检索结果-南通市图书馆

Building Simulation 2024年第4期17卷 525-542页

作者： fusuo xu Dongdong Tian Zhi Gao Jianshun Jensen Zhang Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY13210USA School of Architecture and Urban Planning Nanjing University22 Hankou RoadNanjingJiangsu Province210093China

Building surface cool materials are novel materials that can reduce urban heat island intensity and decrease building energy consumption.This study investigated the impact of radiative properties of materials,façade orientation,and morphological parameters on energy consumption in six typical residential neighborhoods in Nanjing,China.The neighborhood energy consumption of 16 application schemes considering the façade orientation factor is compared to determine the best energy-saving scheme.Seasonal and annual energy-saving rates,savings in electricity costs,and the price ceiling for materials per unit area are analyzed.The results show that for low-rise buildings,using cool materials only on the roof can reduce the annual energy consumption by 1%.When cool or super cool materials are also used on the building façade,the annual energy saving rate can be up to 3.4%and 4.3%,respectively.Using cool materials on the south façade of buildings is not recommended due to significant heat loss in winter.Considering savings in electricity costs and the price ceiling for materials per unit area,the price of cool and super cool materials should be less than 3.0 and 3.7 RMB/m2,respectively,assuming a lifespan of eight years in Nanjing.

关键词： cool materials building energy saving neighborhood morphology façade orientation

Application of CFD plug-ins integrated into urban and building design platforms for performance simulations:A literature review

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Frontiers of Architectural Research 2023年第1期12卷 148-174页

作者： Yongyu Hu Yunlong Peng Zhi Gao fusuo xu School of Architecture and Urban Planning Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

The transformation of urban and building design into green development is conducive to alleviating resource and environmental problems.Building design largely determines pollutant emissions and energy consumption throughout the building life cycle.Full consideration of the impact of urban geometries on the microclimate will help construct livable and healthy cities.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations significantly improve the efficiency of assessing the microclimate and the performance of design schemes.The integration of CFD into design platforms by plug-ins marks a landmark development for the interaction of computer-aided design(CAD)and CFD,allowing architects to perform CFD simulations in their familiar design environments.This review provides a systematic overview of the classification and comprehensive comparison of CFD plug-ins in Autodesk Revit,Rhinoceros/Grasshopper,and SketchUp.The applications of CFD plug-ins in urban and building design are reviewed according to three types:single-objective,multi-objective,and coupling simulations.Two primary roles of CFD plug-ins integrated into the design process,including providing various micro-scale numerical simulations and optimizing the original design via feedback results,are analyzed.The issues of mesh generation,boundary conditions,turbulence models,and simulation accuracy during CFD plug-in applications are discussed.Finally,the limitations and future possibilities of CFD plug-ins are proposed.

关键词： Urban design Building design Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) Performance simulation Integration Optimization

Mitigation strategies for soil acidification based on optimal nitrogen management

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第2期11卷 229-242页

作者： Pengshun WANG Donghao xu Prakash LAKSHMANAN Yan DENG Qichao ZHU fusuo ZHANG College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University National Academy of Agriculture Green Development China Agricultural University Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin College of Resources and Environment Southwest University Sugarcane Research Institute Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation University of Queensland

Soil acidification is a serious constraint to food production worldwide. This review explores its primary causes, with a focus on the role of nitrogen fertilizer, and suggests mitigation strategies based on optimal N management.Natural acidification is determined by the leaching of weak acid mainly caused by climate and soil conditions, whereas the use of ammonium-based fertilizers,nitrate leaching and removal of base cations(BCs) by crop harvesting mostly accounts for anthropogenic acidification. In addition, low soil acid buffering capacity, mainly determined by soil parent materials and soil organic matter content, also accelerates acidification. This study proposes targeted mitigation strategies for different stages of soil acidification, which include monitoring soil carbonate content and p H of soils with p H > 6.5(e.g., calcareous soil), use of alkaline amendments for strongly acidic soils(p H < 5.5) with aluminum toxicity risk to p H between 5.5 and 6.5, and decreasing acidification rates and supplementing BCs to maintain this optimal p H range, especially for soils with low acid buffering capacity. Effective mitigation involves optimizing the rate and form of N fertilizers used, regulating N transformation processes, and establishing an integrated soil–crop management system that balances acid production and soil buffering capacity.

