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Assessing the Efficacy of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and Sambong (Blumea balsamifera) Extracts in Combating Black Pod Disease: Sustainable Solutions for Controlling Phytophthora megakarya in Cameroon’s Cocoa Plantations

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 519-537页

作者： Gertrude Membang James Michel Tchotet Tchoumi Godswill Ntsomboh Ntsefong Emmanuel Yvan Mba Ela Sylvere Landry Lontsi Dida Ludovic Tchuenkam Tsango Pascal Loïc Ekango Mbondjo fritz oben tabi Innovative Plant Health Laboratory Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA)-Bafia Annex University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon IDepartment of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Laboratory of Phytopathology and Crop Protection Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA) University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

The use of plant extracts as antifungal agents is gaining increasing attention, particularly for the control of black pod disease in cocoa. Despite extensive research, current strategies haven’t been entirely effective. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Cymbopogon citratus and Blumea balsamifora leaf extracts, both individually and in combination, against Phytophthora megakarya. We assessed the efficacy of the most promising combination (75% B. balsamifera, 25% C. citratus) after storage at room temperature for up to 9 days. Agar microdilution and in vivo bioassays were conducted to determine antifungal susceptibility and effectiveness. Blumea extract exhibited the highest overall inhibitory activity, with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (117 µl mL−1) while C. citratus had a narrower range of MIC (146 to 233 µl mL−1). The combination of C. citratus and B. balsamifera demonstrated a synergistic effect against P. megakarya, achieving growth inhibition on V8 media (92.72 ± 4.20% to 100%) and on artificially infected detached pod cortex (92.24 ± 4.53% to 98.75 ± 1.25%), which was not significantly different from the positive control (Ridomil). Furthermore, this combination maintained its effectiveness for up to 9 days at room temperature. These findings suggest that combining plant extracts can enhance their antifungal properties.

关键词： Plant Extracts Antifungal Agents Synergistic Effect Black Pod Disease Cocoa

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Towards Sustainable Oil Palm Plantation Management: Effects of Plantation Age and Soil Parent Material

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Agricultural Sciences 2020年第1期11卷 54-70页

作者： Georges Kogge Kome fritz oben tabi Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Republic of Cameroon

This study was conducted to generate information required to guide plantation management in relation to replanting on soils derived from different parent materials. Six oil palm estates in coastal lowlands of southwest Cameroon were considered. Oil palm yield data (in t⋅ha−1 of fresh fruit bunch, FFB) and corresponding age of palms (in years after planting, YAP) were obtained for the various estates. In all the estates, average yields were ⋅FFB⋅ha−1 and highly variable. Plantation age, solely, explained between 20% - 58% of the variation in yield. The highest average yields (11.5 t⋅FFB⋅ha−1) were obtained in plantations aged between 9 and 18 YAP and the lowest (4.66 t⋅FFB⋅ha−1) were obtained in old plantations (>23 YAP). Plantations located on volcanic parent materials generally had higher yields compared to those established on sedimentary parent materials. In order to intensify production and increase yields while conserving the environment, one important measure to consider is the replacement of aged palms, and the recommended optimal replanting age in coastal plains of southwest Cameroon should be at most 23 YAP. Estimated mean yields, if aged palms are replanted on time, can increase by 43% - 65%. Additionally, site-specific nutrient management options should be considered in plantation intensification programs.

关键词： Elaeis guineensis Yield Variation Coastal Plain Soils Intensification Oil Palm Replanting Cameroon

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Remineralization of a Dystric Ferralsol Using Basalt and Tephra Dusts,Effective Microorganisms Manure and NPK 20-10-10 for Radish(Raphanus sativus)Production in Bamougoum(Cameroon Western Highlands)

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Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences 2021年第1期3卷 1-15页

作者： Pierre Wotchoko Primus Azinwi Tamfuh Margaret Awah Tita Alice Magha Glory Anonchuh Wonyi fritz oben tabi Dieudonne Bitom Department of Geology Higher Teacher Training College BambiliUniversity of BamendaP.O.Box.39BambiliCameroon Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of DschangP.O.Box.222DschangCameroon Departmentment of Mining and Mineral Engineering National Higher Polytechnic InstituteUniversity of BamendaP.O.Box.39BambiliCameroon Department of Biology Higher Teacher Training CollegeUniversity of BamendaP.O.Box.39BambiliCameroon

