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Deformation of the Most Recent Co-seismic Surface Ruptures Along the Garzê–Yushu Fault Zone(Dangjiang Segment)and Tectonic Implications For the Tibetan Plateau

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第2期91卷 443-454页

作者： WU Jiwen HUANG Xuemeng xie furen Key Laboratory of Crustal Dynamics Institute of Crustal DynamicsChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100085China

The Garzê–Yushu strike-slip fault in central Tibet is the locus of strong earthquakes（M 〉 7）. The deformation and geometry of the co-seismic surface ruptures are reflected in the surface morphology of the fault and depend on the structure of the upper crust as well as the pre-existing tectonics. Therefore, the most recent co-seismic surface ruptures along the Garzê–Yushu fault zone（Dangjiang segment） reveal the surface deformation of the central Tibetan Plateau. Remote sensing images and field investigations suggest a 85 km long surface rupture zone（striking NW-NWW）, less than 50 m wide, defined by discontinuous fault scarps, right-stepping en echelon tensional cracks and left-stepping mole tracks that point to a left-lateral strike-slip fault. The gullies that cross fault scarps record systematic left-lateral offsets of 1.8 m to 5.0 m owing to the most recent earthquake, with moment magnitude of about M 7.5, in the Dangjiang segment. Geological and geomorphological features suggest that the spatial distribution of the 1738 co-seismic surface rupture zone was controlled by the pre-existing active Garzê–Yushu fault zone（Dangjiang segment）. We confirm that the Garzê–Yushu fault zone, a boundary between the Bayan Har Block to the north and the Qiangtang Block to the south, accommodates the eastward extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau and generates strong earthquakes that release the strain energy owing to the relative motion between the Bayan Har and Qiangtang Blocks.

关键词： co-seismic surface rupture zone strike-slip fault Dangjiang fault Garzê–Yushu fault zone Tibetan Plateau Proto-Tethys

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The 20 April 2013 Lushan, Sichuan, mainshock, and its aftershock sequence: tectonic implications

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Earthquake Science 2014年第1期27卷 15-25页

作者： Jianshe Lei Guangwei Zhang furen xie Key Laboratory of Crustal Dynamics Institute of Crustal Dynamics China Earthquake Administration

Using the double-difference relocation algo- rithm, we relocated the 20 April 2013 Lushan, Sichuan, earthquake （Ms 7.0）, and its 4,567 aftershocks recorded during the period between 20 April and May 3, 2013. Our results showed that most aftershocks are relocated between 10 and 20 km depths, but some large aftershocks were relocated around 30 krn depth and small events extended upward near the surface. Vertical cross sections illustrate a shovel-shaped fault plane with a variable dip angle from the southwest to northeast along the fault. Furthermore, the dip angle of the fault plane is smaller around the mainshock than that in the surrounding areas along the fault. These results suggest that it may be easy to generate the strong earthquake in the place having a small dip angle of the fault, which is somewhat similar to the genesis of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The Lushan mainshock is underlain by the seismically anomalous layers with low-Vp, low-Vs, and high-Poisson＇s ratio anomalies, possibly suggesting that the fluid-filled fractured rock matrices might signifi- cantly reduce the effective normal stress on the fault plane to bring the brittle failure. The seismic gap between Lushan and Wenchuan aftershocks is suspected to be vulnerable to future seismic risks at greater depths, if any.

关键词： Lushan mainshock Aftershock sequence Double-difference algorithm - Shovel-shaped structure Variable dip angle

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Mercury indicating inflow zones and ruptures along the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake fault

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2015年第2期34卷 201-207页

作者： Yang Duoxing Zhang Lei Liu Yaowei Ren Hongwei xie furen Chen Gangcai Key Laboratory of Crustal Dynamics Institute of Crustal DynamicsCEA Institute of Geophysics CEA Chongqing Academy of Environmental Sciences

