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Mortality and Associated Risk Factors among In-Patients with Covid-19 in Douala, Cameroon: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第1期12卷 1-19页

作者： Francois Adrien Bokalli fru mcwright chi Ephesians Anutebeh Caven Ngoe Mbachan Takere Edwin Ewane Dieudonne Akanji Conrald Ekukole Marie-Solange Ndom Mireille-Laurent Endale David Mekolo Henry Luma Jacqueline Ze Minkande Marcelin Ngowe Ngowe Specialised COVID-19 Treatment Centre Yassa Douala Cameroon Department of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Medicine Laquintinie Hospital Douala Cameroon Intensive Care and Emergency Department Laquintinie Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine Douala General Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Surgery and Specialties Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde Yaounde Cameroon Department of Surgery and Specialties Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon

Background: In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease 2019 a pandemic, this was caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. The overall mortality from this remains high, yet there are limited studies assessing the associated factors in Africa. Objective: To identify the factors associated with mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Douala, Cameroon. Method: We conducted a single-centre retrospective cross-sectional study by reviewing records of patients managed for COVID-19 between March and June 2020. Diagnosis was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Outcome of interest was mortality during hospitalization. We inputted and analyzed data using SPSS version 25.0, compared mortality between groups using the chi’s squared test and the Fisher’s exact test where appropriately investigated for associations using the Logistic regression in a stepwise approach and alpha-value set at P = 0.05. Results: We analyzed 282 case files, 68% were males (M:F = 2:1) and a mean age of 52 (±15) years. We had an overall mortality of 31.5% (89/282 patients) and 54% (50/92 patients) admitted in the ICU died. Patients aged 0 - 39 years had a significantly lesser odds of mortality compared to those > 70 years (OR: 0.2 (0.1 - 0.5) P Conclusion: The in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients is very high and hospitalisation into the ICU is associated with even higher mortality. Advanced age, diffused lung involvement (particularly with alveolar consolidation), hemodynamic instability at presentation and altered level of consciousness favoured hospitalisation in the ICU. Once in the ICU, placement on mechanical ventilation did not reduce death discernibly.

关键词： COVID-19 Risk Factors Mortality Cameroon

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Germination and Survival of Maize and Beans Seeds: Effects of Irrigation with NaCl and Heavy Metals Contaminated Water

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第5期12卷 769-792页

作者： Cornelius Tsamo Sendze Martinien Alanyuy Eric fru Zama chi Christopher Tamu Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering College of Technology University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon Department of Chemistry Higher Teachers’ Training College University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon

Metal toxicity and soil salinity at excessive levels in soils are toxic to plants. The main objective of this study was to demonstrate the effects of water salinity (NaCl) and heavy metal concentration on germination and seedling characteristics of maize and beans seeds. Different concentrations of NaCl (0 to 35000 mg/L) and Zn2+, Cu2+ and Pb2+ with concentrations 0 to 600 μmol/L each were used separately. These solutions were used to irrigate maize and bean seeds for 30 days. Data was taken daily for the following parameters;“the number of germinated seeds, shoot length, shoot circumference, leaf area index, leaf colors, senescence, and disease occurrences.” The crops were uprooted at the end of the 30 days and their wet masses were measured and recorded. Results indicated that seed germination reduced with an increase in the concentration of NaCl for both maize and beans with 0% germination recorded in concentrations > 5000 mg/L. The same trends were observed for other parameters, the shoot length, the leaf area index, and the shoot circumference. “For heavy metals, the trends were similar. Beans growth was more affected by Zn and Cu but maize growth was more affected by Pb.” The dry masses and wet masses of the crops with higher concentrations of metals and salts were very low compared to the control experiments. For the effects of salinity and heavy metals on beans and maize seeds, there was a significant difference (P ≤ 0.001) between all tested concentrations and the control for all growth parameters monitored. It was concluded from the results that salinity and heavy metals affect the germination and seedling characteristics of maize and beans;though some metals are essential, their presence in higher concentrations instead cause harm.

关键词： Salinity Heavy Metals Pollution Seedling Characteristics Irrigation

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Helicobacter Pylori Infections in Peptic Ulcer Perforations: A Retrospective Analysis in Two Referral Hospitals in Douala, Cameroon

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Surgical Science 2020年第10期11卷 298-311页

作者： Francois Adrien Morel Bokalli chi fru mcwright Jerry Brown Njoh Aseneh Takere Maseoli Mbachan Ngomba Divine Mokake Jules Clément Assob Nguedia Marcelin Ngowe Ngowe Department of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Laquintinie Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Surgery Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon

Background: Perforations are major complications of peptic ulcer disease and surgical emergencies with important mortality and morbidity. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been identified as one of the commonest factors associated with peptic ulcer disease. However, little is known about its implication in cases of perforations in Cameroon. We aimed to determine the frequency of Helicobacter pylori infections in cases of perforated peptic ulcers, describe clinical features and outcomes of these cases in Cameroon. Method: A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted through the review of patients’ records admitted for peptic ulcer perforations in Laquintinie and Douala General Hospitals over a period of 5 years (January 2014 - December 2018). We defined H. pylori infection as;positive result on tissue biopsy at time of surgery. We used SPSS version 23.0 to analyse data and set an alpha value at P = 0.05. Results: We reviewed 115 cases of peptic ulcer perforation, with a mean age of 40 years and sex ratio (M:F) of 5:1. All patients underwent emergency laparotomy, 48 (41%) cases had a biopsy report and the prevalence of H. pylori infection in these cases was 47.9 %. Smoking, alcohol consumption and Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) use, were not associated with peptic ulcer perforation. The morbidity was at 43.7% and mortality at 14%. Mortality was increasing with a higher Mannheim Peritonitis Index score (OR: 23.51, 95% CI: 4.197 - 143.003, P-value: 0.000). Conclusion: We observed a high prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with peptic ulcer perforations. We recommend systematic H. pylori screening in cases of perforations and that larger studies should be carried out to evaluate the association of H. pylori infection with peptic ulcer perforation in Sub-Saharan Africa.

关键词： Perforated Peptic Ulcers Helicobacter pylori Infections Clinical Features Outcome

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Overweight and Fasting Hyperglycemia in children Born Preterm in a Resource-Limited Country (Cameroon)

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第4期10卷 666-677页

作者： Mah Evelyn Mungyeh Ngwanou Dany Hermann Ngo Um Sap Suzanne Maguip Linda Chelo David Temgoua Ngou Mazou Zantia Gides chiabi Andréas Angwafo III fru Forbushi Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaoundé Yaounde Cameroon Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital Yaounde Cameroon Mother and child Center Chantal Biya Foundation Yaounde Cameroon

Introduction: The survival of more preterm babies through improved management techniques may imply an increased risk of non-communicable diseases including obesity, diabetes and other cardiovascular risk diseases with age. The prevalence of these diseases varies worldwide. The main objective of this study was to determine the rates and factors associated with overweight and diabetes in children born preterm at the Yaoundé Gyneco-Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective cohort study including children aged 6 to 11 years. Data were collected from the records of premature and full-term infants hospitalized from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2013. Patients were evaluated during outpatient consultation, where height, weight, Body mass index and blood pressure were measured together with fasting capillary blood glucose levels. The Fisher test and the Chi-square test were used to compare proportions. Relative risk (RR) was used to establish the relationship between the different variables. Results: We enrolled 125 children born preterm and 250 born at full-term. The mean age was 8.2 ± 1.6 years. The cumulative incidence of pathologies varied according to type: Overweight 32% in preterm versus

关键词： Overweight Diabetes Prematurity Low-Income Country

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