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Recent advances in electrochemical decontamination of perfluorinated compounds from water: a review

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第2期17卷 39-58页

作者： fuqiang liu Shengtao Jiang Shijie You Yanbiao liu College of Environmental Science and Engineering Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of the Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620China College of Life Science Taizhou UniversityTaizhou 318000China State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of EnvironmentHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose serious human health and environmental risks due to their persistence and toxicity. Among the available PFAS remediation options, the electrochemical approach is promising with better control. In this review, recent advances in the decontamination of PFAS from water using several state-of-the-art electrochemical strategies, including electro-oxidation, electro-adsorption, and electro-coagulation, were systematically reviewed. We aimed to elucidate their design principles, underlying working mechanisms, and the effects of operation factors (e.g., solution pH, applied voltage, and reactor configuration). The recent developments of innovative electrochemical systems and novel electrode materials were highlighted. In addition, the development of coupled processes that could overcome the shortcomings of low efficiency and high energy consumption of conventional electrochemical systems was also emphasized. This review identified several major knowledge gaps and challenges in the scalability and adaptability of efficient electrochemical systems for PFAS remediation. Materials science and system design developments are forging a path toward sustainable treatment of PFAS-contaminated water through electrochemical technologies.

关键词： Perfluorinated compounds Electrochemical approach Working mechanisms Impacting factor Coupled process

Combustion effects and emission characteristics of SO2, CO, NOx and heavy metals during co-combustion of coal and dewatered sludge

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第1期10卷 201-210页

作者： Yiying JIN Yangyang LI fuqiang liu School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

The influences of dewatered sludge blending ratio in coal on flammability index （C） and combustion characteristic index （S） and release of sulfur dioxide （SO2）, nitrogen oxide （NOx）, carbon monoxide （CO） and heavy metals （Hg, As, Cd, Pb and Cr） were studied. The impact on combustion characteristics could be ignored if less than 20% of dewatered sludge was added in coal. Besides, emission pattern experiments of NOx, SO2, CO and heavy metals were carried out in a high-temperature tubular furnace. Results showed that the conversion rate of NOx and total emission of SO2 reduced with the increase of sludge adding ratio, and a better effect of fixing sulfur could be obtained when the blending ratio reached 30%. Concentrations and distributions of five types of heavy metals in different residues （bottom ash and fly ash） as well as in flue gas were analyzed. It was shown that the characteristics of coal and sludge, as well as the volatilization of heavy metals had a great influence on the distribution of heavy metals.

关键词： sewage sludge combustion characteristic,coal emission heavy metals

The Effect of Different Reaction Mechanisms on Combustion Simulation of a Reverse-Flow Combustor

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Journal of Thermal Science 2020年第3期29卷 793-812页

作者： LU Haitao liu fuqiang WANG Yulan FAN Xiongjie liu Cunxi XU Gang Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Three different reaction mechanisms of kerosene and flamelet models were used to simulate combustion in a reverse-flow *** comparing the effects of different mechanisms on the flow field characteristics,components and temperature distribution of the combustion chamber,the results showed that:Under different reaction mechanisms,there was a strong similarity between flow filed and temperature field,but the penetration depth and temperature distribution of local jets were affected by the *** to the different reaction paths and reaction rates,the distribution of major components had a great degree of similarity,but the concentration of intermediate components varied *** analysis,the 16 species and 17 species reaction mechanisms can simulate the flow field and outlet temperature distribution of the combustor well.

关键词： reaction mechanisms reverse-flow combustor flamelet models combustion simulation

A Transmission Design in Dynamic Heterogeneous V2V Networks Through Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning

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China Communications 2023年第7期20卷 273-289页

作者： Nong Qu Chao Wang Zuxing Li fuqiang liu Department of Information and Communication Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina

In highly dynamic and heterogeneous vehicular communication networks,it is challenging to efficiently utilize network resources and ensure demanding performance requirements of safetyrelated *** paper investigates machinelearning-assisted transmission design in a typical multi-user vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)communication *** transmission process proceeds sequentially along the discrete time steps,where several source nodes intend to deliver multiple different types of messages to their respective destinations within the same *** to rapid movement of vehicles,real-time acquirement of channel knowledge and central coordination of all transmission actions are in general hard to *** consider applying multi-agent deep reinforcement learning(MADRL)to handle this *** transforming the transmission design problem into a stochastic game,a multi-agent proximal policy optimization(MAPPO)algorithm under a centralized training and decentralized execution framework is proposed such that each source decides its own transmission message type,power level,and data rate,based on local observations of the environment and feedback,to maximize its energy *** simulations we show that our method achieves better performance over conventional methods.