During the Wenchuan Fault Scientific Drilling Project,we determined the values of total mercury(HgT)and gaseous elemental mercury(GEM) from drilled cores and drilling mud,*** analysis shows HgT values ranging from 0.24 to 6.45 ng/g for the Penguan complex and from 2.90 to 137.54 ng/g for T3 *** average levels of HgT for the Penguan complex and T3 sediments are 1.81 ± 0.26 ng/g and23.96 ± 4.80 ng/g,*** anomalous peaks of HgT appear at depth of 614,731,993 and 1,107 m,which correspond to the long-term high seismic activity during crustal deformation in response to tectonic *** elemental mercury dissolved in drilling mud was also *** found fluid inflow zones with high GEM at depths of 590-750 m,suggesting that fluid-filled ruptures exist in the LMS fault *** indicates that mercury provides geochemical evidence for inflow zones and ruptures/fault zones in the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake fault.

关键词：地震断层断裂带汶川水星明流科学钻探工程地球化学分析钻井泥浆

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Dynamic mechanisms of earthquake-triggered landslides

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Science China Earth Sciences 2013年第7期56卷 1769-1779页

作者： ZHU ShouBiao SHI YaoLin LU Ming xie furen Institute of Crustal Dynamics China Earthquake Administration Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Earthquake-triggered landslides usually cause great disasters,and yet their dynamic mechanisms remain poorly *** paper will derive a general conceptual landslide model from the geometric and kinematic features of the most landslide masses triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan *** characteristics and dynamic processes are simulated here by means of finite element method(FEM)based on the dynamic process of the discontinuous deformable *** calculated results presented the whole course of landslide motion,and displayed some typical kinematic characteristics such as initiation,sliding,ejection,collision,flying in the air,and climbing of *** simulation result also shows that,under combined seismic inertial forces and gravity,landslides will start to slip once it overcomes the friction between the sliding mass and slip-bed,then it will move from slow to fast along the slippery bed until it ejects from the ***,the high frequencies and serious damages by landslides in the Wenchuan earthquake are caused by the strong ground motion on the mountain slopes in and around the epicenter that was dramatically amplified owing to both resonances produced by the seismic event and topographical amplification by seismic *** addition,the modeling results suggest that the direction,amplitude,frequency,and duration of strong ground motion have a great influence on the stability of landslide ***,the study helps us better understand dynamic mechanism of landslides,seismic hazard assessment,and dynamic earthquake triggering.

关键词： earthquake-triggered landslides strong ground motion dynamics finite element method Wenchuan earthquake

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In situ stress state and seismic hazard in the Dayi seismic gap of the Longmenshan thrust belt

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第7期65卷 1388-1398页

作者： Bing LI furen xie Jinshui HUANG Xiwei XU Qiliang GUO Guangwei ZHANG Junshan XU Jianxin WANG Dawei JIANG Jian WANG Lifeng DING School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China National Institute of Natural Hazards Ministry of Emergency ManagementBeijing 100085China

In the Longmenshan thrust belt,the Dayi seismic gap,an area with few earthquakes,is located between the ruptures of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and the 2013 Lushan Earthquake,with a length of approximately 40–60 *** date,however,the extent of the seismic hazard of the Dayi seismic gap and whether this gap is under high stress are still hotly *** further evaluate the seismic hazard of the Dayi seismic gap with regard to stress,two boreholes(1,000 and 500 m deep)were arranged to carry out hydraulic fracturing in situ stress measurement on either side of the Shuangshi-Dachuan fault *** zone has a high seismic hazard and the capacity to undergo surface *** the analogy of this new data with stability analysis using Byerlee’s Law and existing stress measurement data collected before strong earthquakes,the results show that the area surrounding the Shuangshi-Dachuan fault zone in the Dayi seismic gap(Dachuan Town)is in a state of high in situ stress,and has the conditions necessary for friction slip,with the potential hazard of moderate to strong *** results are the first to reveal the in situ stress profile at a depth of 1,000 m in the Dayi seismic gap,and provide new data for comprehensive evaluation of the seismic hazard in this seismic gap,which is of great significance to explore the mechanism of earthquake occurrence and to help mitigate future disaster.

