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Tight sandstone gas accumulation mechanism and development models

Petroleum Science 2015年第4期12卷 587-605页

作者： Zhen-Xue jiang Zhuo Li Feng Li Xiong-Qi Pang Wei Yang Luo-fu Liu fu-jie jiang State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Unconventional Natural Gas Institute China University of Petroleum College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum

Tight sandstone gas serves as an important unconventional hydrocarbon resource, and outstanding results have been obtained through its discovery both in China and abroad given its great resource potential. However, heated debates and gaps still remain regarding classification standards of tight sandstone gas, and critical controlling factors, accumulation mechanisms, and devel- opment modes of tight sandstone reservoirs are not deter- mined. Tight sandstone gas reservoirs in China are generally characterized by tight strata, widespread distri- bution areas, coal strata supplying gas, complex gas-water relations, and abnormally low gas reservoir pressure. Water and gas reversal patterns have been detected via glass tube and quartz sand modeling, and the presence of critical geological conditions without buoyancy-driven mecha- nisms can thus be assumed. According to the timing of gas charging and reservoir tightening phases, the following three tight sandstone gas reservoir types have been identified：（a）＂accumulation-densification＂（AD）, or the conventional tight type, （b）＂densification-accumulation＂（DA）, or the deep tight type, and （c） the composite tight type. For the AD type, gas charging occurs prior to reser- voir densification, accumulating in higher positions under buoyancy-controlled mechanisms with critical controlling factors such as source kitchens （S）, regional overlaying cap rocks （C）, gas reservoirs, （D） and low fluid potential areas （P）. For the DA type, reservoir densification prior to the gas charging period （GCP） leads to accumulation in depres- sions and slopes largely due to hydrocarbon expansive forces without buoyancy, and critical controlling factors are effective source rocks （S）, widely distributed reservoirs （D）, stable tectonic settings （W） and universal densification of reservoirs （L）. The composite type includes features of the AD type and DA type, and before and after reservoir densification period （RDP）, gas charging and accumulation

关键词： Tight sandstone gas Reservoir features Accumulation mechanism Type classification Development mode

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Quantitative prediction model for the depth limit of oil accumulation in the deep carbonate rocks:A case study of Lower Ordovician in Tazhong area of Tarim Basin

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 115-124页

作者： Wen-Yang Wang Xiong-Qi Pang Ya-Ping Wang Zhang-Xin Chen fu-jie jiang Ying Chen State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China Research Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanyChengdu610041SichuanChina Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Schulich School of EngineeringUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryT2N 1N4Canada

With continuous hydrocarbon exploration extending to deeper basins,the deepest industrial oil accumulation was discovered below 8,200 m,revealing a new exploration ***,the extent to which oil exploration can be extended,and the prediction of the depth limit of oil accumulation(DLOA),are issues that have attracted significant attention in petroleum *** it is difficult to characterize the evolution of the physical properties of the marine carbonate reservoir with burial depth,and the deepest drilling still cannot reach the ***,the DLOA cannot be predicted by directly establishing the relationship between the ratio of drilling to the dry layer and the *** this study,by establishing the relationships between the porosity and the depth and dry layer ratio of the carbonate reservoir,the relationships between the depth and dry layer ratio were obtained *** depth corresponding to a dry layer ratio of 100%is the *** on this,a quantitative prediction model for the DLOA was finally *** results indicate that the porosity of the carbonate reservoir,Lower Ordovician in Tazhong area of Tarim Basin,tends to decrease with burial depth,and manifests as an overall low porosity reservoir in deep *** critical porosity of the DLOA was 1.8%,which is the critical geological condition corresponding to a 100%dry layer ratio encountered in the *** depth of the DLOA was 9,000 *** study provides a new method for DLOA prediction that is beneficial for a deeper understanding of oil accumulation,and is of great importance for scientific guidance on deep oil drilling.

