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Control of fine particulate nitrate during severe winter haze in“2+26”cities

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 261-269页

作者： Chuang Qin Xiao fu Tao Wang Jian gao Jiaqi Wang Institute of Environment and Ecology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 99907China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 10084China

The“2+26”cities,suffering the most severe winter haze pollution,have been the key region for air quality improvement in *** prominent nitrate pollution is one of the most challenging environmental issues in this region,necessitating development of an effective control ***,we use observations,and state-of-the-art model simulations with scenario analysis and process analysis to quantify the effectiveness of the future SO_(2)-NO_(X)-VOC-NH_(3) emission control on nitrate pollution mitigation in“2+26”*** on a serious winter haze episode,we find that limited NO_(X)emission reduction alone in the short-term period is a less effective choice than VOC or NH_3emission reduction alone to decrease nitrate concentrations,due to the accelerated NO_(X)-HNO_(3)conversion by atmospheric oxidants and the enhanced HNO_(3)to NO_(3)^(-)partition by ammonia,although deep NO_(X)emission reduction is essential in the long-term *** synergistic NH_(3) and VOC emission control is strongly recommended,which can counteract the adverse effects of nonlinear photochemistry and aerosol chemical feedback to decrease nitrate *** extra benefits will be reduced if the synergistic NH_(3) and VOC reduction is delayed,and thus reducing emission of multiple precursors is urgently required for the effective control of increasingly severe winter nitrate pollution in“2+26”cities.

关键词： Nitrate Winter haze pollution Emission reduction “2+26”cities

Projected changes in extreme snowfall events over the Tibetan Plateau based on a set of RCM simulations

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2024年第5期17卷 3-9页

作者： Yuanhai fu Xuejie gao Climate Change Research Center Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina

Extreme snowfall events over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)cause considerable damage to local society and natural *** this study,the authors investigate the projected changes in such events over the TP and its surrounding areas based on an ensemble of a set of 21st century climate change projections using a regional climate model,*** model is driven by five CMIP5 global climate models at a grid spacing of 25 km,under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 *** modified ETCCDI extreme indices-namely,SNOWTOT,S1mm,S10mm,and Sx5day-are employed to characterize the extreme snowfall ***4 generally reproduces the spatial distribution of the indices over the region,although with a tendency of *** the projected changes,a general decrease in SNOWTOT is found over most of the TP,with greater magnitude and better cross-simulation agreement over the eastern *** the simulations project an overall decrease in S1mm,ranging from a 25%decrease in the west and to a 50%decrease in the east of the *** S10mm and Sx5day are projected to decrease over the eastern part and increase over the central and western parts of the ***,S10mm shows a marked increase(more than double)with high cross-simulation agreement over the central *** increases in all four indices are found over the Tarim and Qaidam basins,and northwestern China north of the *** projected changes show topographic dependence over the TP in the latitudinal direction,and tend to decrease/increase in low-/high-altitude areas.

关键词： Extreme snowfall Regional climate model Tibetan plateau Climate change

Boron-doped carbon dots:Doping strategies,performance effects,and applications

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第7期35卷 100-106页

作者： qiang fu Shouhong Sun Kangzhi Lu Ning Li Zhanhua Dong College of Engineering Qufu Normal UniversityRizhao 276826China

Due to their superior fluorescence,phosphorescence,and catalytic capabilities,carbon dots(CDs),an emerging class of fluorescent carbon nanomaterials,have a wide range of potential *** properties of CDs have recently been controlled extensively by heteroatom *** atoms have been effectively doped into the structure of CDs due to their similar size to carbon atoms and excellent electron-absorbing ability to further improve the performance of *** this review,we summarize the research progress of boron-doped CDs in recent years from the aspects of doping strategies,effects of boron doping on different performances of CDs and *** from the two aspects of single boron doping and boron and other atom co-doping,from different precursor materials to different synthesis methods,the doping strategies of boron-doped CDs are reviewed in ***,the effects of boron doping on the fluorescence,phosphorescence and catalytic performance of CDs and applications of boron-doped CDs in optical sensors,information encryption and anti-counterfeiting are ***,we further provide a prospect towards the future development of boron-doped CDs.

