion protection of magnesium alloys was developed using the plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO) method. Susceptibility of PEO-layers to pitting formation was evaluated using localized electrochemical methods(SVET/SIET). The morphological features and electrochemical properties of composite coatings were studied using SEM/EDX, XRD, micro-Raman spectroscopy and EIS/PDP measurements, respectively. The effect of surface layers impregnation with corrosion inhibitor on their protective properties in a corrosive environment was established. Additional protection was achieved using controllable coating pore sealing with polymer. It was found that the polymer treatment of the PEO-layer does not reduce the inhibitor’s efficiency. The formed protective composite inhibitor-and-polymer-containing layers decrease the corrosion current density of a magnesium alloy in a 3 wt.% Na Cl solution to three orders of magnitude. This predetermines the prospect of new smart coatings formation that significantly expand the field of application of electrochemically active materials. The mechanism of smart composite coating corrosion degradation was established. The antibacterial activity of the inhibitor-containing coatings against S. aureus methicillin-resistant strain was proved using the in vitro model. These protective layers are promising for reducing the incidence of implant-associated infections.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Plasma electrolytic oxidation Corrosion inhibitor Self-healing Protective coatings

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Searching for a route to synthesize in situ epitaxial Pr_(2)Ir_(2)O_(7) thin films with thermodynamic methods

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1320-1325页

作者： Lu guo Shun-Li Shang Neil Campbell Paul g.Evans Mark Rzchowski Zi-Kui Liu Chang-Beom Eom Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Physics University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA

In situ growth of pyrochlore iridate thin films has been a long-standing challenge due to the low reactivity of Ir at low temperatures and the vaporization of volatile gas species such as IrO_(3)(g)and IrO_(2)(g)at high temperatures and high PO_(2).To address this challenge,we combine thermodynamic analysis of the Pr-Ir-O_(2)system with experimental results from the conventional physical vapor deposition(PVD)technique of *** results indicate that only high growth temperatures yield films with crystallinity sufficient for utilizing and tailoring the desired topological electronic properties and the in situ synthesis of Pr_(2)Ir_(2)O_(7)thin films is fettered by the inability to grow with PO_(2)on the order of 10 Torr at high temperatures,a limitation inherent to the PVD ***,we suggest techniques capable of supplying high partial pressure of key species during deposition,in particular chemical vapor deposition(CVD),as a route to synthesis of Pr_(2)Ir_(2)O_(7).

关键词： process thermodynamic synthesis

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Rapid visualization of latent fingerprints using novel CaSiO_3:Sm^(3+) nanophosphors fabricated via ultrasound route

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Journal of Rare Earths 2019年第1期37卷 32-44,M0003页

作者： R.B.Basavaraj g.P.Darshan B.Daruka Prasad S.C.Sharma H.Nagabhushana Prof.C.N.R.Rao Centre for Advanced Materials Tumkur University Department of Physics Acharya Institute of Graduate Studies Department of Physics B M S Institute of Technology and ManagementVTU Affiliated Department of Mechanical Engineering Jain UniversityAdvisor Jain Group of Institutions

Latent fingerprints (LFPs) were the most significant identification method for individualization. Most commonly available fingerprints (FPs) in crime spot investigation were latent and patent types. generally,LFPs were invisible and thus the effective visualization technique necessitates for the analysis of such FPs. In the past years, many traditional visualization techniques have been employed, but suffered with low resolution, sensitivity, contrast and high background noise. To overcome such limitations, we synthesized Sm^(3+) doped CaSiO_3 nanophosphors (NPs) via an ultrasound irradiation route using mimosa pudica (m. p.)leaves extract as a bio-surfactant. The morphological behavior of the prepared samples was extensively studied by varying the concentration of the m. p. extract, ultrasound irradiation duration, pH level of the precursor solution and sonication power. The photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra exhibit characteristic peaks at～561,601 and 647 nm, which were attributed to^5g_(5/2)→~6H_J(J=5/2,7/2 and 9/2) transitions of Sm^(3+) *** Judd-Ofelt(J-O) intensity parameters and other radiative properties were estimated using PL data. The Commission International de I'Eclairage (CIE) color coordinates were positioned in orange-red region shows average correlated color temperature (CCT) value of～3576 K. The optimized samples can be used as a labeling agent for the visualization of LFPs on various porous and non-porous surfaces under normal light irradiation. The visualized FPs reveals well defined ridge characteristics, namely whorl, loop,arch, bifurcation, eye, island, bridge, sweat pores, etc, with high sensitivity, selectivity, low contrast and background hindrance. Aforementioned results evidence that the prepared CaSiO_3:Sm^(3+) NPs were promising luminescent materials for solid state lighting and forensic applications.