关键词： Deep layer Tarim Basin Hydrocarbon accumulation Depth limit of oil accumulation Prediction model

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Influencing mechanism of saline sediments on pore system formation and evolution in terrestrial shales

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Petroleum Science 2023年第6期20卷 3280-3300页

作者： Yu-Qi Wu fu-jie jiang Di Chen Jing Guo Chen-Xi Zhu Zhao Zhao Zhuo-Yue Yan Tao Hu State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China College of Geosciences China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China Tianjin Branch of CNOOC China Ltd Tianjin300452China

The majority of oil and gas resources in the world are related to saline sediments, which mainly occur in sedimentary strata in the form of cap rocks or salt-associated shales. A large number of shale oil resources have been discovered in the saline shale sediments of the Cenozoic terrestrial lake basin in China. The hydrocarbon generation ability and the reservoir capacity of shale control the oil and gas generation. The reservoir capacity is mainly characterized by pore type, structure and porosity. Most of China’s shale oil and gas resources belong to salt-bearing formations. The role of gypsum-salt rocks in the formation and evolution of organic matter (OM) in such formations has received extensive attention. However, systematic understanding is lacking. Research on the pore formation and evolution in shale under the action of gypsum-salt rock sediments is especially weak. Taking the shales in the third member of the Shahejie Formation (Es_(3)) of the Bohai Bay Basin as an example, the influence of halite on the formation and evolution process of pores was studied in this paper. The results show that halite and gypsum minerals were associated with OM, which made them more likely to develop OM pores. The samples with a high halite mineral content (HC) are more developed regarding the pore volume and specific surface area than those with a low HC. The formation of thick salt rocks is influenced by factors of deep thermal brine upwelling, sea erosion and arid environments. The frequent alternation between humid and arid environments led to the outbreak and death of organisms and the precipitation of gypsum-salt rock, which formed the simultaneous deposition of OM and halite minerals. Finally, we have established a model of shale pore evolution under the participation of the gypsum-salt rock, and halite minerals contribute to pore development in both Stage II and Stage IV. This study provides strong microscopic evidence for the pore system formation and evolution in

关键词： Bohai bay basin Dongpu depression Pore evolution Salt-associated shale Halite mineral

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Middle Eocene terrestrial paleoweathering and climate evolution in the midlatitude Bohai Bay Basin of eastern China

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Petroleum Science 2023年第3期20卷 1471-1487页

作者： Di Chen fu-jie jiang Xiong-Qi Pang Ling-Jian Meng Zheng-Jun Wang Zhi Xu Xue Zhang Li-Na Huo Jia-Hao Wen Ren-jie zhao Yuan Li State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting Beijing102249China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Bejing)Beijing102249China Petro China Jidong Oilfeld Company TangshanHebei063004China Chinese Academy of Natural Resources Economics Bejing100035China

The middle Eocene climatic optimum(MECO,ca.-42 Ma)is a key time period for understanding Cenozoic cooling of the global ***,midlatitude terrestrial records of climate evolution during MEcO epoch are *** this study,continuous high-resolution record of shale sediments in mid-Eocene Shahejie Formation(MES shales)in the Bohai Bay Basin were performed with major-element and wavelet *** midlatitude paleoweathering and paleoclimatic evolution during MEcO epoch were analyzed in this *** MES shales experienced weak-moderate paleoweathering under a subtropical monsoon paleoclimate with mean annual temperature of 8.3-12.9℃ and mean annual precipitation of 685-1100 mm/*** MES shales record a mixed provenance involving intermediate igneous rocks,and low compositional *** nutrient-rich environment led to enrichment in organic matter in the MES *** analysis revealed good periodicity about the paleoclimate and weathering during MECO *** the stage I of MES shales depositional process,the paleolake was high in nutrients,and the MES shales experienced high chemical weathering due to a relatively warmer and more humid *** contrast,the climate in stage II was relatively cold and dry,and the maturity of the MES shales was relatively high during this stage,suggesting a relatively stable tectonic *** work provides more terrestrial records of MEco epoch for midlatitude region,and is benefit for better understanding of the palaeoenvironment when MES shales *** implication of organic matters enrichment in this study is meaningful for the shale oil/gas exploration in Nanpu Sag.