关键词： V2V communication networks sequential

Experimental Studies on Fuel Spray Characteristics of Pressure-Swirl Atomizer and Air-Blast Atomizer

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Journal of Thermal Science 2021年第2期30卷 729-741页

作者： WANG Kaixing FAN Xiongjie liu fuqiang liu Cunxi LU Haitao XU Gang Key Laboratory of Light-duty Gas-turbine Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

In this work,the effects of fuel temperatures and pressure drops on the flow field and spray characteristics of a pressure-swirl atomizer were discussed using the Particle Imaging Velocimetry(PIV),Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence(PLIF)and Laser Particle Size Analyzer(LPSA)*** the air-blast atomizer was selected to study the interaction of initial atomization and flow *** effect of fuel-air ratio on the air-blast atomizer were also considered,where the fuel-air ratio was varied by adjusting mass flow rate of the air and fuel *** results show that the spray angle of the pressure-swirl atomizer increases first and changes a little after the pressure drop higher than 0.5 ***,more fuel concentrate on the central region,which is mainly caused by the increase of the proportion of small droplets with lower centrifugal *** fuel temperature can improve the spray angle only in lower pressure drop,and it has a little effect under higher pressure *** addition,the fuel pressure drop has an obvious influence on the fuel distribution and flow field near the nozzle exit compared with the *** the air-blast atomizer,the spray angle increases compared with the pressure-swirl atomizer for the introduction of swirl ***,the spray angle decreases with the air mass rate increasing,and it increases with the fuel mass rate *** distribution of velocity and droplet near the nozzle exit is influenced by the air mass rate,and the fuel mass rate mainly affects the distribution in the *** fuel accumulates in the annular area below the nozzle,and the distribution of it changes little with the development along the axial direction.

关键词： pressure-swirl atomizer air-blast atomizer spray characteristic Particle Imaging Velocimetry(PIV) Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence(PLIF)

Dynamic Elastic Modulus and Damping Ratio of Lignin-Modified Loess

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2021年第3期9卷 523-540页

作者： Qian Wang Zhaozhao liu Xiumei Zhong Zhongnan Gao fuqiang liu Key Laboratory of Loess Earthquake Engineering China Earthquake Administration&Gansu ProvinceLanzhou730000China College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China

To effectively improve the poor engineering properties of loess and enhance its seismic performance,the industrial by-product lignin is used as a modified *** on lots of dynamic triaxial tests,the dynamic elastic modulus and damping ratio of lignin-modified loess were *** effects of lignin content on the dynamic elastic modulus and damping ratio of lignin-modified loess were *** with scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD),the microscopic mechanism of lignin to improve the dynamic properties of loess was *** results show that lignin can effectively modify the dynamic deformation of loess under dynamic *** the same dynamic stress condition,the dynamic strain of lignin-modified loess is smaller than compacted *** dynamic elastic modulus of modified loess with different lignin content are quite different,but both decrease with the increase of dynamic *** the dynamic elastic modulus of modified loess is greater than compacted *** maximum dynamic elastic modulus of modified loess with a lignin content of 1%are significantly greater than *** the same dynamic strain condition,the damping ratio of lignin-modified loess is smaller than compacted *** can effectively fill loess pores and cement loess *** with compacted loess,no new mineral components are generated in the lignin-modified *** optimum lignin content of dynamics characteristic of modified loess is present,and the optimum lignin content is 1%.