关键词： Dayi seismic gap Wenchuan Earthquake Lushan Earthquake In situ stress state Byerlee criterion Fault stability

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The Quaternary Tectonic Stress Field of the Kunming Basin and Its Surrounding Areas

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Earthquake Research in China 2010年第1期24卷 70-81页

作者： Du Yi Zhenjie xie furen Institute of Crustal Dynamics China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100085 China

The Kunming basin is a Cenozoic faulted basin controlled by N-S trending active faults. there are totally 8 main active faults in and around the Kunming basin area. Inversion of fault slip data suggests that the stress field of the Kunming basin has experienced two major stages. In the first stage ( from the late-Pliocene to mid-Pleistocene),the regional tectonic stress field was characterized by near E-W compression and near N-S extension. In the second stage (from the late-Pleistocene to the present),the tectonic stress field has been mainly characterized by NNW-SSE compression and NEE-SWW extension. Under such a stress field,the near N-S trending faults in the region mainly show a lateral slip.

关键词： Kunming basin Fault slip Tectonic stress field Quaternary

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A modeling study on the controlling factors of seismic source distribution and their strength index

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Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition) 2001年第2期14卷 129-140页

作者： ZHANG Chao 1. Institute of Crustal Dynamics China Seismological Bureau 100085 Beijing China

A model, in which various seismic environmental factors are involved, has been developed in the paper on the bases of relevant data. The environmental factors include the crust structure, lithological conditions, fault plan attitude, the crust stress state, pore-fluid pressure and geothermal conditions, etc. The effect of each of the factors on the tectonic movement energy index has been analyzed. The model calculation results indicate that shear fracture energy of a fault generally increases with depth; it reached a peak value at certain depth, then turns gradually attenuated. Of all the factors, the effects of pore-fluid pressure and geothermal conditions on the energy index are of prominence. High pore-fluid pressure and high temperature circumstance may result in decline of the peak value of the shear fracture energy curve, making the depths of the peak value and of the bell-waist value deepened. Such effects restrict strong seismic events, but suitable for micro-seismic activity and/or fault creep. The lower limit of focal depth under such an environment is relatively deep. Contrarily, low pore-fluid pressure and low geothermal temperature circumstance result in increase of the peak value of the shear fracture energy curve, and the curve becoming steep. The later circumstance is favorable to the formation of locked segment where possesses high strength and high-energy accumulation. If these two kind of segments are arranged interactively along a fault zone, such arrangement would boost the energy transition among the segments, forming mechanical circumstance of energy highly accumulated in one segment with adjacent segment(s) less-locked. Such contrast of the strength and energy would provide conditions for strong earthquakes with high stress drop. An analysis of the northwest segment of the Honghe fault has provided some evidence for the modeling results.

关键词： modeling tectonophysical environment shear fracture energy Sichuan-Yunnan region P315. 72+8

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Study of the Late Quaternary Slip Rate Along the Northern Segment on the South Branch of the Longling-Ruili Fault

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Earthquake Research in China 2010年第4期24卷 456-466页

作者： Huang Xuemeng Du Yi Shu Saibin xie furen Institute of Crustal Dynamics China Earthquake Administration Beijing 10055 China

The Longling-Ruili fault is an important active fault in Southwestern China, striking generally northeast. The fault controls the development of the sedimentary series and magmatic action on its two sides, as well as the development of the Longling basin, Mangshi basin and the Zhefang basin along it. Due to limited Quaternary sediments and harsh natural conditions, the study of late Quaternary fault activity on the northern segment of the Longling-Ruili fault is lacking and the time of the newest faulting and the Quaternary slip rate are not clear at present. Based on the interpretation of remote images, quantitative geomorphologic deformation measurements and dating of young terrace deposits and alluvial fans, this paper obtains some new results as follows. The northern segment of the Longling-Ruili fault is a Holocene dextral strike-slip fault with some component of a normal slip. The terrace T1 composing mainly of alluvial deposits formed during 4ka B. P. was offset by the northern segment of the Longling-Ruili fault and its left-lateral and its vertical displacements are 8m - 12m and 2m, respectively. The late Pleistocene alluvial fan was displaced with a left-lateral and vertical displacement of 70m and lgm, respectively. The strike-slip rate of the Longling-Ruili fault is 2.2mm/a 2.5mm/a and the vertical slip rate is 0.6mm/a since the late Pleistocene epoch. The strike-slip rate of the Longling-Ruili fault is 1.8mm/a - 3.0mm/a and vertical slip rate is 0.5mm/a during the Holocene epoch. The proportion of horizontal to vertical displacement is about 4： 1, which means that the vertical slip rate on the northern segment of the Longling-Ruili fault is about 25 % of the horizontal slip rate. The left-lateral slip rate in the late Holocene is consistent with the GPS measurement. The strike slip rate is of great consistency in different time scales since the late Pleistocene epoch, indicating that the activity of the Longling-Ruili fault is of great stability.