关键词： Middle Eocene Paleoclimate Weathering MES shales Bohai Bay Basin

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Study of Spectral Character of Alkali Metals Using Microwave Plasma Torch Simultaneous Spectrometer

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2006年第6期22卷 703-707页

作者： FENG Guo-dong WAN Yi HUAN Yan-fu jiang jie LI Ming CAO Yan-bo YU Ai-min JIN Qin-han Institute of Miniature Analytical Instrumentation College of Chemistry Jilin University Jilin Province Research Center for Engineering and Technology of Spectral Instruments Changchun 130023 P. R. China

A microwave plasma torch （MPT） simultaneous spectrometer was used to study the spectral character and the matrix effect on alkali metal ions in solution. The main parameters were optimized. The microwave forward power was 100 W. The argon flow rate that was used to sustain the Ar-MPT included the flow rate of carrier gas and the flow rate of support gas, which were 0. 8 and 1.0 L/min, respectively. The HC1 concentration in the solution was 0.02 mol/L. The observation height was 9. 0 ram. The detection limits of Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs were 0. 0003, 0. 0004, 0. 009, 0.07 and 2.4 mg/L, respectively, and the resuhs obtained by the Ar-MPT were compared with those obtained by argon inductively coupled plasma（Ar-ICP） and argon microwave induced plasma（Ar-MIP）. The interference effects of several matrix elements were also studied.

关键词： Alkali metals Microwave plasma torch Simultaneous spectrometer Matrix effects

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Key factors controlling shale oil enrichment in saline lacustrine rift basin:implications from two shale oil wells in Dongpu Depression,Bohai Bay Basin

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Petroleum Science 2021年第3期18卷 687-711页

作者： Tao Hu Xiong-Qi Pang fu-jie jiang Qi-Feng Wang Guan-Yun Wu Xiao-Han Liu Shu jiang Chang-Rong Li Tian-Wu Xu Yuan-Yuan Chen State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China College of Geosciences China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Energy&Geoscience Institute University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84108USA Research Institute of Exploration and Development Zhongyuan Oilfeld CompanySINOPECPuyangHenan 457001China

Comparative analyses of petroleum generation potential,reservoir volume,frackability,and oil mobility were conducted on 102 shale cores from the Dongpu *** show the shale has high organic matter contents composed of oil-prone type I and type II kerogens within the oil *** types of pores and fractures exist in the shale,with a porosity of up to 14.9%.The shale has high brittle mineral contents,extensive fractures,and high potential for oil mobility due to high seepage capacity and *** the petroleum generation potential of the shale at Well PS18-8 is relatively greater than that at Well PS18-1,oil content of the latter is greater due to the greater *** porosity and fracture density observed in Well PS18-1 are greater and more conducive to shale oil *** the shales in Wells PS18-1 and PS18-8 have similar brittle mineral contents,the former is more favorable for anthropogenic fracturing due to a higher preexisting fracture ***,the shale at Well PS18-1 has a higher seepage capacity and overpressure and therefore a higher oil *** fracture density and overpressure play key roles in shale oil enrichment.

关键词： Petroleum generation potential Reservoir volume Frackability Oil mobility Shale oil enrichment Dongpu Depression Saline lacustrine rift basin

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Quantitative effect of kerogen type on the hydrocarbon generation potential of Paleogene lacustrine source rocks,Liaohe Western Depression,China

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 14-30页

作者： Sha-Sha Hui Xiong-Qi Pang fu-jie jiang Chen-Xi Wang Shu-Xing Mei Tao Hu Hong Pang Min Li Xiao-Long Zhou Kan-Yuan Shi State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China Exploration and Development Research Institute PetroChina Liaohe Oilfield CompanyPanjin 124010LiaoningChina