关键词： Lignin modified treatment dynamic triaxial test SEM XRD

Investigation of the Effect of Pilot Burner on Lean Blow Out Performance of A Staged Injector

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Journal of Thermal Science 2014年第6期23卷 600-608页

作者： YANG Jinhu ZHANG Kaiyu liu Cunxi RUAN Changlong liu fuqiang XU Gang Key Laboratory of Light-duty Gas-turbine Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

The staged injector has exhibited great potential to achieve low emissions and is becoming the preferable choice of many civil airplanes. Moreover, it is promising to employ this injector design in military engine, which requires most of the combustion air enters the combustor through injector to reduce smoke emission. However, lean staged injector is prone to combustion instability and extinction in low load operation, so techniques for broadening its stable operation ranges are crucial for its application in real *** this work, the LBO performance of a staged injector is assessed and analyzed on a single sector test *** experiment was done in atmospheric environment with optical access. Kerosene-PLIF technique was used to visualize the spray distribution and common camera was used to record the flame patterns. Emphasis is put on the influence of pilot burner on LBO performance. The fuel to air ratios at LBO of six injectors with different pilot swirler vane angle were evaluated and the obtained LBO data was converted into data at idle condition. Results show that the increase of pilot swirler vane angle could promote the air assisted atomization, which in turn improves the LBO performance slightly. Flame patterns typical in the process of LBO are analyzed and attempts are made to find out the main factors which govern the extinction process with the assistance of spray distribution and numerical flow field results. It can be learned that the flame patterns are mainly influenced by structure of the flow field just behind the pilot burner when the fuel mass flow rate is high; with the reduction of fuel, atomization quality become more and more important and is the main contributing factor of LBO. In the end of the paper,conclusions are drawn and suggestions are made for the optimization of the present staged injector.

关键词： Staged injector LBO Spray distribution Flame pattern

Numerical Study of Effect of Compressor Swirling Flow on Combustor Design in a MTE

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Journal of Thermal Science 2017年第4期26卷 349-354页

作者： MU Yong WANG Chengdong liu Cunxi liu fuqiang HU Chunyan XU Gang ZHU Junqiang Key Laboratory of Light-duty Gas-turbine Institute of Engineering ThermophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Institute of Qingdao Light-duty Gas-turbine Qingdao 266000China

An effect of the swirling flow on the combustion performance is studied by the computational fluid dynamics(CFD) in a micro-gas turbine with a centrifugal compressor, dump diffuser and forward-flow combustor. The distributions of air mass and the Temperature Pattern Factor(as: Overall Temperature Distribution Factor-OTDF) in outlet are investigated with two different swirling angles of compressed air as 0° and 15° in three combustors. The results show that the influences of swirling flow on the air distribution and OTDF cannot be neglected. Compared with no-swirling flow, the air through outer liner is more, and the air through the inner liner is less, and the pressure loss is bigger under the swirling condition in the same combustor. The Temperature Pattern Factor changes under the different swirling conditions.

关键词： Combustor CFD Compressor exit flow angle Micro Turbojet Engine (MTE)

Efficient removal of Cr(Ⅲ)-carboxyl complex from neutral and high-salinity wastewater by nitrogen doped biomass-based composites

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2023年第1期34卷 397-402页

作者： Li Song Shichao Jing Yixing Qiu fuqiang liu Aimin Li State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Heavy metals usually exist stably as the species of organic complexes in high-salinity ***,their effective removal is challenging,especially when the initial p H is ***,a novel nitrogen doped biomass-based composite(N-CMCS)was synthesized to remove the complexed heavy metal of Cr(Ⅲ)-*** maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(Ⅲ)-Citrate(Cr-Cit)by N-CMCS under neutral p H(7.0)and high-salinity(200 mmol/L NaCl)condition was up to 2.50 mmol/*** the removal performance remained stable after 6 times of *** with species and characterizations analysis,electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding were the main mechanisms for N-CMCS to remove Cr(Ⅲ)-carboxyl *** adsorption indicated N-CMCS column could treat about 1300BV simulated wastewater and 350 BV actual wastewater with the concentration of effluent lower than1.0 mg/***,N-CMCS could remove a variety of complexed heavy metal ions under neutral p H,indicating the great potential in practical application.

关键词： Biomass-based Nitrogen doping Adsorption Complexed heavy metals High-salinity wastewater