关键词： Soil acidification nutrient management nitrogen soil buffering capacity

Optimizing nitrogen management in the food system for sustainable development: a case study of Quzhou County

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 113-121页

作者： Fanlei MENG Menru WANG Yong HOU Lin MA Wenqi MA xuejun LIU fusuo ZHANG Wen xu College of Resources and Environmental Sciences National Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentState Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and ManagementNational Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development(QuzhouHebei)China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Water Systems and Global Change Group Wageningen University&Research6700 AA Wageningenthe Netherlands Environmental Systems Analysis Group Wageningen University&Research6708 PB Wageningenthe Netherlands Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil EcologyCenter for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetic and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang 050021China College of Resources and Environment Science Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001China

Nitrogen(N) is an essential nutrient for food production. The rapid increase in population requires high inputs of N to meet the growing food demand. If not managed well, the substantial loss of N from the food system has multiple impacts on grain yield, air and water pollution, and the economic benefits of agricultural. Multi-objective(food security, environmental sustainability and economic sustainability) synergistic consideration of N management in the food system is still lacking. This study employed strategies for optimizing N management in the food system, using Quzhou County as a typical example on the North China Plain. Firstly, a food chain approach was adopted to understand drivers and reasons behind N losses from the food system.Secondly, a top-down approach was used to define multi-objective N management, taking into consideration food security, environmental sustainability and economic sustainability. Multi-objective N management aims to reduce N losses to the environment and increase N use efficiencies,while simultaneously increasing yields and economic benefits. Thirdly, 3R(reduce-retain-recycle) N management strategies were identified for specific crops and animals through a bottom-up approach and then analyzed the potential of these strategies to achieve the multi-objectives. Finally, there is a discussion of how to engage different stakeholders to promote the technologies implementation. This study provides new insights into the synergistic achievement of multi-objective N management in the food system and the development of environmentally-friendly agriculture.

关键词： Agriculture green development food system multi-objective nitrogen management

Agriculture green development in China: insights and advances

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第1期11卷 5-19,I0005页

作者： Jianbo SHEN Qichao ZHU Yong HOU Wen-Feng CONG Wen xu Jiuliang xu Zhichao AN Xiaoqiang JIAO Kai ZHANG Tianxiang YU Lin MA Oene OENEMA William J.DAVIES fusuo ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNational Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources Center for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetic and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuang 050021China Wageningen Environmental Research Wageningen University&ResearchWageningen6700 AAthe Netherlands Lancaster Environment Centre University of LancasterLancasterLA14YQUK

Reconciling the tasks of producing adequate amounts of nutritious food for the increasing global population while preserving the environment and natural ecosystems simultaneously is an enormous challenge. The concept of agriculture green development(AGD) and the necessary governmental policies were developed to address the aforementioned challenge in China and to help achieve the related global sustainable development goals. Agriculture green development emphasizes the synergy between green and development;current agriculture has to transform from the intensive farming with high inputs, high environmental impacts and low resource-use efficiency to a more sustainable agriculture, in order to ensure an adequate supply of nutritious food while delivering environmental integrity, improved economic profitability,and social equity. A research program on AGD was established by China Agricultural University with four research themes, namely: green crop production, green integrated crop-animal production, green food and industry,and green ecological environment and ecosystem services, to provide a scientific basis for future developments and to facilitate the implementation of AGD in practice. AGD requires a multistakeholder approach, fueled by innovative and interdisciplinary research. Joint actions have to be taken by governments, farmers, supply industries, consumers, educators, extension services and researchers to support AGD. This requires strong coordination and public awareness campaigns. This review presents the progress that has been made over the past 5 years and makes recommendations for more research and development, in order to better deliver agricultural green and sustainable development on national and international scales.

关键词： Agriculture ecosystem services environmental protection food security green development multi-sectoral cooperation sustainable development

STRENGTHENINGNON-POINT SOURCEPOLLUTION CONTROLTOPROMOTEAGRICULTURALGREEN DEVELOPMENT

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第4期10卷 503-509页

作者： Wen xu Jie ZHANG Linzhang YANG xuejun LIU fusuo ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNational Academy of Agriculture Green DevelopmentNational Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development(QuzhouHebei)China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China College of Information and Electrical Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Agro-environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas) Jiangsu AcademyofAgricultural SciencesNanjing210014China.

This special issue is a compilation of papers addressing various aspects of non-point source pollution and agricultural green development in different regions around the world.Drafts of several papers were presented and discussed during a 2-day summit on Non-Point Source Pollution Control and Governance held in Dali,Yunnan Province,China,November 19-20,2022.The workshop was complemented by a half-day field trip to visit the Agricultural Green Production and Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Engineering Demonstration Base,as well as the Science and Technology Backyards in Gusheng Village,Dali City.The workshop was jointly organized by the National Academy of Agriculture Green Development of China Agricultural University,Erhai Academy of Green Development,and Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences.The event included participation of over 20 scientists representing 10 different organizations,along with 40 Chinese graduate students.

关键词： Agricultural jointly representing

LARGE-SCALE FARMING BENEFITS SOIL ACIDIFICATION ALLEVIATION THROUGH IMPROVED FIELD MANAGEMENT IN BANANA PLANTATIONS

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第1期10卷 48-60页

作者： Donghao xu Jiangzhou ZHANG Yajuan LI Shiyang LI Siyang REN Yuan FENG Qichao ZHU fusuo ZHANG College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China National Academy of Agriculture Green Development China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China College of Resources and Environment/International Magnesium Institute Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China