关键词： Ultrasonication,synthesis Photoluminescence Fingerprint Photometric properties Judd-Ofelt analysis Rare earths

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Borescopic particle image velocimetry in bubbling gas-solid fluidized beds

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Particuology 2019年第2期17卷 66-75页

作者： M. Banaei R. Dellaert N.g. Deen J.A.M. Kuipers M. van Sint Annaland Multiphase Reactors group Department of Chemical Engineering & Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI) P.O. Box 902 5600 AX Eindhoven The Netherlands Multiphase and Reactive Flows group. Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands

In this work, the borescopic particle image velocimetry (BPIV) technique was applied to a bubbling gas-solid fluidized bed, and the results were compared with published positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) measurement data. Before performing the experiments, the sensitivity of the BPIV results to the illumination power, light reflectivity of the particles, and location of the borescope was also investigated. The BPIV and PEPT results were in fair agreement;however, some discrepancies were *** difference between the two sets of results were mainly caused by the intrusiveness of BPIV, the fact that the local solids volume fraction was not accounted for in the BPIV analysis, and the intrinsic differences of these two methods. Therefore, measurement of the local solids volume fraction with the borescope is highly recommended for further development of the BPIV method, which will also enable measureme nt of the local solids mass fluxes in side dense gas-solid fluidized beds.

关键词： Borescopic particle image velocimetry gas-solid bubbling fluidized bed Solid velocity profile Experimental investigation Hydrodynamics

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A power analysis for future clinical trials on the potential adverse effects of SSRIs on amygdala reactivity

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Frontiers in Biology 2016年第3期11卷 256-259页

作者： M. A. Bottelier A. Schrantee g. van Wingen H. g. Ruhe M. B. de Ruiter L. Reneman Department of Child-andAdolescentPsychiatry Triversum Alkmaar The Netherlands Brain Imaging Center Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands Department of Radiology Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands Department of Psychiatry Academic Medical Center Amsterdam The Netherlands Program for Mood and Anxiety Disorders Department of Psychiatry University Medical Center Groningen University of GroningenGroningen The Netherlands

Treatment of adolescents with antidepressants may induce an increased risk for suicidality in this population. The activity of the amygdala during processing of emotional faces with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging （fMRI） is a well-known measure of emotional dysregulation. Based upon data of our prematurely ended randomized clinical trial with fluoxetine （NTR3103） in anxious and or depressed girls （12-14 years of age） we calculated that with the found effect size of r = 0.66, compared to placebo, only 8 subjects are heeded to demonstrate increased amygdala activity following 16 weeks of treatment with fluoxetine.

关键词： amygdala reactivity SSRI adverse effects anxiety depression

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Numerical modeling of friction stir welding using the tools with polygonal pins

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2015年第3期11卷 229-236页

作者： M. MEHTA g.M. REDDY A.V. RAO A. DE Production Engineering Department BVM Engineering College Defense Metallurgical Research Laboratory Mechanical Engineering Department

Friction stir welding using the tools with polygonal pins is often found to improve the mechanical strength of weld joint in comparison to the tools with circular pins. However, the impacts of pin profile on the peak temperature, tool torque and traverse force, and the resultant mechanical stresses experienced by the tool have been rarely reported in a systematic manner. An estimation of the rate of heat generation for the tools with polygonal pins is challenging due to their non-axisymmetric cross-section about the tool axis. A novel methodology is presented to analytically estimate the rate of heat generation for the tools with polygonal pins. A three-dimensional heat transfer analysis of friction stir welding is carried out using finite element method. The computed temperature field from the heat transfer model is used to estimate the torque, traverse force and the mechanical stresses experienced by regular triangular, square, pentagon and hexagon pins following the principles of solid mechanics. The computed results show that the peak temperature experienced by the tool pin increases with the number of pin sides. However, the resultant maximum shear stress experienced by the pin reduces from the triangular to hexagonal pins.

关键词：搅拌摩擦焊接多边形管脚数值模拟摩擦搅拌焊接机械强度峰值温度机械应力

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A machine learning enabled hybrid optimization framework for efficient coarse-graining of a model polymer

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2128-2138页

作者： Zakiya Shireen Hansani Weeratunge Adrian Menzel Andrew W.Phillips Ronald g.Larson Kate Smith-Miles Elnaz Hajizadeh Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Platforms Division Defence Science and Technology GroupMelbourneAustralia Department of Chemical Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA School of Mathematics and Statistics The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia

This work presents a framework governing the development of an efficient,accurate,and transferable coarse-grained(Cg)model of a polyether *** framework combines bottom-up and top-down approaches of coarse-grained model parameters by integrating machine learning(ML)with optimization *** the bottom-up approach,bonded interactions of the Cg model are optimized using deep neural networks(DNN),where atomistic bonded distributions are *** the top-down approach,optimization of nonbonded parameters is accomplished by reproducing the temperature-dependent experimental *** demonstrate that developed framework addresses the thermodynamic consistency and transferability issues associated with the classical coarse-graining *** efficiency and transferability of the Cg model is demonstrated through accurate predictions of chain statistics,the limiting behavior of the glass transition temperature,diffusion,and stress relaxation,where none were included in the parametrization *** accuracy of the predicted properties are evaluated in context of molecular theories and available experimental data.

关键词： optimization grain integrating

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