Kerogen types exert a decisive effect on the onset and capacity of hydrocarbon generation of source *** source rocks in the Liaohe Western Depression are characterized by thick deposition,high total organic carbon(TOC)content,various kerogen types,and a wide range of thermal ***,their hydrocarbon generation potential and resource estimation can be *** this study,geochemical tests,numerical analysis,hydrocarbon generation kinetics,and basin modeling were integrated to investigate the differential effects of kerogen types on the hydrocarbon generation potential of lacustrine source *** hydrocarbon generation and expulsion(HGE)models of different kerogen types were established quantitatively upon abundant Rock-Eval/TOC/vitrinite reflectance(R_(o))*** sets of good-excellent source rocks deposited in the fourth(Es4),third(Es3),and first(Es1)members of Paleogene Shahejie Formation,are predominantly types I-II_(1),II_(1)-II_(2),and II-III,*** activation energy of types I-II_(2)kerogen is concentrated(180-230 kcal/mol),whereas that of type III kerogen is widely distributed(150-280 kcal/mol).The original hydrocarbon generation potentials of types I,II_(1),II_(2),and III kerogens are 790,510,270,and 85 mg/g TOC,*** Ro values of the hydrocarbon generation threshold for type I-III source rocks gradually increase from 0.42%to 0.74%,and Ro values of the hydrocarbon expulsion threshold increase from 0.49%to 0.87%.Types I and II_(1)source rocks are characterized by earlier hydrocarbon generation,more rapid hydrocarbon expulsion,and narrower hydrocarbon generation windows than types II_(2)and III source *** kerogen types also affect the HGE history and resource *** types(conventional,tight,and shale oil/gas)and three levels(realistic,expected,and prospective)of hydrocarbon resources of different members in the Liaohe Western Depression are *** suggest that t

关键词： Kerogen type Hydrocarbon generation potential Lacustrine source rocks Liaohe western depression

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Influence of sulfate on the generation of bitumen components from kerogen decomposition during catagenesis

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Petroleum Science 2021年第6期18卷 1611-1618页

作者： Jia Wu Wen Qi fu-jie jiang Qing-Yong Luo Chun-Lin Zhang Huan-Zhen Hu Zi Wang Qi-Sheng Ma Yong-Chun Tang State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China College of Geoscience China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&DevelopmentdNorthwest LanzhouGansu730020China PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development Beijing100083China University of Southern California Los AngelesCA90089USA Power Environmental Energy Research Institute CovinaCA91722USA

High-quality source rocks in saline lacustrine or marine sedimentary environments often show early peak petroleum generation and enhanced hydrocarbon yields,which have conventionally been attributed to organosulfur-enhanced thermal decomposition of kero ***,there is increasing awareness that the coexisting inorganic salts,particularly sulfates,might also contribute to the acceleration of petroleum *** this study,we investigated the influence of sulfates on the thermal decomposition of kerogen sampled from the Pingliang Formation in the Ordos *** results demonstrate that the kerogen samples mixed with sulfate generate more hydrocarbons with a lower peak production temperature than their sulfate-free *** chemical analysis revealed that the presence of sulfates significantly facilitated the generation of resins and asphaltenes at temperatures below 350℃,corresponding in our simulations to the early stage of petroleum generation(Easy%R_o ful guidance in the exploration for low-maturity oils.

关键词： Sulfate Kerogen Thermal decomposition Resins and asphaltenes Redox reactions

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Effect of petroleum chemical fraction and residual oil content in saline lacustrine organic-rich shale: A case study from the Paleogene Dongpu Depression of North China

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Petroleum Science 2023年第2期20卷 649-669页

作者： Chen-Xi Zhu fu-jie jiang Peng-Yuan Zhang Zhao Zhao Xin Chen Yu-Qi Wu Yuan-Yuan Chen Wei Wang Ze-Zhang Song Tao Hu Tian-Wu Xu Yong-Shui Zhou State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing102249China China University of Petroleum(Beijing) Beijing102249China Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100191China Tianjin Branch of CNOOC Ltd Tianjin300459China Shenzhen Branch CNOOC China LimitedShenzhenGuangdong518000China Zhongyuan Oilfield Branch SINOPECHenan457001China