This paper studies the effect of basalt and tephra dusts,as alternatives to chemical fertilizers,on soil fertility and Radish(Raphanus sativus)*** experiment was conducted in the field and in the laboratory in the years 2017 and 2018 on two separate plots so as to annul residual effects of fertilizers).The experimental design in the field was a randomized complete block design(56 m^(2)),including five treatments and three replications:control(T_(0)),basalt dust(T_(1)),tephra dust(T_(2)),effective micro-organism(EM)fertilizer(T_(3))and NPK 20-10-10(T_(4)).The main results show the following decreasing trend based on yield:T_(1)>T_(3)>T_(0)>T_(4)>T_(2).The best yields appear in T_(1) and T_(3) probably because they supplied the highest levels of soil nutrients to match the needs of the *** T_(2) plants performed poorly,soil properties like pH.H_(2)O(6.14 to 6.49),sum of exchangeable bases,base saturation,available phosphorus and cation balance were improved after tephra treatment.T_(2) plants might have performed poorly due to intrinsic properties of the tephra dust like low availability of trace elements compared to T_(1) and T_(3).T_(4) plants show the highest number of leaves,leaf area index and plant *** Fe,Mn,Cu and Zn levels in bulbs and leaves will not pose danger of toxicity to human upon consumption and could serve as nutrient supplement for children and expectant *** most profitable treatment is T_(1) permitting to recommend the popularization of basalt dust for radish cultivation as an alternative to chemical fertilizers.

关键词： Raphanus sativus Soil remineralisation Micronutrients Revenue-to-cost ratio Cameroon Western Highlands

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Local Scale Edaphic Surveys in and out of a Pericopsis elata(Harms) Meeuwen Natural Forest Stand in East Cameroon

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2018年第1期8卷 1-15页

作者： Georges Kogge Kome Adalbert Adibime Onana Mamouda Ngoucheme fritz oben tabi Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA) University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

One of the problems limiting high survival rates of Pericopsis elata (afrormosia, assamela), a high value timber species, is lack of data on its pedological requirements. A study was conducted in the East Region of Cameroon to identify possible soil properties favoring its spatial distribution. Two test areas, in and out of a Pericopsis elata natural forest stand were identified and in each sampling units of 50 × 50 m delineated. Thirty eight and sixteen quadrats in and out of the stands were respectively sampled for soil physico-chemical properties, number of stems and diameter at breast height. Soil samples in each quadrat were analyzed following standard laboratory procedures. Soil properties were tested for normality and compared for the two sites using Student’s t-test. Principal component analysis and correlation analysis were performed on tree and soil data to identify soil factors responsible for spatial distribution. From our findings, key soil indicators favouring Pericopsis elata distribution appear to be acidity (soil pH and exchangeable acidity), base status (base saturation and exchangeable bases) and texture (clay content). More specifically, optimal soil conditions for growth and survival of Pericopsis elata are: pH (4.1 - 5.0), exchangeable acidity (·kg-1), base saturation (6.2% - 17.8%), and clay content (24.0% - 49.0%), which should be considered in site selection for reforestation with Pericopsis elata.

关键词： Assamela Afrormosia Soil Properties Rainforest Cameroon

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Land Suitability Evaluation for Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensisJacq.) in Coastal Plains of Southwest Cameroon

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2020年第7期10卷 257-273页

作者： Georges Kogge Kome fritz oben tabi Roger Kogge Enang Francis Brice Tedou Silatsa Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences (FASA) University of Dschang Dschang Republic of Cameroon

Declining yields in oil palm fresh fruit bunch (FFB) have been recorded over the past years in the coastal lowlands of southwest Cameroon and current actual yields are very low (−1•yr−1) compared to the potential yields (25 t FFB ha−1•yr−1). One of the problems limiting optimum oil palm production is lack of detailed pedological information to guide plantation establishment and management. A land suitability evaluation was carried out for some major oil palm producing areas of southwest Cameroon to identify land qualities limiting optimal production. Thirteen sites (9 with sedimentary parent materials and 4 with volcanic parent material) were evaluated using a parametric method. Results indicate that climate was not a major limiting factor for oil palm production in coastal plains of southwest Cameroon. However, soil physical characteristics (mainly clayey texture and poor drainage) and soil fertility constitute limitations to oil palm production. Specifically, limitations in cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS), organic carbon (OC) and pH were slight to moderate while K mole fraction was the most severe and the most limiting in all the sites. The fertility limitations were more pronounced in soils derived from sedimentary parent materials where 33% had limitations caused by soil pH and OC compared to none for volcanic soils. In addition, 77.8% of sedimentary soils had limitations caused by CEC compared to 25% for volcanic soils. Considering the overall suitability, soils derived from volcanic parent materials were potentially more suitable for oil palm cultivation ((S3)—50%, (S2)—50%) compared to sedimentary soils ((N)—