关键词： Carbon dots Boron-doped Luminescent material Doping strategies Performance effects

Ectomycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophyte inoculation improve growth and tolerance of Pinus tabulaeformis under cadmium stress

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 473-483页

作者： Yong ZHOU Yanyan ZHENG Pengwei LI Lingjie XU qiang fu College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071000China

Forest trees can establish symbiotic associations with dark septate endophytes(DSEs)and ectomycorrhizal fungi(ECMF)***,the combined effects of these two fungi on the growth and cadmium(Cd)tolerance of host plants remain largely *** address this knowledge gap,a pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of the interaction between an ECMF strain(Suillus granulatus)and a DSE strain(Pseudopyrenochaeta sp.)on Pinus tabulaeformis under Cd stress,by assessing plant growth and physiological parameters,nutrient uptake,and soil ***,the colonization rates of both fungal strains were found to increase in response to Cd stress,with the extent of this increase being influenced by the specific fungal species and the Cd level in the *** to the non-inoculation treatment,single inoculation with fungal strain resulted in enhanced biomass,root development,and nutrient contents in *** seedlings under Cd ***,a synergistic effect was observed when these seedlings were co-inoculated with *** and Pseudopyrenochaeta sp.,as indicated by significantly greater measurements in various indicators compared to both the single and non-inoculation *** inoculation effectively regulated the antioxidant defense responses and photosynthesis of *** seedlings subjected to Cd stress,particularly in the co-inoculation *** addition,fungal inoculation facilitated the Cd accumulation in ***,suggesting a promising potential for the implementation of bioremediation strategies in the areas contaminated with heavy *** findings from this study indicate that the utilization of root symbiotic fungi obtained from stress environments could potentially enhance the growth performance and tolerance of *** towards heavy metals,and co-inoculation of both fungal groups may result in even more pronounced synergistic effects on the overall fitness of the plant.

关键词： antioxidant defense response colonization rate fungal inoculation heavy metal tolerance physiological parameter root symbiotic fungi soil property

PVP/PAN-derived porous carbon fiber for zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors

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Rare Metals 2024年第7期43卷 3066-3073页

作者： Shu-Hua Yang Wen-Qing fu Yan-Wei Cui Bing-qiang Cao Materials Center for Energy and Photoelectrochemical Conversion School of Material Science and EngineeringUniversity of JinanJinan 250022China

Porous carbon fibers are promising cathodes for zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors(ZHSs)owing to their abundant active sites,great conductivity,and stable physical and chemical ***,designing a proper preparation technique to regulate the microstructure of carbon fibers still remains a great ***,a poly vinylpyrrolidone/po-lyacry lonitrile(PVP/PAN)-derived porous carbon fiber is developed via the PVP/PAN blend electrospinning and hydrothermal selective PVP removal *** hydrothermal selective PVP removal strategy can effectively avoid a cross-linking between PVP and PAN during the traditional stabilization at air *** PVP/PAN-derived porous carbon fiber,the sufficient micropores provide abundant space for the Zn^(2+)storage,whereas the proper mesopores contribute to the fast ion *** hierarchical porous structures endow ZHSs with high specific capacity and high-rate *** ZHS assembled with the optimal PVP/PAN-derived porous carbon fiber(PVP-PANC-0.8)displays an outstanding specific capacity of 208 mAh·g^(-1),high rate capability(49.5%)from 0.5 to 5 A·g^(-1),and 72.25%capacity retention after 10,000 cycles at 0.5 A·g^(-1).

关键词： Zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors Porous carbon fibers Hierarchical porous structures Electrospinning

Dynamics of Land Use/Land Cover Considering Ecosystem Services for a Dense-Population Watershed Based on a Hybrid Dual-Subject Agent and Cellular Automaton Modeling Approach

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 182-195页

作者： Yutong Li Yanpeng Cai qiang fu Xiaodong Zhang Hang Wan Zhifeng Yang Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds Institute of Environmental and Ecological EngineeringGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong UniversityQingdao 266000China