Halite and gypsum minerals in saline shale make the retention mechanism and chemical fractionation of residual oil unique. The Dongpu Depression in North China is a typically saline lacustrine basin with developing halite and gypsum. The effect of gypsum minerals on residual oil content and chemical fractionation remains unclear. In this study, shale samples with different gypsum contents were used in organic geochemical experiments, showing that the high total organic matter (TOC) content and type II kerogen leads to a high residual oil content, as shown by high values of volatile hydrocarbon (S1) and extractable organic matter (EOM). XRD and FE-SEM result indicate that the existence of gypsum in saline shale contributes to an enhanced pore space and a higher residual oil content in comparison to non-gypsum shale. Additionally, the increase in the gypsum mineral content leads to an increase in the saturated hydrocarbon percentage and a decrease in polar components percentage (resins and asphaltene). furthermore, thermal simulation experiments on low-mature saline shale show that the percentage of saturated hydrocarbons in the residual oil is high and remains stable and that the storage space is mainly mesoporous (> 20 nm) in the oil expulsion stage. However, the saturated hydrocarbons percentage decreases rapidly, and oil exists in mesopores (> 20 nm and < 5 nm) in the gas expulsion stage. In general, gypsum is conducive to the development of pore space, the adsorption of hydrocarbons and the occurrence of saturated hydrocarbon, leading to large quantities of residual oil. The data in this paper should prove to be reliable for shale oil exploration in saline lacustrine basins.

关键词： Oil fractionation Residual oil Saline lacustrine shale The Dongpu Depression

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Characteristics and origin of low-organicmatter carbonate source rocks in the Middle-Upper Ordovician, Tarim Basin, northwestern China

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第3期13卷 594-619页

作者： Jun-Qing Chen fu-jie jiang Xiong-Qi Pang Hai-Jun Yang Kan-Yuan Shi Bo Pang Hong Pang Jian-Fa Chen Zhuo-Heng Chen Xin-Gang Zhang Song Wu State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China Basic Research Center for Energy Interdisciplinary College of ScienceChina University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China Beijing Key Laboratory of Optical Detection Technology for Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Beijing 102249China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Tarim Oilfield CompanyKorla 841000Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionChina Geological Survey of Canada Natural Resources CanadaCalgary T2L 2A7Canada

The continually-discovered large volumes of marine hydrocarbons indicate a huge exploration potential within the carbonate rocks of Ordovician in the Tarim Basin,northwestern *** Middle-Upper Ordovician(O2+3)carbonate source rocks are at a highly mature *** rocks presently contain a low amount of total organic carbon(TOC_(pd)≤0.5%)(TOC_(pd) means the present-day TOC).A mass balance approach is used to identify the source rocks that have expelled *** characteristics and origin of hydrocarbon expulsion from low-TOC_(pd) source rocks are studied,which are significant for oil exploration in the *** results showed that a low-TOC_(pd) O2+3 source rock having expelled hydrocarbons was type I and had a very narrow oil *** a high rock maturity and a high original TOC(TOCo)value exceeding 1%,nearly 80%of the generated hydrocarbons were *** content of gammacerane and C28 steranes in the oil and source rock extracts were relatively lean,with a V-shaped distribution of regular steranes,suggesting a possible genetic relation between the low-TOC_(pd) source rocks and the marine oil in the Tabei *** planktonic algae or acritarchs were the main hydrocarbon parent materials,distributed in the subsiding platform-slope *** matter was preserved under reducing conditions,and source rocks were formed with a favorable kerogen type and a moderate hydrocarbon generation *** study illustrates the hydrocarbon expulsion of low TOC_(pd) source rocks in northern Tarim Basin,which is greatly significant for analyzing the genesis of marine crude oil in Tarim Basin,and evaluating the distribution of marine source *** research method is theoretically significant for oil and gas exploration in the same type of highlymature carbonate paleobasins.

关键词： Carbonate source rock Mass balance approach Present-day TOC Genesis mechanism Tarim Basin

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