关键词： Land Evaluation Oil Palm K Mole Fraction Soil Parent Material Coastal Plain Soils

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Influence of Clay Minerals on Some Soil Fertility Attributes: A Review

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2019年第9期9卷 155-188页

作者： Georges Kogge Kome Roger Kogge Enang fritz oben tabi Bernard Palmer Kfuban Yerima Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Republic of Cameroon

Clay minerals constitute an important component of the soil system and knowledge of their role in soil fertility is imperative for sustainable soil management and productivity. The aim of this work is to overview the influence of clay minerals on some major soil fertility attributes. The rationale for carrying out this work is that most soil fertility studies rarely incorporate soil mineralogy. Clay minerals, through their physical and chemical properties, affect soil fertility by controlling nutrient supplies and availability, through the sequestration and stabilization of soil organic matter, by controlling soil physical properties through microaggregate formation, by influencing soil acidity and controlling soil microbial population and activity. The main processes involved in these relationships are dissolution-precipitation and adsorption-desorption processes, alongside mechanisms involving the formation of short-range-ordered phases. Although the determination of soil mineralogical properties is very costly and time-consuming, information about a soil’s mineralogy is imperative for a holistic understanding and proper management of soil fertility. Therefore, the development of rapid, low-cost, reliable and efficient techniques of soil mineralogical analysis, directly applicable to soil fertility investigations, constitutes a major challenge. Also, future research should investigate the relationships between clay minerals and soil nitrogen vis-à-vis sequestration and stabilization. Lastly, clay minerals should be considered in studies dealing with soil quality assessment, especially in the choice of soil quality indicators.

关键词： Clay Mineralogy Nutrient Supply Ion Adsorption-Desorption Mineral Dissolution-Precipitation Nutrient Availability

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Paraquat Dynamics on Western Andosolic and Ferrallitic Soils of Southern Cameroon

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2023年第2期12卷 93-111页

作者： Séraphine Noumbo Kenfack Adalbert Onana Adibime fritz oben tabi Antoine David Mvondo Ze Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

Phytosanitary products are frequently used by agriculture worldwide and in Cameroon in particular;this with a view to protecting crops and improving agricultural yields (Riba and Silvy, 1989;Bonny, 1996;Mattews et al., 2003). There are many studies on the retention of pesticides by soils, but in Cameroon, very few studies have focused on the interaction between andosols, ferralsols and the pesticides paraquat and carbendazim, which are widely used by farmers in Foumbot and Ebolowa. The objective of this work is to provide elements of understanding on the mobility of paraquat along the profile of andosolic soils of Foumbot and ferralitic soils of Ebolowa during which the soil samples were collected. The soil samples were characterized by the analytical method in accordance with the international standards at the Research Unit of Soil Analysis and Environmental Chemistry of the University of Dschang, as recommended by Pauwels et al. (1992). The different analyses of the soil samples were carried out according to the classical procedures of the Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, Soil, Plant and Water Laboratory. Statistical analysis was performed. Pearson correlation tests were performed to correlate soil physicochemical properties with soil adsorption parameters;thus, it has been observed that there is a strong correlation between the CEC and the rate of organic matter. The experimental device used for this study is a block device. This study was carried out in batch mode and by varying the contact time, the pH of the solution, the mass of the soil, the concentration of the solution. The physicochemical characterizations of the soils were studied. The mineralogical analysis was carried out by X-ray and infrared diffraction. The analysis of the samples was carried out by UV-Vis absorption spectrometry. The study of the adsorption kinetics showed that the adsorption of paraquat by the soils of Foumbot NK1, NK3 and Ebolowa MIN1 is better described by the pseu

关键词： Soil Paraquat Depth Retention Kinetics Isothermal

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Relationship between Selected Soil Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Mycorrhizal Status under Triumfetta cordifoliain the Cameroon Western Highlands

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2021年第4期11卷 216-240页

作者： Romary Tchinda Ngnipa fritz oben tabi Souleymanou Adamou Primus Azinwi Tamfuh Georges Kogge Kome Alexis Boukong Antoine David Mvondo Ze Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Agriculture Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Mining and Mineral Engineering National Higher Polytechnic Institute University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon

There is limited information on the pedological requirements of Triumfetta cordifolia. A starting point for establishing such information requires knowledge on the growing environment of the species. The aim of this study was to assess the physicochemical properties and mycorrhizal status in the rhizosphere of Triumeffa cordifolia. Soil and root samples from the rhizosphere of T. cordifolia were collected from three localities (Santchou, Bandjoun, and Balatchi) in the West Region of Cameroon. The results show that the soils are dominated by a loamy texture and have a mean porosity > 50%. Mean bulk density ranges from 0.91 ± 0.02 to 1.26 ± 0.04 g⋅cm−3. The sum of exchangeable cations ranges from medium (6.45 ± 1.02) to high (11.21 ± 1.35) and are evident of the satisfactory soil organic matter (OM) content in the various localities (5.90% ± 0.42% to 10.65% ± 0.73%). Total nitrogen (TN) content of the soils ranged from low (0.10%) to very high (0.41%). Biological activity is low due to very poor OM quality (mean C/N > 20). The average available phosphorus status ranged from medium (18.32 ± 3.91 ppm) to very high (69.39 ± 26.09 ppm). The Cationic Exchange Capacity (CEC) was moderate (19.28 - 29.28 cmol⋅kg−1) and was mainly co

关键词： Triumfetta cordifolia Soil Properties Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Sustainable Soil Management Western Cameroon Highlands

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Assessing the Efficacy of Wheat-Soybean Based Intercropping System at Different Plant Densities in Bambili, Cameroon

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第4期15卷 235-251页

作者： Lendzemo E. Tatah Jeazet K. Teitiogo oben Tom tabi Tange D. Achiri Njualem D. Khumbah Chi Christopher Tamu Department of Crop Production Technology College of Technology University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon Department of Agronomic and Applied Molecular Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine University of Buea Buea Cameroon School of Tropical Agriculture and Natural Resource Catholic University of Cameroon Bamenda Cameroon Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering College of Technology University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon

Wheat is one of the most important cereals in the world, serving as a staple for millions globally. In the wake of the geopolitical crisis between Russia and Ukraine, it has become incumbent for many countries to invest in wheat production. Improving cropping systems for wheat production is paramount. Intercropping cereals with legumes has tremendous advantages. Therefore, this study was designed to optimize wheat production by intercropping it with soybean at different densities. Between March and August 2023, a randomized complete block design trial was conducted in Bambili, North West of Cameroon with treatments T1 (wheat monocrop at 200,000 plants ha−1), T2 (soybean monocrop at 250,000 plants ha−1), T3 (200,000 wheat and 125,000 soybean ha−1), T4 (100,000 wheat and 250,000 soybean ha−1), T5 (200,000 wheat and 250,000 soybean ha−1) and T6 (100,000 wheat and 125,000 soybean ha−1). Results revealed that growth parameters of wheat were not significantly influenced by monocrop or intercrop. The yield of wheat was significantly higher in the monocrop than the intercrop treatments, with slight variation amongst the intercrop treatments. Soybean yield was higher in the monocrop than in the intercrop, with no variations amongst the intercrop treatments. Only the land equivalence ratio (LER) for T5 was greater than 1.0. The competitive ratio for T5 was 0.54 for wheat and 1.90 for soybean, comparatively lower than the other monocrop treatments. Intercropping wheat and soybean at 200,000:250,000 ratio is recommended.

关键词： Competitive Ration Land Equivalence Ration Intercrop Soybean Wheat

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Agro-Economic Implications of Combined Application of Organic and Mineral Fertilizers on Maize

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Agricultural Sciences 2020年第7期11卷 638-652页

作者： Ngoran Eveline Banye tabi oben fritz Nguetsop Victor François Research Unit of Applied Botany Faculty of Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Research Unit of Soil Analysis and Environmental Chemistry Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

Continuous cultivation without adequate fertilizer application is responsible for plant nutrient depletion and yield decline of major food crops in sub-Saharan Africa. Field experiments were conducted on umbric Cambisol in Babungo and ustic Oxisol in Bansoa in the Western Highlands of Cameroon over two years to evaluate the effects of combined application of leaf biomass of agroforestry species and mineral fertilizers with their economic returns on maize yield performance. Ten treatments encompassing sole mineral fertilizer, sole leaf biomass of Calliandra, Leucaena, Acacia and Cassia, leaf biomasses combined with mineral fertilizer and absolute control were laid in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Data collected on maize grain yield was subjected to analysis of variance using XLSTAT version 2014 statistical software. In addition, an economic analysis was performed to evaluate the profitability of the different treatment combinations. The results showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) amongst the different treatments on maize yield on both soil types. The highest maize yields which stood at 5.93 t/ha and 6.01 t/ha were recorded in plots treated with Acacia and Cassia plus half recommended mineral fertilizer on umbric Cambisol and ust

关键词： Benefit Cost Ratio Economic Analysis Maize Yield Net Benefit Profitability

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