Land use/land cover represents the interactive and comprehensive influences between human activities and natural conditions,leading to potential conflicts among natural and human-related issues as well as among *** study introduced economic standards for farmers.A hybrid approach(CA-ABM)of cellular automaton(CA)and an agent-based model(ABM)was developed to effectively deal with social and land-use synergic issues to examine human–environment interactions and projections of land-use conversions for a humid basin in south *** attributes and socioeconomic data were used to analyze land use/land cover and its drivers of *** major modules of the CA-ABM are initialization,migration,assets,land suitability,and land-use change *** estimates of the factors influencing the urban land-use conversion probability were captured using parameters based on a spatial logistic regression(SLR)***,multicriteria evaluation(MCE)and Markov models were introduced to obtain empirical estimates of the factors affecting the probability of ecological land *** agent-based CA-SLR-MCE-Markov(ABCSMM)land-use conversion model was proposed to explore the impacts of policies on land-use *** model can reproduce observed land-use patterns and provide links for forest transition and urban expansion to land-use decisions and ecosystem *** results demonstrated land-use simulations under multi-policy scenarios,revealing the usefulness of the model for normative research on land-use management.

关键词： Land use/land cover Human-environment interactions Agent-based model Cellular automaton

Economic analysis of spider web airline networks

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2009年第1期21卷 49-53页

作者： Wen-dong Yang, Jin-fu Zhu, qiang gao,Wen-fang Wang College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China. College of Civil Aviation Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 210016 China

The distinct network organization, management, service and operating characteristics of US Southwest Airlines are key elements of its success compared with other airlines. As a network organization type, the spider web airline network has received more attention. In this paper, we analyzed the relation between the spider web airline network and spider web, and the structure of spider web airline network, built the assignment model of the spider web airline network,and investigated the economics concerned.

关键词： spider web spider web airline network economic analysis

The study of intelligent algorithm in particle identification of heavy-ion collisions at low and intermediate energies

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第2期35卷 170-182页

作者： gao-Yi Cheng Qian-Min Su Xi-Guang Cao Guo-qiang Zhang School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering ScienceShanghai 201620China Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201210China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China

Traditional particle identification methods face timeconsuming,experience-dependent,and poor repeatability challenges in heavy-ion collisions at low and intermediate *** urgently need solutions to the dilemma of traditional particle identification *** study explores the possibility of applying intelligent learning algorithms to the particle identification of heavy-ion collisions at low and intermediate *** intelligent algorithms,including XgBoost and TabNet,were selected to test datasets from the neutron ion multi-detector for reaction-oriented dynamics(NIMROD-ISiS)and Geant4 ***-based machine learning algorithms and deep learning algorithms *** show excellent performance and generalization *** additional data features besides energy deposition can improve the algorithm’s performance when the data distribution is *** learning algorithms can be applied to solve the particle identification problem in heavy-ion collisions at low and intermediate energies.

关键词： Heavy-ion collisions at low and intermediate energies Machine learning Ensemble learning algorithm Particle identification Data imbalance

Enhancing Dense Small Object Detection in UAV Images Based on Hybrid Transformer

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3993-4013页

作者： Changfeng Feng Chunping Wang Dongdong Zhang Renke Kou qiang fu Shijiazhuang Campus People Liberation Army Engineering UniversityShijiazhuang050003China School of Information and Intelligent Engineering Sanya UniversitySanya572000China

Transformer-based models have facilitated significant advances in object ***,their extensive computational consumption and suboptimal detection of dense small objects curtail their applicability in unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)*** these limitations,we propose a hybrid transformer-based detector,H-DETR,and enhance it for dense small objects,leading to an accurate and efficient ***,we introduce a hybrid transformer encoder,which integrates a convolutional neural network-based cross-scale fusion module with the original encoder to handle multi-scale feature sequences more ***,we propose two novel strategies to enhance detection performance without incurring additional inference *** filter is designed to cope with the dense clustering inherent in drone-captured images by counteracting similar queries with a training-aware non-maximum *** denoising learning is a novel enhancement method inspired by adversarial learning,which improves the detection of numerous small targets by counteracting the effects of artificial spatial and semantic *** experiments on the VisDrone and UAVDT datasets substantiate the effectiveness of our approach,achieving a significant improvement in accuracy with a reduction in computational *** method achieves 31.9%and 21.1%AP on the VisDrone and UAVDT datasets,respectively,and has a faster inference speed,making it a competitive model in UAV image object detection.

关键词： UAV images transformer dense small object detection