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Sociology Study 2013年第9期3卷 639-650页

作者： fuyuki yoshikane Chizuko Takei Keita Tsuji Atsushi Ikeuchi Takafumi Suzuki University of Tsukuba Japan Toyo University Japan

This study examined Japanese patents in terms of the quantitative characteristics of application documents that resulted in the acquisition of rights in order to clarify the relationship between the features and patentability of applications. The groups of approved applications and those that had not been approved were compared for 12 variables： publication time lag; numbers of inventors, classifications, pages, figures, tables, claims, priority claims, countries for priority claims, cited patents, and cited non-patent documents; and median of citation age. Furthermore, the authors carried out the experiments in which patent applications were automatically classified into two groups by the machine learning method, random forests. As a result, statistically significant differences between the two groups were observed for the following variables （p 〈 .001）： the numbers of inventors, pages, figures, claims, priority claims, and countries for priority claims were significantly larger in the group of approved applications, while the time lag until publication was smaller. In particular, the publication time lag and the numbers of inventors, pages, and figures were variables representing the features that largely contribute to discriminating approved applications in the classification using random forests, which implies that these have relatively strong relationships with patentability.

关键词： Technology management intellectual property rights patent analysis sociology of science Japan

Evaluation of Height of Tsunami Induced by Submarine Landslide

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2018年第1期12卷 35-43页

作者： yoshikane Murakami Takemi Shikata Koji Tonomo Centers for Civil Engineering and Architectures Kansai Electric Power Co. Inc. Fukushima Ward Osaka Osaka 553-0003Japan Port and Coastal Engineering Group Newjec Inc. Kita Ward Osaka Osaka 531-0074 Japan

Under the new regulatory requirements for nuclear power plants in Japan, which were enacted in response to the nuclear accident associated with the Great East Japan Earthquake Tsunami that occurred on 11 March 2011, it is a requirement to establish a site-specific ＂standard tsunami＂ based on numerical analysis considering non-seismic factors in addition to general seismic faults. It is necessary to establish a consistent evaluation scheme for estimation of tsunami height induced by submarine landslide, since a standard framework for evaluation has not yet been established even though several models for calculation have been proposed and applied in practice. In this study, we estimated the scale of submarine landslide from a literature survey and showed examples of tsunami height evaluation using multiple schemes. As a result of evaluation of tsunami height using three schemes, the Watts model, the KLS model, and the modified-KLS model, the result obtained by the KLS model was comparatively large for every case.

关键词： Submarine landslide landslide-induced tsunami tsunami height evaluation new regulatory requirements for nuclearpower plants in Japan standard tsunami.

Cilostazol Enhances Oxidative Glucose Metabolism in Both Neurons and Astroglia without Increasing Ros Production

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2011年第4期2卷 315-321页

作者： Shinichi Takahashi yoshikane Izawa Norihiro Suzuki 不详

Cilostazol, a potent inhibitor of type 3 phosphodiesterase (PDE3), has recently been reported to exert neuroprotective effects during acute cerebral ischemic injury. These effects are, at least in part, mediated by the inhibition of oxidative cell death. However, the effects of cilostazol on glucose metabolism in brain cells have not been determined. In the present study, we examined the effects of cilostazol on the oxidative metabolism of glucose and the resultant formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured neurons and astroglia. Cultures of neurons or astroglia were prepared from Sprague-Dawley rats. The cells were treated with cilostazol (0 – 30 μM) for 48 hours prior to the assay. L-[U-14C]lactate ([14C]lactate) or [1-14C]pyruvate ([14C]pyruvate) oxidation was measured. ROS production was determined using an H2DCFDA assay with a microplate reader. Forty-eight hours of exposure to cilostazol resulted in dose-dependent increases in [14C]lactate and [14C]pyruvate oxidation in both the neurons and astroglia. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (0 – 0.5 mM) also increased [14C]lactate oxidation, indicating cAMP-mediated PDH activation. In contrast, free radical formation was not affected by cilostazol in either the neurons or astroglia. Cilostazol enhanced the oxidative metabolism of glucose in both neurons and astroglia, while it did not augment ROS production.

关键词： Astrocyte Cilostazol Glucose Lactate Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

Effects of fluctuating glucose concentrations on oxidative metabolism of glucose in cultured neurons and astroglia

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2012年第1期2卷 19-26页

作者： Shinichi Takahashi Takato Abe yoshikane Izawa Norihiro Suzuki Department of Neurology School of Medicine Keio University Tokyo Japan

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of hyperglycemia on glucose metabolism of brain cells. Not only a sustained hyperglycemic state, but also a fluctuating plasma glucose concentration has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic angiopathy. Acutely increasing plasma glucose levels have not been reported to alter glucose utilization of the brain as a whole. In the present study, we examined the effects of chronic (3 weeks) or short-term (24-hour) exposure to a high glucose concentration on the oxidative metabolism of neurons and astroglia. Cells were prepared from Sprague-Dawley rats and cultured in the presence of a high (22 mM) or low (5 mM) concentration of glucose. The high or low glucose media did not alter either the rates of [14C]deoxyglucose phosphorylation (an indicator of total glucose utilization) or [14C]lactate and [14C]pyruvate oxidation (indicators of oxidative glucose metabolism) in neurons. In contrast, chronic or short-term exposure to a high glucose concentration resulted in significant decreases in oxidation of [14C]acetate, an astrocyte-specific reporter molecule, or [14C]lactate and [14C]pyruvate oxidation in the astroglia. Thus, either chronic or short-term increases in the glucose concentration suppressed oxidative metabolism only in astroglia, indicating neuro-protective roles against hyperglycemic brain cell injury in diabetes mellitus. These different responses of neurons and astroglia may also shed new light on brain energy metabolism in diabetic patients with either chronic high or fluctuating plasma glucose concentrations.

关键词： Astrocyte Diabetic Encephalopathy Hyperglycemia [14C]acetate [14C]deoxyglucose [14C]lactate [14C]pyruvate