Large-scale farming by agricultural land transfers has been increasingly promoted in recent years,but the possible impacts on crop production,especially cash crops,and soil acidification remain unclear.This study obtained data for 110 banana plantations in Long’an County,China,and categorized them into small(6.7 ha)to determine banana cultivation,nutrient management,and soil acidification rates on farms of the three sizes.Banana yield per unit area significantly increased with increased farm size,and large farms had the highest average yield(48.9 t·ha^(−1))with the least variation.Despite a significant increase in organic fertilizer and base cation inputs,nitrogen(N)surplus did not differ significantly with increasing farm size.With large farms,actual soil acidification rate was significantly lower by 19.1 to 24.0 keq·ha^(−1)·yr^(−1);however,potential soil acidification rate increased with increased overuse of phosphorus.Overall,larger banana plantations used fewer mineral N fertilizers reducing the rate of soil acidification and increasing the H+buffering provided by organic fertilizers.It is concluded that larger farms deliver the dual benefits of higher,less variable banana yield and mitigation of soil acidification by substituting organic N for mineral N fertilizers,supporting sustainable soil management and food production.

关键词： plantations land transfer large-scale farming nutrient management soil acidification

Growth,Nitrogen Uptake and Flow in Maize Plants Affected by Root Growth Restriction

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第7期51卷 689-697页

作者： Liangzheng xu Junfang Niu Chunjian Li fusuo Zhang The Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition Ministry of Agriculture Department of Plant Nutrition China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China School of Life Sciences Jiaying University Meizhou 514015 China Centre of Agricultural Resources Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology the Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijiazhuang 050021 China

The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of a reduced maize root-system size on root growth and nitrogen （N） uptake and flow within plants. Restriction of shoot-borne root growth caused a strong decrease in the absorption of root ： shoot dry weight ratio and a reduction in shoot growth. On the other hand, compensatory growth and an increased N uptake rate in the remaining roots were observed. Despite the limited long-distance transport pathway in the mesocotyl with restriction of shoot-borne root growth, N cycling within these plants was higher than those in control plants, implying that xylem and phloem flow velocities via the mesocotyl were considerably higher than in plants with an intact root system. The removal of the seminal roots in addition to restricting shoot-borne root development did not affect whole plant growth and N uptake, except for the stronger compensatory growth of the primary roots. Our results suggest that an adequate N supply to maize plant is maintained by compensatory growth of the remaining roots, increased N uptake rate and flow velocities within the xylem and phloem via the mesocotyl, and reduction in the shoot growth rate.

关键词： nitrogen flow nitrogen uptake root system components Zea mays

AGRICULTURAL GREEN DEVELOPMENT IN THE ERHAI LAKE BASIN-THE WAY FORWARD

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第4期10卷 510-517页

作者： Yong HOU Wen xu Wen-Feng CONG Kemo JIN Jiuliang xu Hao YING Shengrui WANG Hu SHENG Linzhang YANG Wenqi MA Oene OENEMA Zhengxiong ZHAO fusuo ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management College of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650201China. Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Water Security Center for Water ResearchAdvanced Institute of Natural SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityZhuhai 519087China Lishui Institute of Ecological Environment Nanjing UniversityNanjing 211200China. Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in downstream of Yangze Plain Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of ChinaJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing 210014China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001China Wageningen Environmental Research Wageningen University and Research6700 AA Wageningenthe Netherlands

Pollution of high-altitude lake basins by agriculture and rural activities,and the control of this pollution,have received increasing attention from academic research and government policy in China.Series of restrictions and regulations have been implemented to protect the surface,water quality.These restrictions and regulations have greatly impacted and transformed the agricultural systems and rural livelihoods surrounding these lake basins.Using Erhai Lake basin in Yunnan Province as a case study,three main challenges were identified for concurrently decreasing pollution in the lake and increasing farmer income.It is contended that scientifically-sound environmental protection policies and agricultural green development practices are key to reversing the current situation.This will help to protect the lake from pollution while smallholder farmers will be able to produce healthy food in an environmentally sustainable manner,and with a fair remuneration for all the services farmers providetothe society.

关键词： agriculturef af rmer income nitrogen phosphorus waterpollution

Dynamics of crystallization and dissolution of calcium orthophosphates at the near-molecular level

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第8期56卷 713-721页

作者： WANG LIJun LU JianWei xu FangSen ZHANG fusuo College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China

Although extensive investigations of biogenic and geological calcium phosphate crystallization/dissolution and their phase transformations have been performed,the mechanisms of crystallization and dissolution of sparingly soluble calcium phosphates in geological settings have not been completely determined at the near-molecular level.In particular,an understanding of the physical-chemical processes at the earliest nucleation stage and the subsequent crystal surface dynamics in soil solutions is lacking.This review focuses on the earliest events in homo/heterogeneous nucleation from an initial supersaturated solution phase,the subsequent growth of calcium phosphate phases,and the relevant influences of the presence of additional inorganic and organic molecules in both geological and biological settings.These studies have implications for the understanding of the complex processes of calcium phosphate transformations in soils,and provide possible physical-chemical mechanisms for the biogeochemical behavior of phosphorus at the near-molecular level.

关键词：钙磷酸盐分子水平溶解结晶物理化学过程生物环境地球化学行为土壤溶液