关键词： The Longling-Ruili fault Late Quaternary Faulted landform Slip rate

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Relocation of the 10 March 2011 Yingjiang,China,earthquake sequence and its tectonic implications

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Earthquake Science 2012年第1期25卷 103-110页

作者： Jianshe Lei Guangwei Zhang furen xie Yuan Li Youjin Su Lifang Liu Honghu Ma Junwei Zhang Key Laboratory of Crustal Dynamics Institute of Crustal DynamicsChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100085China Earthquake Administration of Yunnan Province Kunming 650224China

An earthquake with Ms5.8 occurred on 10 March 2011 in Yingjiang county, western Yunnan, China. This earthquake caused 25 deaths and over 250 injuries. In order to better understand the seismotectonics in the region, we collected the arrival time data from the Yunnan seismic observational bulletins during 1 January to 25 March 2011, and precisely hand-picked the arrival times from high-quality seismograms that were recorded by the temporary seismic stations deployed by our Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration. Using these arrival times, we relocated all the earthquakes including the Yingjiang mainshock and its aftershocks using the double-difference relocation algorithm. Our results show that the relocated earthquakes dominantly occurred along the ENE direction and formed an upside-down bow-shaped structure in depth. It is also observed that after the Yingjiang mainshock, some aftershocks extended toward the SSE over about 10 km. These results may indicate that the Yingjiang mainshock ruptured a conjugate fault system consisting of the ENE trending Da Yingjiang fault and a SSE trending blind fault. Such structural features could contribute to severely seismic hazards during the moderate-size Yingjiang earthquake.

关键词： Yingjiang earthquake relocation double-difference algorithm Da Yingjiang fault

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Study on in-situ stress measurement around coastal marginal land in Fujian

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Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition) 2005年第5期18卷 50-57,132页

作者：李宏安其美谢富仁 Institute of Crustal Dynamics China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100085 China

The in-situ hydraulic fracturing stress measurements have been carried out around the coastal marginal land in Fu- jian Province. And the characteristics of magnitude, direction and distribution of tectonic stress have been obtained. Based on the observed stress data, the characteristics and activities of fault zones are analyzed and studied in the paper according to the Coulomb friction criteria. 1 The maximum horizontal principal compressive stress is in the NW-WNW direction from the north to the south along the coastline verge, which is parallel to the strike of the NW-trending fault zone, consistent with the direction of principal compressive stress obtained from geological structure and across-fault deformation data, and different from that reflected by focal mechanism solution by about 20°. 2 The horizontal principal stress increases with depth, the relation among three stresses is SH>Sv>Sh or SH≈Sv>Sh, and the stress state is liable to normal fault and strike-slip fault activities. 3 According to Coulomb friction criteria and taking the friction strength μ as 0.6~1.0 for analysis, the stress state reaching or exceeding the threshold for normal-fault frictional sliding near the fault implies that the current tectonic activity in the measuring area is mainly normal faulting. 4 The force source of current tectonic stress field comes mainly from the westward and northwestward horizontal extrusions from the Pacific and Philippine Plates respectively to the Eurasian Plate.

关键词： Fujian coast active fault zone hydraulic fracturing stress measurement Coulomb friction criteria

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